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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Earth Science and Medical Geology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 29681

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fei Li

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Guest Editor

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
Interests: agricultural land system; climate change; land management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Haijuan Yang

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Guest Editor

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
Interests: territorial spatial planning; land management; land economics; land use policy; land survey and evaluation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Land systems have various functions and effects, such as producing food, ensuring social equity, promoting economic development, and providing ecological services, and provide a material basis and space (agricultural production space, urban-rural development space, ecological service space) for human survival and development. However, the limited and non-renewable nature of land resources make it difficult for the land sector to achieve all sustainable development goals at the same time, and there are different degrees of trade-offs between the various land system functions in the process of territorial spatial development and utilization. The trade-off between land system functions can be spatially explicated as a structural contradiction between agricultural production space, urban-rural development space, and ecological service space. In recent decades, global land systems have undergone changes characterized by the expansion of urban-rural development space, the reconstruction of agricultural production space, and the contraction of ecological service space, which have caused profound and even irreversible negative impacts on the global environment. Therefore, territorial spatial planning that integrates urban planning, rural planning, ecological planning, agricultural planning, forest planning, grassland planning and other planning has become an effective way to control the overall development and utilization of land resources and coordinate the relationship between various land system functions.

Land management in the context of territorial spatial planning needs to scientifically analyze the structure, function, and operating mechanism of land systems; explore and clarify the trade-offs between different functions in the process of land development and protection; develop models for land optimization and regulation; and improve land use policies and laws. Therefore, for this Special Issue of IJERPH, we invite authors to submit theoretical considerations and descriptions of practical case studies concerning land management and territorial spatial planning. Specifically, we welcome papers discussing the following topics:

Land system transition mechanisms;
Mapping of land system archetype;
Trade-off between land system functions;
Territorial spatial development suitability;
Territorial spatial governance;
Land use planning and optimization;
Land benefits distribution systems;
Land use policy and law.

Dr. Fei Li
Prof. Dr. Haijuan Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

land systems
land use transition
territorial spatial development and utilization
resource environmental carrying capacity
land ecology
land economics
land consolidation

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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17 pages, 3299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Disaster Integrated Risk Assessment in City Range—A Case Study of Jinan, China

by Jun Chang, Zuotang Yin, Zhendong Zhang, Xiaotong Xu and Min Zhao

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3483; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043483 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2146

Abstract

Urban multi-disaster integrated risk assessment is an important part of urban sustainable development and territorial spatial planning. Based on the results of integrated risk assessment, the scientific and effective performance of disaster prevention and reduction can be effectively improved. This study determines a multi-disaster integrated risk assessment system. The system evaluates the hazard level of disasters, the exposure level of disaster bearing bodies, the vulnerability level of disaster bearing bodies, and the urban resilience level, and determines the city’s integrated risk level on this basis. Taking Jinan as an example, the risk, exposure, vulnerability, resilience, and integrated risk level of Jinan City were analyzed. The results show that the system reasonably analyzes the multi-disaster integrated risk level, and according to the assessment results, countermeasures for disaster prevention and suggestions for territorial spatial planning were put forward. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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15 pages, 5475 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Applying Landscape Ecology in Local Planning, Some Experiences

by Inger-Lill Eikaas, Helene Roussel, Anne-Karine H. Thorén and Wenche E. Dramstad

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3410; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043410 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

Landscape ecology is repeatedly described as an applied science that can help reduce the negative effects of land-use and land-use changes on biodiversity. However, the extent to which landscape ecology is in fact contributing to planning and design processes is questioned. The aim of this paper is to investigate if and how landscape ecology can be integrated in a planning and design process, and to uncover possible problems that, e.g., landscape architects and planners, may face in such processes. Our conclusion, based on a case study from Asker municipality, Norway, is that such a landscape ecological approach has a lot to offer. However, it is difficult to exploit the potential fully for different reasons, e.g., biodiversity information tends to be specialized, and not easily used by planners and designers, and landscape ecological principles need an adaptation process to be applicable in a real-world situation. We conclude that for the situation to improve, landscape ecologists need to ease this process. In addition, we recommend collaboration across disciplinary boundaries, preferably with a common design concept as a foundation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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21 pages, 16693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Blackland Conservation and Utilization, Carbon Storage and Ecological Risk in Green Space: A Case Study from Heilongjiang Province in China

by Chen Qu, Wen Li, Jia Xu and Song Shi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043154 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1618

Abstract

Clarifying the relationship between carbon storage and ecological risks is critical to ensuring regional sustainable development. Land use changes caused by land use policy invariably result in substantial changes in carbon storage and ecological risks. The link between carbon storage and ecological risks in green space is still unknown, even though green space is an essential ecological function carrier. According to the Blackland Conservation Utilization (BCU) policy document and natural exploitation (NP) status, this study compared and projected the carbon storage and landscape ecological risk characteristics of green space in Heilongjiang Province (HLJP) for 2030. It also quantitatively assessed the interactions and synergistic changes of the two variables in terms of coupled coordination relationships, quantitative correlations, and spatial correlations. The results demonstrated the following: (1) the green space evolution of HJLP under the BCU scenario is significantly more drastic than under the NP scenario; (2) In 2020–2030, the NP scenario’s evolution of green space results in the ecosystem losing 323.51 × 10⁶ t of carbon storage, compared to the BCU scenario’s loss of just 216.07 × 10⁶ t. The BCU policy will increase the agglomeration of high-risk ranges in the northeast and southwest will but decrease the overall landscape ecological risk level of green space; (3) BCU policy will prevent the system’s orderly development and benign coupling, but it will increase the interdependence between carbon storage and landscape ecological risks in green space; (4) Green space exchange and loss will result in the simultaneous rise or decrease in both variables. The magnitude of carbon storage increase owing to green space expansion tends to increase simultaneously with the magnitude of landscape ecological risk reduction. To a certain extent, the HLJP black land conservation and utilization policy can improve carbon storage and ensure ecological security, and the matching of dominant regions with the status of the landscape evolutionary process can support future carbon-neutral actions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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21 pages, 15176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Analysis of the Spatial Development of European Cities Based on Their Geometry and the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) Database

by Szymon Czyża, Karol Szuniewicz, Iwona Cieślak, Andrzej Biłozor and Tomasz Bajerowski

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032049 - 22 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1974

Abstract

The study demonstrated that the rate of spatial development is correlated with its fractal dimension. The presented results indicate that the fractal dimension can be a useful tool for describing different phases of urban development. Therefore, the formulated research hypothesis states that the fractal dimension of cities’ external boundaries is correlated with the rate of spatial development in urban areas. The above implies that the higher the rate of spatial development, the smoother the external boundaries of urban investment. Rapidly developing cities contribute to considerable changes in land management, in particular in municipalities surrounding the urban core. Urban development processes often induce negative changes in land management and contribute to chaotic and unplanned development. To address these problems, new methods are being developed for modeling and predicting the rate of changes in transitional zones between urban and rural areas. These processes are particularly pronounced in urban space, whose expansion proceeds at an uneven pace. The aim of this study was to propose a method for describing urbanization processes that are based on the dependence between the urban growth rate, the fractal dimension, and basic geometric parameters, such as city area and the length of city boundaries. Based on the calculated changes in the values of these parameters, a classification system was proposed to identify distinctive phases of urban development. The study revealed that land cover databases are highly useful for such analyses. The study was conducted on 58 medium-size European cities with a population of up to 300,000, including France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Croatia. The study demonstrated that the fractal dimension and the basic geometric parameters of urban boundaries are significantly correlated with the rate of the spatial development of cities. The proposed indicators can be used to describe the spatial development of urban areas and the rate of urban growth. The development of the analyzed cities was modeled with the use of CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data for 2000–2006–2012–2018, acquired under the EU Copernicus program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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16 pages, 1544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Increasing Farm Plot Size Influence the Visual Quality of Everyday Agricultural Landscapes?

by Kristina Janeckova Molnarova, Iris C. Bohnet, Kamila Svobodova, Kateřina Černý Pixová, Michael Daniels, Jan Skaloš, Kristýna Drhlíková, Hossein Azadi, Roman Zámečník and Petr Sklenička

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010687 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2111

Abstract

The increase in farm plot size is one of the most apparent and significant trends that have influenced central and eastern European agricultural landscapes since the 1950s. In many countries where the average plot size in traditional land-use systems did not exceed several hectares, present-day plots reach the size of 200 ha or more. In recent times, efforts have been made to reverse this trend to restore important ecosystem functions and to re-establish the aesthetic values of everyday landscapes. Visual landscape quality is becoming a major driving force in the development of agricultural landscapes with known effects on people’s well-being and health, and this quality plays an increasingly important role in agricultural policies. However, no comprehensive research has been carried out to establish the links between perceived visual landscape quality and the scale of the farm plot pattern. The current study was therefore designed to determine whether greater farmland pattern heterogeneity, i.e., smaller farm plot sizes, is consistent with higher visual preferences. The results showed that people preferred a small-scale plot pattern in landscapes characterized by a flat relief and a low proportion of woody vegetation. These homogeneous landscapes were also overall considered significantly less beautiful than more diverse landscapes. However, even a moderate decrease in plot size notably improved these low beauty scores. These preferences were displayed consistently by all respondents, and most strongly by older respondents, respondents with a higher level of education, and those professionally engaged in landscape design or conservation. The high level of consensus among respondents in rejecting further land consolidation in homogeneous landscapes, which form a large proportion of European farmland, underlines that the results of this study provide a valid argument for discussing sustainable agricultural plot sizes as part of agricultural policy-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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18 pages, 391 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tolerance for Housing Unaffordability among Highly Skilled Young Migrants: Evidence from the Zhejiang Province of China

by Xizan Jin, Hongfei Yu, Fangxin Yi, Lili Chen and Song Wang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010616 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1953

Abstract

Many studies have concluded that, since housing pressure affects the mobility of highly skilled young migrants (HSYMs) in Chinese cities and regions, it is necessary to apply corresponding housing policies to adjust housing unaffordability for HYSM. This study uses data from a survey conducted in China’s Zhejiang Province, where specific policies have been implemented to attract talent. We found that housing crowds out HSYM from a city, but that the HSYM who have a master’s degree or above, or who work in government organizations or state-owned enterprises, are more tolerant of housing unaffordability. Those who are unmarried or those staying in the city for a long period are less tolerant of housing unaffordability. Meanwhile, different factors have heterogeneous impacts on the HSYMs’ tolerance for housing unaffordability across cities of different levels. Therefore, housing policies should highlight urban differences and intra-group differences, and more housing land should be provided to attract talent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

22 pages, 4929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Spatial Land Use Patterns with Low Carbon Target: A Case Study of Sanmenxia, China

by Li Li, Zhichao Chen and Shidong Wang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114178 - 30 Oct 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1958

Abstract

Land use change is an important factor in atmospheric carbon emissions. Most of the existing studies focus on modeling the land use pattern for a certain period of time in the future and calculating and analyzing carbon emissions. However, few studies have optimized the spatial pattern of land use from the perspective of the impact of carbon emission constraints on land use structure. Therefore, in this study, the effects of land use change on carbon emissions from 1990 to 2020 were modeled using a carbon flow model for Sanmenxia, Henan, China, as an example. Then, the land use carbon emission function under the low carbon target was constructed, and the differential evolution (DE) algorithm was used to obtain the optimized land use quantity structure. Finally, the PLUS model was used to predict the optimal spatial configuration of land use patterns to minimize carbon emissions. The study produced three major results. (1) From 1990 to 2020, the structural change of land use in Sanmenxia mainly occurred between cultivated land, forest land, grassland and construction land. During this period of land use change, the carbon emissions from construction land first increased and then decreased, but despite the decrease, carbon emissions still exceeded carbon sinks, and the carbon metabolism of land use was still far from equilibrium. (2) Between 2010 and 2020, the area of cultivated land began to decrease, and the area of forest land rapidly increased, and land-use-related carbon emissions showed negative growth. This showed that the structural adjustment of energy consumption in Sanmenxia during the period decreased carbon emissions in comparison with the previous period. (3) A comparison of predicted optimized land use patterns with land use patterns in an as-is development scenario showed a decrease in construction land area of 23.05 km² in 2030 with a steady increase in forest land area and a decrease in total carbon emission of 20.43 t. The newly converted construction land in the optimized land use pattern was concentrated in the ribbon-clustered towns built during urban expansion along the Shaanling basin of the Yellow River and the Mianchi–Yima industrial development area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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20 pages, 7852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation Methods for Water Resource Suitability in Territorial Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Baiyin City in a Semi-Arid Region

by Jiuyi Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12973; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912973 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2034

Abstract

Water resources are a major factor in the spatial layout of agricultural production and urban construction, which is an important part of China’s ongoing territorial spatial planning. In order to assess the constraining and guiding effects of water resources on territorial spatial planning, water resources suitability evaluation needs to be carried out at the grid scale. Traditional basin or regional-scale indicators of water resources cannot satisfy the requirements with high spatial accuracy in territorial spatial planning, because the internal differences could not be described. In this study, irrigation water supply cost index (CIA) and urban water supply cost index (CIU) were evaluated to characterize the affordability of potential water supply costs by simulating of optimal water supply path. Further, grid-scale indexes of water resource suitability for agricultural production (WRSA) and for urban construction (WRSU) were constructed. The grades of WRSA and WRSU were classified at a 20 m grid scale in Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for agricultural production were 381.0 km², 3354.7 km², 3663.9 km², and 12,700.7 km², respectively, accounting for 1.9%, 16.7%, 18.2%, and 63.2% of the total area of Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for urban construction were 1657.7 km², 4184.5 km², 1177.7 km², and 13,075.7 km², respectively, accounting for 8.2%, 20.8%, 5.9%, and 65.1% of the total area of Baiyin City. Coupling analysis with land use and land resources suitability were carried out in this study, which showed that the grid-scale WRSA and WRSU could well characterize the spatial differences of water resources suitability for agricultural production and urban construction. The results of the Geodetector-based study show that the WRSA and WRSU indicators have better explanatory power for the land-use spatial distribution compared to indicators such as water distance. Therefore, the indexes could provide scientific support to delimit agricultural space and urban space, and are effective means of “determining regional functions by water resources“ in territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, the indexes could be applied to other arid and semi-arid areas, and also hilly areas, where water supply suitability plays a restrictive role in agricultural production and urban construction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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20 pages, 2068 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Space Transformation of Land Use on Function Transformation and the Regional Differences in Shaanxi Province

by Yaodan Zhang, Fei Li, Kai Li, Laiding Sun and Haijuan Yang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811793 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1783

Abstract

The development of economy and urbanization promotes the transformation of land use both in space and function. Most existing research perspectives focus only on the transformation of space or function, and analysis of the mutual feedback mechanism between space transformation and function transformation is not deep enough. Therefore, this study constructed a diagnostic method for land use space transformation and function transformation and explored the mutual feedback mechanism between space transformation and functional transformation. The purpose is to deepen the research of land system science, provide a new method for diagnosing the space transformation and function transformation of land use, and clarify the driving mechanism of space transformation on function transformation as well as the mutual feedback mechanism of both. The research results showed that: (1) From 1980 to 2000, the space transformation of land use in the Northern Shaanxi Plateau did not happen, but the degree of trade-off between functions increased, resulting in the occurrence of unsustainable function transformation; the Guanzhong Plain showed a sustainable space transformation during the study period, but the land use functions did not transform; the function transformation and space transformation of the Qinba Mountain area happened in the same direction, and both tended to be sustainable; (2) From 2000 to 2018, the space transformation and function transformation of the Northern Shaanxi Plateau were in opposite directions; the land use space in the Qinba Mountain area was in a state of fluctuation and had not undergone transition, but the land use functions were in an unsustainable transition state; and (3) The function transformation in Shaanxi Province was deeply affected by factors at the policy and cultural levels and the strengthening of its own anti-interference ability, resulting in different performances of space transformation in different regions in different periods. Therefore, Shaanxi Province should rationally plan land resources, coordinate the relationship between space transformation and function transformation, and offer positive feedback to function transformation through sustainable space transformation. Meanwhile, it is necessary to prudently determine the regional land use model according to regional differences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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21 pages, 5034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation on the Evolution Trend of the Urban Sprawl Spatial Pattern in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

by Yuxiang Zhang, Dongjie Guan, Xiujuan He and Boling Yin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9190; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159190 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2059

Abstract

Urban sprawl has become the main pattern of spatial expansion in many large cities in China, and its ecological and environmental effects profoundly impact Chinese urban development. In this paper, nighttime light data and statistical yearbook data are adopted as basic data sources to simulate the evolution trend of the urban sprawl in the upper Yangtze River (UYR), China. First, the urban sprawl index (USI) is employed to assess the level of urban sprawl and to determine the characteristics of urban sprawl under different scales. Second, the spatial autocorrelation model is applied to reveal the spatial pattern change characteristics of urban sprawl from 1992 to 2015. Third, a scenario analysis model of urban sprawl is constructed to simulate the evolution trend of the urban sprawl under different scenarios. Finally, based on the Geodetector, the influence of factors and factor interactions influencing urban sprawl in different time periods is analyzed. The results yield the following main conclusions: (1) The urban sprawl in the UYR first intensifies and then stabilizes over time. The number of cities with high USI in Sichuan province, medium cities, and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration increases over time, indicating that urban sprawl is intensifying in these areas. (2) The urban sprawl hot spots experience a pattern transformation process of point-like expansion-point-ring expansion-point-axis expansion-axis radiation. (3) Under the scenarios with different scales, the urban land sprawl in large cities is the highest, accounting for more than 47% of the UYR. Urban land sprawl extent in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is the highest, accounting for more than 51% of the UYR. The cities exhibiting the highest sprawl are Chongqing, Lijiang, and Kunming, accounting for 25.84%, 7.37%, and 5.11%, respectively, of the UYR. (4) In the different time scenario simulations, the urban land in large cities exhibits the highest sprawl, accounting for approximately 48.16% of the UYR. The urban land in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration demonstrates the highest sprawl, accounting for 50.92% of the UYR. (5) From 1996 to 2002, the driver with the highest influence on urban sprawl was secondary industry share of GDP, with a q-statistic of 0.616. From 2009 to 2015, the driver with the highest influence on urban sprawl was green space per capita with a q-statistic of 0.396. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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20 pages, 4417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation and Potential Analysis of Land Population Carrying Capacity in Shanghai Metropolis

by Hefeng Wang, Yuan Cao, Xiaohu Wu, Ao Zhao and Yi Xie

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8240; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148240 - 6 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2068

Abstract

It is of great practical significance to understand the current situation of urban land carrying capacity, explore its potential space, and continuously improve the economic adaptability and resilience and population carrying capacity of megacities. Based on the guiding principle of territorial spatial division and the concept of moderate-scale resilient cities, combined with GIS technology, this study aims to divide land spaces into three types and construct different index systems to evaluate the land carrying capacity of Shanghai in different spaces. Furthermore, we propose different schemes of estimating subspace land population carrying capacity, and the carrying potential of land population is analysed as well. The acquired results demonstrate three key points. Firstly, the total land population capacity of Shanghai is estimated at 25,476.61–32,047.27 people, with urban land space being the most dominant for the city’s population carrying capacity. Furthermore, the inner suburbs carry the largest population, and the urban centre carries a larger population density than other areas. Secondly, there are significant spatial differences in land population carrying potential. Compared with the demographic data from 2017, Shanghai still has a population carrying potential of 1293.30–7863.97 people and a suitable population carrying potential of 4578.64 people. The population of the urban centre is near the upper limit of the estimated population carrying capacity, and the suburbs, especially the outer suburbs, have large population carrying potential. Thirdly, the estimation method adopted in this study can effectively reveal the spatial differences in population carrying capacity and the potential of different land spaces and different regions in Shanghai, with the estimation results being highly credible. The results will provide references for the improvement of the multi-scenario population planning strategy in Shanghai, as well as enrich the research span and methods currently employed in land carrying capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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18 pages, 3793 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Grain Production Space Reconstruction and Its Influencing Factors in the Loess Plateau

by Zhangxuan Qin, Xiaolin Liu, Xiaoyan Lu, Mengfei Li and Fei Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5876; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105876 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1762

Abstract

Grain production space, ecological service space and urban–rural development space are the classifications of land systems from the perspective of the dominant function of the land system. Grain production space reconstruction concentrates on the principal contradictions of land system changes, and is the key to exploring the transformation of land system. Therefore, the pathways, process and influencing factors of grain production space reconstruction in the Loess Plateau of Chian from 1980 to 2018 was explored from three dimensions of quantity–quality–spatial pattern in this study. Results showed that the quantity of grain production space showed a slight downward trend with a net decrease of 9156 km² between 1980 and 2018, but its total quality showed a fluctuating growth trend under rain-fed conditions. Due to the intensification of human activities, grain production space was gradually fragmented, and the distribution tended to be decentralized, and the shape gradually became regular. Meanwhile, both the quantity and quality gravity center of grain production space moved to the northwest by 8.32 km and 86.03 km, respectively. The reconstruction of grain production space in the Loess Plateau was mainly realized through four pathways: Grain for Green, Urban Expansion, Deforestation and Reclamation, and Land Consolidation. The grain production space was mainly reconstructed through the pathway of Grain for Green after 2000. The four reconstruction pathways were the result of a combination of natural environment and socio-economic factors, but influencing factors had different strengths and directions for each reconstruction pathway. From the perspective of social economy–land use–ecological environment coupling, in order to maintain the sustainable development of the land systems, it is necessary to reduce the trade-offs of the functions of land systems as much as possible and strive to coordinate the relationship among grain production, ecological protection and high-quality development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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22 pages, 7027 KiB

Open AccessReview

Optimization of Spatial Pattern of Land Use: Progress, Frontiers, and Prospects

by Changchang Liu, Chuxiong Deng, Zhongwu Li, Yaojun Liu and Shuyuan Wang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105805 - 10 May 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4584

Abstract

Due to high-intensity human disturbance and rapid climate change, optimizing the spatial pattern of land use has become a pivotal path to restoring ecosystem functions and realizing the sustainable development of human–land relationships. This review uses the literature analysis method combined with CiteSpace to determine current research progress and frontiers, challenges, and directions for further improvement in this field. The main conclusions include the following: (a) research on the optimization of spatial pattern of land use has transformed from pattern description orientation to sustainable development orientation to ecological restoration orientation. Its research paradigm has changed from pattern to function to well-being; (b) the research frontier mainly includes spatial pattern of land use that takes into account the unity of spatial structure and functional attributes, the ecological mechanism and feedback effect of change in spatial pattern of land, the theoretical framework and model construction of land use simulation and prediction based on multiple disciplines and fields, and the adaptive management of sustainable land use in the context of climate change; (c) based on current research challenges, we integrate the research on landscape ecology and ecosystem service flows to develop an “element sets–network structure–system functions–human well-being” conceptual model. We also propose the strengthening of future research on theoretical innovation, spatiotemporal mechanism selection, causal emergence mechanism, the transformation threshold, and uncertainty. We provide innovative ideas for achieving sustainable management of land systems and territorial spatial planning with the aim of improving the adaptability of land use spatial optimization. This is expected to strengthen the ability of land systems to cope with ecological security and climate risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Management for Territorial Spatial Planning)

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