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Cardiovascular Diseases: Histopathological and Molecular Diagnostics
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Cardiovascular Diseases: Histopathological and Molecular Diagnostics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 5068

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Simona Gurzu

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 310377 Targu-Mures, Romania
Interests: cancer biology; GI cancer; molecular biology of cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of manuscripts referring to the approach to cardiovascular disorders, focusing on histological, biochemical and molecular research. We intend to realize a transdisciplinary issue and to prove that the new era in cardiology open gates for pathologists and molecular specialists. Original research, extremely rare cases with extensive review of the literature and review-type papers which are focused on cardiovascular pathology and pathophysiology, from experimental to clinical studies, are welcome. If the authors used in silico analysis or public gene databases in their manuscripts, external validation is mandatory. Your individual contribution might be useful for a new perspective on cardiovascular diseases, based on data obtained after performing in vivo or in vitro experiments, or histological, immunohistochemical and other examinations performed in clinical practice.

Prof. Dr. Simona Gurzu
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4891 KiB  
Article
Histopathological Gap in Aortic Diseases: A Prospective Analysis
by Cosmin Marian Banceu, Simona Gurzu, Catalin-Bogdan Satala, Dana Ghiga, Mihai Halic Neamtu, Vladimir Voth, Markus Liebrich and Horatiu Suciu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15470; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015470 - 23 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1242
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a critical cardiovascular condition with the potential for devastating consequences. This study evaluated the histological changes in the aorta wall in patients with AD and aortic aneurysm (AA) who received surgical aortic replacement. Histopathological data showed that modifications of [...] Read more.
Aortic dissection (AD) is a critical cardiovascular condition with the potential for devastating consequences. This study evaluated the histological changes in the aorta wall in patients with AD and aortic aneurysm (AA) who received surgical aortic replacement. Histopathological data showed that modifications of the media layer (p = 0.0197), myxomatous aspect (p = 0.0001), and subendothelial layer degeneration (p = 0.0107) were more frequently seen in AA versus AD samples. Patients with AA were approximately twice as likely to develop histological changes than those with AD (p = 0.0037). Patients with moderate or severe medial degeneration had a higher chance of developing AD (p = 0.0001). Because the histopathological score proved to be a predictor of both in-hospital and overall mortality, its evaluation should become the standard of care in any patients who undergo aortic replacement. Individualized postoperative management might be influenced by the histopathological aspect of the aortic layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Histopathological and Molecular Diagnostics)
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13 pages, 990 KiB  
Communication
Remodeling of Cardiomyocytes: Study of Morphological Cellular Changes Preceding Symptomatic Ischemic Heart Failure
by Milda Kuprytė, Vaiva Lesauskaitė, Vytenis Keturakis, Vitalija Bunevičienė, Lina Utkienė, Lina Jusienė and Dalia Pangonytė
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914557 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1410
Abstract
Although major pathogenesis mechanisms of heart failure (HF) are well established, the significance of early (mal)adaptive structural changes of cardiomyocytes preceding symptomatic ischemic HF remains ambiguous. The aim of this study is to present the morphological characterization of changes in cardiomyocytes and their [...] Read more.
Although major pathogenesis mechanisms of heart failure (HF) are well established, the significance of early (mal)adaptive structural changes of cardiomyocytes preceding symptomatic ischemic HF remains ambiguous. The aim of this study is to present the morphological characterization of changes in cardiomyocytes and their reorganization of intermediate filaments during remodeling preceding symptomatic ischemic HF in an adult human heart. A total of 84 myocardial tissue samples from middle-left heart ventricular segments were analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically, observing the cardiomyocyte’s size, shape, and desmin expression changes in the remodeling process: Stage A of HF, Stage B of HF, and Stages C/D of HF groups (ACC/AHA classification). Values p < 0.05 were considered significant. The cellular length, diameter, and volume of Stage A of HF increased predominantly by the diameter vs. the control group (p < 0.001) and continued to increase in Stage B of HF in a similar pattern (p < 0.001), increasing even more in the C/D Stages of HF predominantly by length (p < 0.001). Desmin expression was increased in Stage A of HF vs. the control group (p < 0.001), whereas it was similar in Stages A and B of HF (p > 0.05), and most intense in Stages C/D of HF (p < 0.001). Significant morphological changes of cardiomyocytes and their cytoskeletal reorganization were observed during the earliest remodeling events preceding symptomatic ischemic HF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Histopathological and Molecular Diagnostics)
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Review

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20 pages, 2455 KiB  
Review
The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Viral Myocarditis
by Ewelina Młynarska, Krzysztof Badura, Szymon Kurciński, Julia Sinkowska, Paulina Jakubowska, Jacek Rysz and Beata Franczyk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 10933; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010933 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 722
Abstract
Myocarditis is a non-ischemic condition with a heterogeneous etiology, clinical course and prognosis. The most common etiology of myocarditis are viral infections, whereas the most severe complications are acute and chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The heterogeneous clinical course of the [...] Read more.
Myocarditis is a non-ischemic condition with a heterogeneous etiology, clinical course and prognosis. The most common etiology of myocarditis are viral infections, whereas the most severe complications are acute and chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The heterogeneous clinical course of the disease, as well as the availability and costs of diagnostic tools such as cardiac magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy, hinder the diagnosis of myocarditis and its underlying cause. Non-coding RNAs such as micro-RNAs (miRNAs; miR) have been shown to be involved in the disease’s pathophysiology; however, their potential in disease diagnosis and treatment should also be considered. Non-coding RNAs are RNAs that are not translated into proteins, and they have the ability to regulate several intracellular pathways. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by binding with their targets and inhibiting protein synthesis by interfering with the translation of coding genes or causing the degradation of messenger RNA. Several miRNAs, such as miR-1, -133, -21, -15, -98, -126, -155, -148, -203, -208, -221, -222, -203 and -590, have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis (VMC), and some of them have been shown to have diagnostic abilities. This article summarizes the available data on miRNAs and their associations with VMC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Histopathological and Molecular Diagnostics)
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Other

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9 pages, 32940 KiB  
Case Report
The Importance of Aortic Valve Bicuspid Phenotype in Valvular Evolution in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report and Literature Mini-Review
by Amalia Făgărășan, Simona Gurzu, Catalin-Bogdan Satala and Asmaa Carla Hagău
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14027; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814027 - 13 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1226
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most commonly encountered congenital malformation in the pediatric population, associated with aortic leaflet degeneration and aortopathy. However, studies on BAV and its complications in children are limited. We present the case of a 16-year-old with type 1B [...] Read more.
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most commonly encountered congenital malformation in the pediatric population, associated with aortic leaflet degeneration and aortopathy. However, studies on BAV and its complications in children are limited. We present the case of a 16-year-old with type 1B BAV with a raphe with fusion between the right and non-coronary cusps who exhibited severe aortic stenosis, regurgitation, and progressive dilatation of the ascending aorta. Surgical intervention, including aortic valve and aortic root replacement, was performed due to the patient’s deteriorating condition. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes and calcifications in the aortic valve and mucoid fibrosis in the ascending aorta. The results are consistent with BAV patients being predisposed to aortic stenosis and regurgitation due to increased mechanical stress and hemodynamic abnormalities. Although more common in adults and a rare complication in pediatric patients, calcification was previously observed concurrently with rapid valve degeneration in our daily practice. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BAV-related complications and refine treatment strategies for pediatric patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Histopathological and Molecular Diagnostics)
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