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Carbonic Anhydrase and Biomarker Research 2021
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Carbonic Anhydrase and Biomarker Research 2021

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 8130

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Giulia Lionetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Itay
Interests: carbonic anhydrase; antioxidant; biomarkers; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbonic anhydrase is a widely distributed metalloenzyme catalysing the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3- and H+. It plays a fundamental role in a number of physiological processes, including gas exchange, pH homeostasis, electrolyte transport, metabolic reactions, bone resorption, and calcification. Recently, its involvement in several pathological conditions, as well as sensitivity to chemical pollutants, has advanced the research on carbonic anhydrase in the biomarker discovery field.

A biomarker is defined as a cellular, biochemical, or molecular alteration that is measurable in biological media as an indicator of normal biological process, pathogenic processes, or response to an exposure or intervention. Biomarkers are useful tools in a wide range of fields, including medicine, drug discovery, environmental health, and ecotoxicology.

In recent years, alteration in the expression of specific carbonic anhydrase isoforms has been proposed as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in the clinical field, mainly in cancer research.

Moreover, the sensitivity of specific carbonic anhydrase isoforms to environmental pollutants has given rise to new perspectives in the potential use of carbonic anhydrase as a pollution biomarker.

This Special Issue of IJMS is aimed to cover the more recent insights into the research of carbonic anhydrase as a promising biomarker in several areas of interest, from human health to environmental sciences, opening new perspectives for the translation of advances in basic sciences on this ancient enzyme into innovative applications.

Prof. Dr. Maria Giulia Lionetto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • carbonic anhydrase
  • biomarker
  • pH regulation
  • cancer
  • tumor microenvironment
  • heavy metals
  • pollutant
  • biomonitoring

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 1500 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Carbonic Anhydrases for CO2 Sequestration
by Franziska Steger, Johanna Reich, Werner Fuchs, Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann, Georg M. Gübitz, Doris Ribitsch and Günther Bochmann
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020957 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3149
Abstract
Strategies for depleting carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gases are urgently needed and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) can contribute to solving this problem. They catalyze the hydration of CO2 in aqueous solutions and therefore capture the CO2. However, the [...] Read more.
Strategies for depleting carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gases are urgently needed and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) can contribute to solving this problem. They catalyze the hydration of CO2 in aqueous solutions and therefore capture the CO2. However, the harsh conditions due to varying process temperatures are limiting factors for the application of enzymes. The current study aims to examine four recombinantly produced CAs from different organisms, namely CAs from Acetobacterium woodii (AwCA or CynT), Persephonella marina (PmCA), Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (MtaCA or Cab) and Sulphurihydrogenibium yellowstonense (SspCA). The highest expression yields and activities were found for AwCA (1814 WAU mg−1 AwCA) and PmCA (1748 WAU mg−1 PmCA). AwCA was highly stable in a mesophilic temperature range, whereas PmCA proved to be exceptionally thermostable. Our results indicate the potential to utilize CAs from anaerobic microorganisms to develop CO2 sequestration applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbonic Anhydrase and Biomarker Research 2021)
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Review

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14 pages, 667 KiB  
Review
The Role of Extracellular Carbonic Anhydrase in Biogeochemical Cycling: Recent Advances and Climate Change Responses
by Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa, Mohd Talib Latif and Oliver Wurl
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(14), 7413; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147413 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3951
Abstract
Climate change has been predicted to influence the marine phytoplankton community and its carbon acquisition strategy. Extracellular carbonic anhydrase (eCA) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the relatively slow interconversion between HCO3− and CO2. Early results indicated that sub-nanomolar [...] Read more.
Climate change has been predicted to influence the marine phytoplankton community and its carbon acquisition strategy. Extracellular carbonic anhydrase (eCA) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the relatively slow interconversion between HCO3− and CO2. Early results indicated that sub-nanomolar levels of eCA at the sea surface were sufficient to enhance the oceanic uptake rate of CO2 on a global scale by 15%, an addition of 0.37 Pg C year−1. Despite its central role in the marine carbon cycle, only in recent years have new analytical techniques allowed the first quantifications of eCA and its activity in the oceans. This opens up new research areas in the field of marine biogeochemistry and climate change. Light and suitable pH conditions, as well as growth stage, are crucial factors in eCA expression. Previous studies showed that phytoplankton eCA activity and concentrations are affected by environmental stressors such as ocean acidification and UV radiation as well as changing light conditions. For this reason, eCA is suggested as a biochemical indicator in biomonitoring programmes and could be used for future response prediction studies in changing oceans. This review aims to identify the current knowledge and gaps where new research efforts should be focused to better determine the potential feedback of phytoplankton via eCA in the marine carbon cycle in changing oceans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbonic Anhydrase and Biomarker Research 2021)
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