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The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2024) | Viewed by 16534

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Dr. Francesco Baino

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Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: ceramics; glasses; porous materials; additive manufacturing; bioactive glasses; bioceramics; composites; tissue engineering; multifunctional biomaterials; biomedical scaffolds; advanced ceramics; sustainable materials; waste management
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Dr. Maziar Montazerian

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Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Interests: bioactive glasses; dental glass-ceramics; glass science; nucleation and crystallization; scientometrics; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Launched in 2008, Materials has provided readers with high-quality content edited by active researchers in material science for 15 years, by sustainable open access and outstanding editorial service. Today, the published papers receive more than 1,500,000 views per month, with readers in more than 150 countries and regions.

The current Special Issue, "The 15^th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses", is now available. This Special Issue will publish cutting-edge original research articles or state-of-the-art review papers. Our primary focus is on advanced ceramics, glasses, and glass–ceramics. Contributions that aid in the understanding of the fundamental chemical and physical processes that influence ceramic and glass design as well as inspire new or improved processing techniques are encouraged.

This Special Issue will cover oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass–ceramics, coatings, composites, nano-ceramics, and other relevant topics. Top-down and self-assembly technologies as well as nanotechnology, in addition to classical processing techniques, are of interest. Bio-inspired and bio-enabled material designs, experimentally validated multiscale modeling and simulation, and sophisticated chemical and physical synthesis routes, as well as characterization methodologies for structure, characteristics, and performance, are all welcomed. Submissions on low-dimensional technology will also be encouraged for this Special Issue. These may include zero-, one-, and two-dimensional nanomaterials, as well as nanocomposites, nano-hybrids, and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that incorporate molecular, biological, and electronic components. Articles on fundamental scientific topics relevant to the development of advanced ceramics and glasses, such as phase equilibria and transformations, reactivity, transport processes, thermodynamic and electrical properties, and quantum effects in multiscale materials, are also encouraged.

Some research topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Advanced ceramics and glasses;
Electroceramics;
Optical glasses and ceramics;
Ceramics and glasses in energy applications;
Bioceramics (bioinert and bioactive ceramics and glasses, drug delivery systems, bio-imaging, and theranostics);
Functional coatings, composites, and hybrids;
Nanomaterials;
Crystalization and sintering;
Modeling of ceramics and glasses.

Dr. Francesco Baino
Dr. Maziar Montazerian
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

ceramics and glasses
electroceramics
bioceramics
crystalization and sintering
modeling of ceramics and glasses

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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11 pages, 6690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Properties of Gd-Doped Bi₇Fe₃Ti₃O₂₁ Aurivillius-Type Ceramics

by Joanna A. Bartkowska, Diana Szalbot, Jolanta Makowska, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska and Zbigniew Stokłosa

Materials 2024, 17(15), 3760; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153760 - 30 Jul 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 638

Abstract

The magnetic properties of Aurivillius-phase Bi₇Fe₃Ti3O₂₁ (BFT) and Bi_7−xGd_xFe3Ti3O₂₁, where x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 (BGFT), were investigated. Ceramic material undoped (BGF) and doped with Gd³⁺ ions were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. In order to confirm that the obtained materials belong to Aurivillius structures, XRD tests were performed. The XRD results confirmed that both the undoped and the gadolinium-doped materials belong to the Aurivillius phases. The qualitative chemical composition of the obtained materials was confirmed based on EDS tests. The temperature dependences of magnetization and magnetic susceptibility were examined for the ceramic material both undoped and doped with Gd³⁺ ions. The measurements were taken in the temperature range from T = 10 K to T = 300 K. Using Curie’s law, the value of the Curie constant was determined, and on its basis, the number of iron ions that take part in magnetic processes was calculated. The value of Curie constant C = 0.266 K, while the concentration of iron ions Fe³⁺, which influence the magnetic properties of the material, is equal 3.7 mol% (for BFT). Hysteresis loop measurements were also performed at temperatures of T = 10 K, T = 77 K, and T = 300 K. The dependence of magnetization on the magnetic field was described by the Brillouin function, and on its basis, the concentration of Fe³⁺ ions, which are involved in magnetic properties, was also calculated (3.4 mol% for BFT). Tests showed that the material is characterized by magnetic properties at low temperatures. At room temperature (RT), it has paramagnetic properties. It was also found that Gd³⁺ ions improve the magnetic properties of tested material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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20 pages, 6250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Ablation Resistance of TaB₂-Based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics by Mixing Fine TaC Particles and Dispersed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Guangxu Bo, Xiaoke Tian, Huanhuan Li, Luona Ye, Xiaoling Xu, Zhaorui Gu, Jinyong Yan, Xingjian Su and Yunjun Yan

Materials 2024, 17(14), 3394; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143394 - 9 Jul 2024

Viewed by 676

Abstract

Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have been widely applied in many fields. In order to enhance the comprehensive properties of TaB₂-based UHTCs, the first collaborative use of fine TaC particles and dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was employed via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1700 °C. The derived UHTCs exhibited an average grain size of 1.3 μm, a relative density of 98.6%, an elastic modulus of 386.3 GPa, and a nano hardness of 21.7 GPa, leading to a greatly improved oxidation resistance with a lower linear ablation rate at −3.3 × 10⁻² μm/s, and a markedly reinforced ablation resistance with mass ablation rate of −1.3 × 10⁻³ mg/(s·cm²). The enhanced ablation resistance was attributable to the physical pinning effect, sealing effect and self-healing effect. Thus, this study provides a potential strategy for preparation of UHTCs with bettered ablation resistance and physical properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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14 pages, 8413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structure and Spectral Properties of Er³⁺-Doped Bismuth Telluride Near-Infrared Laser Glasses

by Fang Tan, Guoxing Xie, Yuqin Ma, Yunlong Zhang, Binhao Gao, Shunfa Cui, Dexiao Chen, Yumeng Ban and Dechun Zhou

Materials 2024, 17(13), 3292; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133292 - 3 Jul 2024

Viewed by 903

Abstract

TeO₂-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-ZnO laser glasses doped with Er³⁺ were synthesized through an optimized melt-quenching method. The absorption spectra at 808 nm LD pumping were studied. Various spectral tests and data analyses indicate that the maximum fluorescence emission intensity can be obtained when the Er³⁺ doping concentration reaches 2%. In this case, the emission cross-section can reach up to 9.12 × 10⁻²¹ cm² and the gain coefficient at 1.55 μm is 6.17 cm⁻¹. Simultaneously, the sample has a lower phonon energy in the high-frequency band at 1077 cm⁻¹, which reduces the probability of non-radiative relaxation. The calculated energy transfer coefficient C_D-A is 13.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰ cm⁶/s, reflecting the high cross-relaxation probability of Er³⁺ in the sample, which promotes the luminescence of 1.55 μm and favors the emission in the near-infrared region. The comprehensive results demonstrate that the prepared Er³⁺-doped bismuth telluride laser glass can be used as a promising and high-quality gain material for near-infrared lasers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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16 pages, 5938 KiB

Open AccessArticle

UVC Up-Conversion and Vis-NIR Luminescence Examined in SrO-CaO-MgO-SiO₂ Glasses Doped with Pr³⁺

by Olha Bezkrovna, Radosław Lisiecki, Bogusław Macalik and Przemysław Jacek Dereń

Materials 2024, 17(8), 1771; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081771 - 12 Apr 2024

Viewed by 927

Abstract

The application of ultraviolet-C light in the field of surface treatment or photodynamic therapy is highly prospective. In this regard, the stable fluorescent silicate SrO-CaO-MgO-SiO₂-Pr₂O₃ glasses able to effectively convert visible excitation on the ultraviolet praseodymium emission were fabricated and examined. An unusual wide-range visible-to-UVC up-conversion within 240–410 nm has been achieved in Pr³⁺-doped glasses, revealing their potential advantage in different sophisticated disinfection technologies. The integrated emission intensity was studied as a function of light excitation power to assess a mechanism attributed to UVC luminescence. Especially, it was revealed that the multicomponent silicate glass qualities and praseodymium ³P_J excited state peculiarities are favorable to obtaining useful broadband ultraviolet up-converted luminescence. The glass dispersion qualities were determined between 450–2300 nm. The impact of praseodymium concentration on Vis-NIR spectroscopic glass qualities was evaluated employing absorption spectra, emission spectra, and decay curves of luminescence associated with two involved praseodymium excited states. Especially, efficient interionic interactions can be inferred by investigating the decrease in ¹D₂ state experimental lifetime in the heavily doped samples. Examination of absorption spectra as a function of temperature implied that excitation at 445 nm should be quite effective up to T = 625 K. Contrary to this, temperature elevation gives rise to a moderate lowering of the visible praseodymium luminescence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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13 pages, 7655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Annealing Process on Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-B-C-Si-P Amorphous Alloys

by Jili Jia, You Wu, Lingxiang Shi, Ranbin Wang, Wenhui Guo, Hengtong Bu, Yang Shao, Na Chen and Kefu Yao

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061447 - 21 Mar 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1380

Abstract

It is well known that the annealing process plays a key role in tuning the properties of Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys. However, the optimal annealing process for a particular amorphous alloy is often difficult to determine. Here, Fe_81.4B_13.2C_2.8Si_1.8P_0.8 and Fe_82.2B_12.4C_2.8Si_1.8P_0.8 amorphous alloys (denoted as Fe_81.4 and Fe_82.2) were prepared to systematically study the effects of the annealing temperature and time on the soft magnetic properties. The results show that the optimum annealing temperature ranges of the Fe_81.4 and Fe_82.2 amorphous alloys were 623 K to 653 K and 593 K to 623 K, and their coercivity (H_c) values were only 2.0–2.5 A/m and 1.3–2.7 A/m, respectively. Furthermore, a characteristic temperature T_ai was obtained to guide the choosing of the annealing temperature at which the dB_s/dT begins to decrease rapidly. Based on the theory of spontaneous magnetization, the relationship between T_ai and the optimum annealing temperature ranges was analyzed. When the annealing temperature was higher than T_ai, the effect of the internal magnetic field generated by spontaneous magnetization on the relaxation behavior was significantly reduced, and the alloys exhibited excellent soft magnetic properties. It is worth indicating that when annealed at 603 K (slightly higher than T_ai), the Fe_82.2 amorphous alloys exhibited excellent and stable soft magnetic properties even if annealed for a long time. The H_c of Fe_82.2B_12.4C_2.8Si_1.8P_0.8 amorphous alloys was only 1.9 A/m when annealed at 603 K for 330 min. This value of T_ai is expected to provide a suggestion for the proper annealing temperature of other amorphous soft magnetic alloys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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16 pages, 3913 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structure and Luminescent Properties of Niobium-Modified ZnO-B₂O₃:Eu³⁺ Glass

by Reni Iordanova, Margarita Milanova, Aneliya Yordanova, Lyubomir Aleksandrov, Nikolay Nedyalkov, Rositca Kukeva and Petia Petrova

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061415 - 20 Mar 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 959

Abstract

The effect of the addition of Nb₂O₅ (up to 5 mol%) on the structure and luminescent properties of ZnO-B₂O₃ glass doped with 0.5 mol% (1.32 × 10²²) Eu₂O₃ was investigated by applying infrared (IR), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Through differential thermal analysis and density measurements, various physical properties such as molar volume, oxygen packing density and glass transition temperature were determined. IR and Raman spectra revealed that niobium ions enter into the base zinc borate glass structure as NbO₄ tetrahedra and NbO₆ octahedra. A strong red emission from the ⁵D₀ level of Eu³⁺ ions was registered under near UV (392 nm) excitation using the ⁷F₀ → ⁵L₆ transition of Eu³⁺. The integrated fluorescence intensity ratio R (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂/⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁) was calculated to estimate the degree of asymmetry around the active ion, suggesting a location of Eu³⁺ in non-centrosymmetric sites. The higher Eu³⁺ luminescence emission observed in zinc borate glasses containing 1–5 mol% Nb₂O₅ compared to the Nb₂O₅-free zinc borate glass evidences that Nb₂O₅ is an appropriate component for modifying the host glass structure and improving the emission intensity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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30 pages, 10186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Critical Insight into Pretransitional Behavior and Dielectric Tunability of Relaxor Ceramics

by Sylwester J. Rzoska, Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska, Weronika Bulejak, Joanna Łoś, Szymon Starzonek, Mikołaj Szafran and Feng Gao

Materials 2023, 16(24), 7634; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247634 - 13 Dec 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1536

Abstract

This model discussion focuses on links between the unique properties of relaxor ceramics and the basics of Critical Phenomena Physics and Glass Transition Physics. It indicates the significance of uniaxiality for the appearance of mean-field type features near the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition. Pretransitional fluctuations, that are increasing up to the size of a grain and leading to inter-grain, random, local electric fields are responsible for relaxor ceramics characteristics. Their impact yields the pseudospinodal behavior associated with “weakly discontinuous” local phase transitions. The emerging model redefines the meaning of the Burns temperature and polar nanoregions (PNRs). It offers a coherent explanation of “dielectric constant” changes with the “diffused maximum” near the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition, the sensitivity to moderate electric fields (tunability), and the “glassy” dynamics. These considerations are challenged by the experimental results of complex dielectric permittivity studies in a Ba_0.65Sr0.₃₅TiO₃ relaxor ceramic, covering ca. 250 K, from the paraelectric to the “deep” ferroelectric phase. The distortion-sensitive and derivative-based analysis in the paraelectric phase and the surrounding paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition reveal a preference for the exponential scaling pattern for ε(T) changes. This may suggest that Griffith-phase behavior is associated with mean-field criticality disturbed by random local impacts. The preference for the universalistic “critical & activated” evolution of the primary relaxation time is shown for dynamics. The discussion is supplemented by a coupled energy loss analysis. The electric field-related tunability studies lead to scaling relationships describing their temperature changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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12 pages, 4120 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Preparation of Self-Coating Al₂O₃ Bonded SiAlON Porous Ceramics Using Aluminum Dross and Silicon Solid Waste under Ambient Air Atmosphere

by Zhaoyang Liu, Junyang Wang, Zixu Zhao, Qiuyu Yang, Lihang Qin, Kaichen Zhang, Xiangnan Wang, Nan Su, Tianpeng Wen, Lei Yuan and Jingkun Yu

Materials 2023, 16(16), 5679; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165679 - 18 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1241

Abstract

Al₂O₃-bonded SiAlON ceramic with self-coating was prepared using aluminum dross and silicon solid waste as starting materials under ambient air conditions. The changes in phase, microstructure, and physical properties of the ceramic with temperature were analyzed and the formation mechanism of the SiAlON phase was elucidated. The results showed that higher temperature was more suitable for the preparation of SiAlON ceramics. As the temperature increased from 1400 to 1600 °C, the main phases in the ceramic transformed from mullite, Al₂O₃, and SiAlON to Al₂O₃ and SiAlON. An Al₂O₃-rich layer spontaneously coated the surface of the porous ceramic as Al melted and oxidized at high temperature. The thickness of this layer decreased as the temperature increased. The presence of Al₂O₃-rich coating layer impeded air flow, allowing nitriding of Si and Al, and the formation of the SiAlON phase in ambient air conditions. This study not only presents a strategy to successfully recycle aluminum dross and silicon solid waste but also offers a straightforward approach to preparing SiAlON material in air atmosphere. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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12 pages, 1436 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shear Bond Strength between Orthodontic Brackets and Monolithic 4Y-TZP: An In Vitro Study

by Emre Cakir, Ayse Nurcan Duman, Arzu Zeynep Yildirim and Pinar Cevik

Materials 2023, 16(14), 5173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145173 - 23 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2064

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) between metal orthodontic brackets and monolithic zirconia surfaces bonded with resin composite. Fifty monolithic zirconia (4Y-TZP) disks were sintered and glazed. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) for different surface treatments: control, nano second fiber laser, sandblasting, grinding and tribochemical coating (CoJet Sand 30-μm). Metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to monolithic zirconia surface by two-component orthodontic adhesive. After 500 cycles of thermocycling, shear bond strength values were measured by a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data was recorded as MPa and statistically analyzed with One-way ANOVA, Levene’s LSD tests with Bonferroni corrections. The significance level was α = 0.05. The surface topography of one specimen of each group was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistically significant difference was observed among study groups (p = 0.018). The lowest shear bond strength was observed in the control group (3.92 ± 1.9). Tribochemical coating showed the highest bond strength (7.44 ± 2.9), which was statistically different from the control and nano second laser (4.3 ± 1.4) groups but not statistically different from grinding (6.15 ± 3.1) or sandblasting (6.47 ± 3.3). SEM images showed comprehensive results of each surface treatment on monolithic zirconia. All failure modes were recorded as adhesive between the composite resin and monolithic zirconia. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that grinding, sandblasting and tribochemical coating techniques showed clinically acceptable bond strength within the range of 6–8 MPa. These surface treatments can be considered suitable for achieving a durable bond between metal orthodontic brackets and monolithic 4Y-TZP ceramic surfaces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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14 pages, 4736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

W-doped Lanthanum Molybdenum Oxide/Lithium-Sodium-Potassium Carbonate Composite Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Permeation

by Midilane S. Medina, Sabrina G. M. Carvalho, Francisco N. Tabuti, Eliana N. S. Muccillo, Fábio C. Fonseca and Reginaldo Muccillo

Materials 2023, 16(14), 5128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145128 - 20 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1081

Abstract

Single-phase tungsten-doped lanthanum molybdenum oxide (La₂MoWO₉) ceramic powders were synthesized using the complex polymerization technique. Porous ceramic pellets were obtained by thermally removing graphite, which served as a pore former. The porous pellets were then impregnated with molten eutectic lithium-sodium-potassium carbonates. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) images of the external and fracture surfaces of the La₂MoWO₉-(Li,Na,K)₂CO₃ composite dual-phase membrane revealed the percolation of the carbonate mixture through the pores. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements conducted at temperatures below and above the melting point of the eutectic carbonate composition demonstrated the contributions of oxygen and carbonate ions to the ionic conductivity of the dual membrane. The electrical conductivity of the carbonate ions within the membrane was continuously monitored for over 1300 h with negligible degradation, implying that the membrane could be used for long-term monitoring of CO₂ without aging effects. A comparison of FEG-SEM images taken before and after this endurance test suggested minimal fouling, indicating that the membrane could potentially replace similar zirconia- and ceria-based composite membranes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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Review

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27 pages, 9064 KiB

Open AccessReview

Additive Manufacturing of Advanced Ceramics Using Preceramic Polymers

by Jinchen Han, Chang Liu, Robyn L. Bradford-Vialva, Donald A. Klosterman and Li Cao

Materials 2023, 16(13), 4636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134636 - 27 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4049

Abstract

Ceramic materials are used in various industrial applications, as they possess exceptional physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Ceramic structural components, especially those with highly complex structures and shapes, are difficult to fabricate with conventional methods, such as sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The use of preceramic polymers has many advantages, such as excellent processibility, easy shape change, and tailorable composition for fabricating high-performance ceramic components. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an evolving manufacturing technique that can be used to construct complex and intricate structural components. Integrating polymer-derived ceramics and AM techniques has drawn significant attention, as it overcomes the limitations and challenges of conventional fabrication approaches. This review discusses the current research that used AM technologies to fabricate ceramic articles from preceramic feedstock materials, and it demonstrates that AM processes are effective and versatile approaches for fabricating ceramic components. The future of producing ceramics using preceramic feedstock materials for AM processes is also discussed at the end. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Progresses in Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

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