Fluorinated Nanocarbons and Their Applications II

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 5023

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Department of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Humanities, Fahad Bin Sultan University, Tabuk 71454, Saudi Arabia
Interests: materials science; nanomaterials; energy storage and conversion; fuel cells; lithium batteries

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Guest Editor
Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF UME 6296), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, F-63178 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Interests: material characterization; nanostructured materials; nanoscience; carbon nanotubes; carbon nanomaterials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Owing to its high reactivity and high electronegativity, fluorine is a very interesting element, as it can be bonded to any other element. Carbon is one of the few elements to have multiple allotropic forms. The allotropes of carbon can be either amorphous or crystalline. Thus, the combination of fluorine and carbon is unique in chemistry. The reaction leads to fluorocarbons (denoted as CFx). Among the almost limitless possibilities, the carbon/fluorine combination is highly versatile in terms of carbon–fluorine bonding, which makes it a unique association in chemistry. In fact, the C–F bond can be ionic, semi-covalent (i.e., with weakened covalence), or even covalent. The curvature of the (nano)carbonaceous lattice may also affect the type of C–F bonding. The diversity of CFx (where 0 < x < 1) results in numerous applications for energy storage, gas sensing, lubrication solutions, neutron reflectors, as fillers for composites, or as chemical filters.

In general, the use of carbonaceous nanomaterials allows for the enhancement of the desired properties, including electrochemical, tribological, or mechanical properties. Fluorination must be tailored according to the size, specific surface area, and chemistry of the starting nanomaterial.

The present Special Issue focuses on the recent achievements with fluorinated nanomaterials and their applications in various domains, including energy, depollution, filtering, lubrication, and neutron reflectors. The achievements may concern either the applicative properties of nanomaterials or new developments for the synthesis of fluorinated nanomaterials.

Nanocarbons with different dimensionalities (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) and hybridizations are considered in this Special Issue (fullerenes, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanodiscs, graphenes, carbon blacks, porous carbons, diamond, diamane, and diamond-like materials).

Finally, advanced characterization techniques (NEXAFS, XRS, solid-state NMR, EPR, etc.) may be developed to give specific information about C–F bonding and/or structures to explain the applicative properties of nanomaterials. Theoretical calculations are also necessary to achieve such aims.

Dr. Yasser Ahmad
Prof. Dr. Marc Dubois
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fluorination
  • fluorine chemistry
  • nanocarbons
  • nanodiamond
  • graphene
  • nanotubes
  • nanofibers
  • diamane
  • fullerenes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3324 KiB  
Article
Are Non-Six-Membered Ring Defects Formed in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Treated by a Fluorination–Defluorination Process?
by Yoji Omoto, Hiromu Morita, Yoshinori Sato, Tetsuo Nishida, Kenichi Motomiya, Hirokazu Katsui, Takashi Goto and Yoshinori Sato
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061086 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified by introducing non-six-membered ring defects, such as five- and seven-membered rings, have attracted considerable attention because their conductivity is enhanced by increasing the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy level. However, no preparation method exists to [...] Read more.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified by introducing non-six-membered ring defects, such as five- and seven-membered rings, have attracted considerable attention because their conductivity is enhanced by increasing the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy level. However, no preparation method exists to efficiently introduce non-six-membered ring defects into SWCNTs. Herein, we attempt to introduce non-six-membered ring defects into SWCNTs by defect rearrangement of the nanotube framework using a fluorination–defluorination process. Defect-introduced SWCNTs were fabricated from SWCNTs fluorinated at 25 °C for different reaction times. Their structures were evaluated, and their conductivities were measured by operating a temperature program. Structural analysis of the defect-induced SWCNTs using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and visible–near-infrared spectroscopy did not reveal the presence of non-six-membered ring defects in the SWCNTs but indicated the introduction of vacancy defects. Meanwhile, conductivity measurements performed by operating a temperature program showed that the defluorinated SWCNTs prepared from SWCNTs fluorinated for 3 min (deF-RT-3m) exhibited decreased conductivity owing to the adsorption of water molecules to non-six-membered ring defects, thereby implying the possibility of non-six-membered ring defects being introduced into deF-RT-3m. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluorinated Nanocarbons and Their Applications II)
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9 pages, 2471 KiB  
Article
Application of Thermally Fluorinated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes as an Additive to an Li4Ti5O12 Lithium Ion Battery
by Seongmin Ha, Seo Gyeong Jeong, Chaehun Lim, Chung Gi Min and Young-Seak Lee
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060995 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by thermal fluorination to improve dispersibility between MWCNTs and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and were used as additives to compensate for the disadvantages of LTO anode materials with low electronic conductivity. [...] Read more.
In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by thermal fluorination to improve dispersibility between MWCNTs and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and were used as additives to compensate for the disadvantages of LTO anode materials with low electronic conductivity. The degree of fluorination of the MWCNTs was controlled by modifying the reaction time at constant fluorination temperature; the clear structure and surface functional group changes in the MWCNTs due to the degree of fluorination were determined. In addition, the homogeneous dispersion in the LTO was improved due to the strong electronegativity of fluorine. The F-MWCNT conductive additive was shown to exhibit an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In particular, the optimized LTO with added fluorinated MWCNTs not only exhibited a high specific capacity of 104.8 mAh g−1 at 15.0 C but also maintained a capacity of ~116.8 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10.0 C, showing a capacity almost 1.4 times higher than that of LTO with the addition of pristine MWCNTs and an improvement in the electrical conductivity. These results can be ascribed to the fact that the semi-ionic C–F bond of the fluorinated MWCNTs reacts with the Li metal during the charge/discharge process to form LiF, and the fluorinated MWCNTs are converted into MWCNTs to increase the conductivity due to the bridge effect of the conductive additive, carbon black, with LTO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluorinated Nanocarbons and Their Applications II)
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