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Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases II
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Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases II

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 12566

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Vitale

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: plant diseases; phytopathogenic fungi; plant protection; biological control agents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, global climatic changes (GCC) caused by human activities, almost significantly the consumption rates of fossil fuel and deforestation, have progressively caused an increase in CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus a significant global mean temperature. All of these changes cause increasingly devastating repercussions regarding the amount of food resources and their supply. Among these GCC effects, the life cycle and epidemiology of plant pathogens are drastically changing within the same crop season. As a consequence of these phytopathological implications and challenging scenarios, plant protection and disease management should be thoroughly reconsidered, especially for timing of treatments. In this regard, it is noteworthy that some plant disease epidemics are currently having devastating effects on food and forestry heritage losses around the world. A better knowledge of pathogen epidemiology as well as the correct technical placement of control measures could better satisfy the growing interest in strategies that promote a rational and sustainable approach for plant disease management. In the light of above considerations, researchers and technicians are invited to investigate epidemiological (biological) cycles of airborne and soilborne plant pathogens with the aim of ensuring good agricultural productivity, maintaining the effective management of plant diseases and, simultaneously, good economic and environmental sustainability. This Special Issue will underline the performances of new eco-sustainable means of control to increase our knowledge of plant pathologists, international scientific communities, and industries and will provide a better understanding of the mode of action and timing application procedure of control means in different soil–plant systems. At the same time, an early and in-depth understanding of plant disease epidemiology is needed to better anticipate the challenges ahead and to relate directly with disease control strategies.

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Vitale
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • global climatic changes
  • plant pathogens
  • airborne agents
  • soilborne agents
  • sustainable approach
  • biological control agents
  • epidemiology
  • life cycle
  • plant disease management

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 6748 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Five Chrysanthemum morifolium Cultivars against Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata at Rooting and Seedling Growth Stages
by Mayada K. Seliem, Naglaa A. Taha, Nahla I. El-Feky, Khaled Abdelaal, Hassan El-Ramady, Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk and Yousry A. Bayoumi
Plants 2024, 13(2), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020252 - 16 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1307
Abstract
During the winter of 2018, leaf blight on florist’s daisy (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) was noticed in Egypt. The disease, which was identified as caused by Alternaria alternata, was widely spread and led to serious damage for the exportation sector of this [...] Read more.
During the winter of 2018, leaf blight on florist’s daisy (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) was noticed in Egypt. The disease, which was identified as caused by Alternaria alternata, was widely spread and led to serious damage for the exportation sector of this crop. Therefore, a study was conducted to better understand what can be conducted to minimize the problem in the future. Isolates were gathered and evaluated on five chrysanthemum cultivars (i.e., ‘Feeling Green Dark’, ‘Talitha’, ‘Chrystal Regan’, ‘Arctic queen’, and ‘Podolsk Purple’) grown in a greenhouse. The objectives were to isolate and identify the phytopathogen and detect the resistant degree of these cultivars with emphasis on the early growth stages of the crop. The results showed that ‘Podolsk Purple’ was the most resistant cultivar against the different isolates during the rooting and seedling growth stages. ‘Chrystal Regan’ was very susceptible to the different isolates. In addition, the isolate from ‘Feeling Green Dark’ was the strongest, which negatively affected the chlorophyll content and its fluorescence parameters besides other measured vegetative and anatomical features. The findings indicated that the best anatomical characters of the stem and leaf, like the thickness of cuticle and cortex, stem diameter, xylem vessel diameter, and thickness of epidermis as well as lamina thickness were recorded in the ‘Podolsk Purple’ cultivar. This study highlighted that by using the right cultivars, chrysanthemum can be cultivated during the winter season under Egyptian conditions. These results can be a part of solution to overcome the leaf blight caused by A. alternata on chrysanthemum during the early growing stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases II)
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20 pages, 8968 KiB  
Article
Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Stalk and Crown Rot in Maize in Northern Italy
by Martina Sanna, Ilaria Martino, Vladimiro Guarnaccia and Monica Mezzalama
Plants 2023, 12(22), 3857; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223857 - 15 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2057
Abstract
The genus Fusarium includes several agronomically important and toxin-producing species that are distributed worldwide and can cause a wide range of diseases. Crown and stalk rot and grain infections are among the most severe symptoms that Fusarium spp. can cause in maize. Disease [...] Read more.
The genus Fusarium includes several agronomically important and toxin-producing species that are distributed worldwide and can cause a wide range of diseases. Crown and stalk rot and grain infections are among the most severe symptoms that Fusarium spp. can cause in maize. Disease development usually occurs during germination, but it may also affect the later phases of plant growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity and pathogenicity of 41 isolates recovered from symptomatic seedlings collected in Northern Italy and seeds of five different geographical origins in 2019 and 2020. The pathogenicity was tested and confirmed in 23 isolates causing rotting in maize seedlings, with disease indexes from 20% to 90%. A multilocus phylogeny analysis based on four genomic loci (tef1-α, rpb2, calm and tub2) was performed on 23 representative isolates. Representative isolates were identified as species belonging to three species complexes (SC), including Fusarium verticillioides and F. annulatum in the F. fujikuroi SC. Fusarium commune was identified in the F. nisikadoi SC, and three different lineages were found in the Fusarium oxysporum SC. This study reports F. annulatum and two lineages of the Fusarium oxysporum SC as maize pathogens for the first time in Italy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases II)
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13 pages, 3866 KiB  
Article
The Amount of the Rare Sugar Tagatose on Tomato Leaves Decreases after Spray Application under Greenhouse Conditions
by Abdessalem Chahed, Andrea Nesler, Qassim Esmaeel, Essaid Ait Barka and Michele Perazzolli
Plants 2022, 11(20), 2781; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202781 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2286
Abstract
Tagatose is a rare sugar that suppresses plant diseases, such as late blight of tomato, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Tagatose can be metabolized by some microorganisms and no information is available on its persistence on tomato leaves. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Tagatose is a rare sugar that suppresses plant diseases, such as late blight of tomato, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Tagatose can be metabolized by some microorganisms and no information is available on its persistence on tomato leaves. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence of tagatose on tomato leaves under commercial greenhouse conditions. The amount of tagatose on tomato leaves and the inhibitory activity against P. infestans decreased seven days after spray application in the absence of rain wash-off. Potential tagatose-degrading bacteria were isolated from tomato leaves, and they belonged to Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Comamonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Methylobacterium sp., Microbacterium sp., Pantoea sp., Plantibacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Ralstonia sp., Rhodococcus sp., Sphingobium sp., and Sphingomonas sp. Thus, indigenous phyllosphere microorganisms could partially metabolize tagatose laid on plant leaves after spray application, reducing the persistence of this fungal inhibitor on tomato leaves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases II)
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Review

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13 pages, 1730 KiB  
Review
Cassava Witches’ Broom Disease in Southeast Asia: A Review of Its Distribution and Associated Symptoms
by Juan M. Pardo, Khonesavanh Chittarath, Pinkham Vongphachanh, Le Thi Hang, Samoul Oeurn, Warren Arinaitwe, Rafael Rodriguez, Sok Sophearith, Al Imran Malik and Wilmer J. Cuellar
Plants 2023, 12(11), 2217; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112217 - 4 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6117
Abstract
Cassava witches’ broom disease (CWBD) is one of the main diseases of cassava in Southeast Asia (SEA). Affected cassava plants show reduced internodal length and proliferation of leaves (phyllody) in the middle and top part of the plant, which results in reduced root [...] Read more.
Cassava witches’ broom disease (CWBD) is one of the main diseases of cassava in Southeast Asia (SEA). Affected cassava plants show reduced internodal length and proliferation of leaves (phyllody) in the middle and top part of the plant, which results in reduced root yields of 50% or more. It is thought to be caused by phytoplasma; however, despite its widespread distribution in SEA still little is known about CWBD pathology. The overarching goal of this study was to review and corroborate published information on CWBD biology and epidemiology considering recent field observations. We report the following: (1) CWBD symptoms are conserved and persistent in SEA and are distinct from what has been reported as witches’ broom in Argentina and Brazil. (2) In comparison with cassava mosaic disease, another major disease of cassava in SEA, symptoms of CWBD develop later. (3) Phytoplasma detected in CWBD-affected plants belong to different ribosomal groups and there is no association study available indicating phytoplasma as the causing agent of CWBD. These findings are essential clues for designing surveillance and management strategies and for future studies to better understand the biology, tissue localization and spatial spread of CWBD in SEA and other potential risk areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases II)
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