Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.3
3.8
Journals
Viruses
Special Issues
Antivirals Against Influenza
share announcement

Antivirals Against Influenza

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2010) | Viewed by 73828

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Megan Shaw

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Influenza continues to be a major health problem worldwide due to the constant mutation of circulating viruses and the possible emergence of a new influenza virus. This was emphasized by the declaration of an influenza pandemic in 2009 following the introduction of a novel H1N1 virus into the human population. For both seasonal and pandemic influenza, the availability of effective influenza antiviral drugs is critical for both therapeutic and prophylactic use. There are currently two classes of FDA-approved drugs for treating influenza infections. These are the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir) and the M2 ion channel inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine). Widespread resistance to the M2 inhibitors, caused by mutations in the M2 protein, has reduced their effectiveness and consequently neuraminidase inhibitors are usually the recommended therapy. However, rapid emergence of oseltamivir resistance amongst the seasonal H1N1 viruses has given cause for concern and clearly indicates that new drugs and/or new approaches are urgently required.
In this special issue on “Antivirals Against Influenza”, the authors provide perspective on recent studies that address resistance to the current antivirals, options for combination therapies, new antiviral candidates in development and the availability of suitable animal models for ascertaining efficacy.

Dr. Megan Shaw
Guest Editor

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

419 KiB  
Article
Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Testing in Human Influenza Viruses: A Laboratory Surveillance Perspective
by Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo, Katrina Sleeman, Kristina Ballenger, Ha T. Nguyen, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Tiffany G. Sheu, James Smagala, Yan Li, Alexander I. Klimov and Larisa V. Gubareva
Viruses 2010, 2(10), 2269-2289; https://doi.org/10.3390/v2102269 - 13 Oct 2010
Cited by 74 | Viewed by 10238 | Correction
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are vital in managing seasonal and pandemic influenza infections. NAI susceptibilities of virus isolates (n = 5540) collected during the 2008–2009 influenza season were assessed in the chemiluminescent neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assay. Box-and-whisker plot analyses of log-transformed IC50s [...] Read more.
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are vital in managing seasonal and pandemic influenza infections. NAI susceptibilities of virus isolates (n = 5540) collected during the 2008–2009 influenza season were assessed in the chemiluminescent neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assay. Box-and-whisker plot analyses of log-transformed IC50s were performed for each virus type/subtype and NAI to identify outliers which were characterized based on a statistical cutoff of IC50 >3 interquartile ranges (IQR) from the 75th percentile. Among 1533 seasonal H1N1 viruses tested, 1431 (93.3%) were outliers for oseltamivir; they all harbored the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) and were reported as oseltamivir-resistant. Only 15 (0.7%) of pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses tested (n = 2259) were resistant to oseltamivir. All influenza A(H3N2) (n = 834) and B (n = 914) viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir, except for one A(H3N2) and one B virus, with D151V and D197E (D198E in N2 numbering) mutations in the NA, respectively. All viruses tested were sensitive to zanamivir, except for six seasonal A(H1N1) and several A(H3N2) outliers (n = 22) which exhibited cell culture induced mutations at residue D151 of the NA. A subset of viruses (n = 1058) tested for peramivir were sensitive to the drug, with exception of H275Y variants that exhibited reduced susceptibility to this NAI. This study summarizes baseline susceptibility patterns of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, and seeks to contribute towards criteria for defining NAI resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Influenza)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

259 KiB  
Review
Antiviral Strategies for Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza
by Maria Hedlund, Jeffrey L. Larson and Fang Fang
Viruses 2010, 2(8), 1766-1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081766 - 20 Aug 2010
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7830
Abstract
While vaccines are the primary public health response to seasonal and pandemic flu, short of a universal vaccine there are inherent limitations to this approach. Antiviral drugs provide valuable alternative options for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. Here, we will review drugs and [...] Read more.
While vaccines are the primary public health response to seasonal and pandemic flu, short of a universal vaccine there are inherent limitations to this approach. Antiviral drugs provide valuable alternative options for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. Here, we will review drugs and drug candidates against influenza with an emphasis on the recent progress of a host-targeting entry-blocker drug candidate, DAS181, a sialidase fusion protein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Influenza)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

261 KiB  
Review
Animal Models for Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Transmission
by Nicole M. Bouvier and Anice C. Lowen
Viruses 2010, 2(8), 1530-1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/v20801530 - 27 Jul 2010
Cited by 289 | Viewed by 19784
Abstract
Influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. The clinical effects of infection vary with the exposure history, age and immune status of the host, [...] Read more.
Influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. The clinical effects of infection vary with the exposure history, age and immune status of the host, and also the virulence of the influenza strain. In humans, the virus is transmitted through either aerosol or contact-based transfer of infectious respiratory secretions. As is evidenced by most zoonotic influenza virus infections, not all strains that can infect humans are able to transmit from person-to-person. Animal models of influenza are essential to research efforts aimed at understanding the viral and host factors that contribute to the disease and transmission outcomes of influenza virus infection in humans. These models furthermore allow the pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality in the population through amelioration of the virulence or transmissibility of influenza viruses. Mice, ferrets, guinea pigs, cotton rats, hamsters and macaques have all been used to study influenza viruses and therapeutics targeting them. Each model presents unique advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed herein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Influenza)
534 KiB  
Review
Combination Chemotherapy for Influenza
by Elena A. Govorkova and Robert G. Webster
Viruses 2010, 2(8), 1510-1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081510 - 27 Jul 2010
Cited by 64 | Viewed by 17728
Abstract
The emergence of pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in April 2009 and the continuous evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses underscore the urgency of novel approaches to chemotherapy for human influenza infection. Anti-influenza drugs are currently limited to the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and [...] Read more.
The emergence of pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in April 2009 and the continuous evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses underscore the urgency of novel approaches to chemotherapy for human influenza infection. Anti-influenza drugs are currently limited to the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir) and to M2 ion channel blockers (amantadine and rimantadine), although resistance to the latter class develops rapidly. Potential targets for the development of new anti-influenza agents include the viral polymerase (and endonuclease), the hemagglutinin, and the non-structural protein NS1. The limitations of monotherapy and the emergence of drug-resistant variants make combination chemotherapy the logical therapeutic option. Here we review the experimental data on combination chemotherapy with currently available agents and the development of new agents and therapy targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Influenza)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

102 KiB  
Review
siRNA for Influenza Therapy
by Sailen Barik
Viruses 2010, 2(7), 1448-1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/v2071448 - 9 Jul 2010
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 11892
Abstract
Influenza virus is one of the most prevalent and ancient infections in humans. About a fifth of world's population is infected by influenza virus annually, leading to high morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised. In the US alone, [...] Read more.
Influenza virus is one of the most prevalent and ancient infections in humans. About a fifth of world's population is infected by influenza virus annually, leading to high morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised. In the US alone, influenza outbreaks lead to roughly 30,000 deaths each year. Current vaccines and anti-influenza drugs are of limited use due to high mutation rate of the virus and side effects. In recent years, RNA interference, triggered by synthetic short interfering RNA (siRNA), has rapidly evolved as a potent antiviral regimen. Properly designed siRNAs have been shown to function as potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication. The siRNAs outperform traditional small molecule antivirals in a number of areas, such as ease of design, modest cost, and fast turnaround. Although specificity and tissue delivery remain major bottlenecks in the clinical applications of RNAi in general, intranasal application of siRNA against respiratory viruses including, but not limited to influenza virus, has experienced significant success and optimism, which is reviewed here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Influenza)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

67 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Okomo-Adhiambo, M. et al. Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Testing in Human Influenza Viruses: A Laboratory Surveillance Perspective. Viruses 2010, 2, 2269-2289
by Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo, Katrina Sleeman, Kristina Ballenger, Ha T. Nguyen, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Tiffany G. Sheu, James Smagala, Yan Li, Alexander I. Klimov and Larisa V. Gubareva
Viruses 2011, 3(8), 1415-1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081415 - 12 Aug 2011
Viewed by 5647
Abstract
The authors would like to make the following corrections to their published paper: There was an error in calculation of IC50 fold changes for the NAI-resistant viruses reported in Table 1 of the above-mentioned paper. The corrected values are marked in the [...] Read more.
The authors would like to make the following corrections to their published paper: There was an error in calculation of IC50 fold changes for the NAI-resistant viruses reported in Table 1 of the above-mentioned paper. The corrected values are marked in the updated Table 1 below. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Influenza)
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-6
Back to TopTop