Nutrients

14 pages, 1360 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

by Thu Huong Nguyen, Laura Pletsch-Borba, Peter H. Feindt, Caroline S. Stokes, Anne Pohrt, Nina M. T. Meyer, Charlotte Wernicke, Miriam Sommer-Ballarini, Konstantina Apostolopoulou, Silke Hornemann, Tilman Grune, Tilman Brück, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Joachim Spranger and Knut Mai

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3044; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173044 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1668

Abstract

Despite beneficial cardiovascular effects, substantial long-term modulation of food pattern could only be achieved in a limited number of participants. The impact of attitude towards healthy nutrition (ATHN) on successful modulation of dietary behavior is unclear, especially in the elderly. We aimed to [...] Read more.

Despite beneficial cardiovascular effects, substantial long-term modulation of food pattern could only be achieved in a limited number of participants. The impact of attitude towards healthy nutrition (ATHN) on successful modulation of dietary behavior is unclear, especially in the elderly. We aimed to analyze whether the personal ATHN influences 12-month adherence to two different dietary intervention regimes within a 36-month randomized controlled trial. Methods: 502 subjects were randomized to an intervention group (IG; dietary pattern focused on high intake of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), plant protein and fiber) or control group (CG; dietary recommendation in accordance with the German Society of Nutrition) within a 36-month dietary intervention trial. Sum scores for effectiveness, appreciation and practice of healthy nutrition were assessed using ATHN questionnaire during the trial (n = 344). Linear regression models were used to investigate associations between ATHN and dietary patterns at baseline and at month 12. Results: Retirement, higher education level, age and lower body mass index (BMI) were associated with higher ATHN sum scores. ATHN was similar in CG and IG. Higher baseline intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and fiber as well as lower intake in saturated fatty acids (SFA) were associated with higher scores in practice in both groups. The intervention resulted in a stronger increase of UFA, protein and fiber in the IG after 12 months, while intake of SFA declined (p < 0.01). Higher scores in appreciation were significantly associated with higher intake of fiber and lower intake of SFA in the CG at month 12, whereas no associations between ATHN and macronutrient intake were observed in the IG after 12 months. Conclusions: While ATHN appeared to play a role in general dietary behavior, ATHN did not affect the success of the specific dietary intervention in the IG at month 12. Thus, the dietary intervention achieved a substantial modification of dietary pattern in the IG and was effective to override the impact of the individual ATHN on dietary behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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16 pages, 5865 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carotenoids from Different Pumpkin Varieties Exert a Cytotoxic Effect on Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

by Nicola Pinna, Federica Ianni, Carmela Conte, Michela Codini, Raffaella di Vito, Stefania Urbani, Roberto Selvaggini, Lina Cossignani and Francesca Blasi

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3043; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173043 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1167

Abstract

Plants, including pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.), are an interesting source of nutrients and bioactives with various health benefits. In this research, carotenoid extracts obtained from the pulp of eight pumpkin varieties, belonging to the C. moschata and C. maxima species, were tested for [...] Read more.

Plants, including pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.), are an interesting source of nutrients and bioactives with various health benefits. In this research, carotenoid extracts obtained from the pulp of eight pumpkin varieties, belonging to the C. moschata and C. maxima species, were tested for cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The results showed that pumpkin bioactives exert a cytotoxic action against the tested cells, in particular Butternut extract at a 100 μM (53.69 μg/mL) concentration after 24 h of treatment and Mantovana extract at 50 μM (26.84 μg/mL) after 48 h. Moreover, the carotenoid extracts also showed interesting in vitro antioxidant activity, evaluated by ABTS and ORAC assays. To fully characterize the qualitative and quantitative profile of carotenoids in the tested extracts, a high-performance chromatographic technique was performed, revealing that pumpkin pulp carotenoids were mainly represented by β-carotene, mono- and di-esterified hydroxy- and epoxy-carotenoids. Moreover, the carotenoid dataset was also useful for discriminating samples from two different species. In conclusion, the results of the present study highlight the potential anti-cancer activity of pumpkin carotenoid extracts and the possibility of using them as chemotherapeutic adjuvants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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15 pages, 6483 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 Enhanced the Expression of Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion Transporter in Mice

by Shunsuke Nei, Tatsuya Matsusaki, Hibiki Kawakubo, Kenjirou Ogawa, Kazuo Nishiyama, Chuluunbat Tsend-Ayush, Tomoki Nakano, Masahiko Takeshita, Takuo Shinyama and Masao Yamasaki

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3042; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173042 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 993

Abstract

ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is responsible for the excretion of foreign substances, such as uric acid (UA) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), from the body. Given the importance of increased ABCG2 expression in UA excretion, we investigated the enhancement of [...] Read more.

ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is responsible for the excretion of foreign substances, such as uric acid (UA) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), from the body. Given the importance of increased ABCG2 expression in UA excretion, we investigated the enhancement of intestinal ABCG2 expression using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 (LP06CC2). Mice were reared on a potassium oxonate-induced high-purine model at doses of 0.02% or 0.1% LP06CC2 for three weeks. Results showed that LP06CC2 feeding resulted in increased ABCG2 expression in the small intestine. The expression level of large intestinal ABCG2 also showed a tendency to increase, suggesting upregulation of the intestinal excretion transporter ABCG2 by LP06CC2. Overall, LP06CC2 treatment increased fecal UA excretion and showed a trend towards increased fecal excretion of IS, suggesting that LP06CC2 treatment enhanced the expression of intestinal ABCG2, thereby promoting the excretion of UA and other substances from the intestinal tract. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management in Kidney Disease)

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1 pages, 147 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Yokoi et al. Erythritol Can Inhibit the Expression of Senescence Molecules in Mouse Gingival Tissues and Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4050

by Haruna Yokoi, Masae Furukawa, Jingshu Wang, Yu Aoki, Resmi Raju, Yoriko Ikuyo, Mitsuyoshi Yamada, Yosuke Shikama and Kenji Matsushita

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3041; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173041 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 616

Abstract

Upon review, we have identified an error in the human TNF-α primer sequence reported in Table 1 of our paper titled “Erythritol can inhibit the expression of senescence molecules in mouse gingival tissues and human gingival fibroblasts” [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Carbohydrates)

9 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Diet Quality and Metabolic Syndrome among Older African American Women

by Alex Grant, Chiranjeev Dash and Lucile L. Adams-Campbell

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3040; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173040 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1225

Abstract

Diet is a modifiable lifestyle factor that could impact the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components. MetS prevalence is high and diet quality is suboptimal among older African American women. MetS has been associated with many individual food groups, however, emerging [...] Read more.

Diet is a modifiable lifestyle factor that could impact the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components. MetS prevalence is high and diet quality is suboptimal among older African American women. MetS has been associated with many individual food groups, however, emerging research suggests that analyzing overall diet quality provides insight into the synergistic effects of food groups on health outcomes. In the current cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between diet quality and MetS, and investigated associations between diet quality and MetS components among older African American women. This study was based on 357 African American women between 45 and 65 years from the NHANES 2011–2018 datasets. This analysis utilized the NCEP ATP III (2001) criteria for women to diagnose MetS. MetS was dichotomized in addition to a MetS z-score being calculated for each participant using a sex- and race-specific equation. Participants’ diet quality was measured using the HEI-2015. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between HEI-2015 diet quality and metabolic syndrome and its components. 65% of African American women aged 45–65 in the NHANES 2011–2018 had MetS. Study participants had an average HEI-2015 score of 55.4 out of 100. As HEI-2015 quartiles increased, the mean MetS z-score decreased (p-value: 0.0011). Age-adjusted models demonstrated statistically significant inverse relationships between HEI-2015 and waist circumference (β: −0.217; 95% CI: −0.372, −0.063), systolic blood pressure (β: −0.215; 95% CI: −0.359, −0.072), blood glucose (β: −0.344; 95% CI: −0.681, −0.0066), and triglycerides (β: −0.652; 95% CI: −1.05, −0.251). Significant associations could not be established between MetS and diet quality, assessed with the HEI-2015, among African American women aged 45–65 enrolled in NHANES 2011–2018. However, statistically significant relationships were observed between increased HEI-2015 scores and lowered risks of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and systolic hypertension. The findings of this study affirm the necessity of public health strategies to improve diet quality among African-American women which could help to reduce their risks of chronic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)

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19 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet Has Similar Efficiency as Low FODMAP in IBS—A Randomized Non-Inferiority Study

by Bodil Roth, Mohamed Nseir, Håkan Jeppsson, Mauro D’Amato, Kristina Sundquist and Bodil Ohlsson

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3039; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173039 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 9711

Abstract

A diet with low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) is established treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with well-documented efficiency. A starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) has shown similar promising effects. The primary aim of this randomized, non-inferiority [...] Read more.

A diet with low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) is established treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with well-documented efficiency. A starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) has shown similar promising effects. The primary aim of this randomized, non-inferiority study was to test SSRD against low FODMAP and compare the responder rates (RR = ∆Total IBS-SSS ≥ −50) to a 4-week dietary intervention of either diet. Secondary aims were to estimate responders of ≥100 score and 50% reduction; effects on extraintestinal symptoms; saturation; sugar craving; anthropometric parameters; and blood pressure. 155 IBS patients were randomized to SSRD (n = 77) or low FODMAP (n = 78) for 4 weeks, with a follow-up 5 months later without food restrictions. The questionnaires Rome IV, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS) were completed at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks and 6 months. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressures were measured. Comparisons were made within the groups and between changes in the two groups. There were no differences between groups at baseline. The responder rate of SSRD was non-inferior compared with low FODMAPs at week 2 (79.2% vs. 73.1%; p = 0.661;95% confidence interval (CI) = −20–7.2) and week 4 (79.2% vs. 78.2%; p = 1.000;95%CI = −14–12). Responder rate was still high when defined stricter. All gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms were equally improved (p < 0.001 in most variables). SSRD rendered greater reductions in weight (p = 0.006), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.005), and sugar craving (p = 0.05), whereas waist circumference and blood pressure were equally decreased. Weight and BMI were regained at follow-up. In the SSRD group, responders at 6 months still had lowered weight (−0.7 (−2.5–0.1) vs. 0.2 (−0.7–2.2) kg; p = 0.005) and BMI (−0.25 (−0.85–0.03) vs. 0.07 (−0.35–0.77) kg/m²; p = 0.009) compared with baseline in contrast to non-responders. Those who had tested both diets preferred SSRD (p = 0.032). In conclusion, a 4-week SSRD intervention was non-inferior to low FODMAP regarding responder rates of gastrointestinal IBS symptoms. Furthermore, strong reductions of extraintestinal symptoms were found in both groups, whereas reductions in weight, BMI, and sugar craving were most pronounced following SSRD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)

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15 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Yoon Sun Kim and Hyun Ja Kim

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3038; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173038 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 892

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, health behaviors, and self-perceived health status using data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The subjects included in this analysis were 57,302 [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, health behaviors, and self-perceived health status using data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The subjects included in this analysis were 57,302 Korean adolescents from the 7th to 12th grades. The intake patterns of water and SSBs were categorized into four groups: Group I, adequate water intake (≥4 cups/day) and low frequency of SSB intake (≤1–2 times/week); Group II, adequate water intake and high frequency of SSB intake; Group III, inadequate water intake (<4 cups/day) and low frequency of SSB intake; Group IV, inadequate water intake and high frequency of SSB intake (≥3 times/week). Complex sample analyses were used for considering strata, clusters, and weights for samples. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics between the water and SSB intake groups. As grade levels increased or if students were female, there was a significant increase in the proportion of students characterized by low water intake and high consumption of SSB. Adolescents with healthier beverage habits, characterized by adequate water intake and low frequency of SSB consumption (Group I), generally abstained from smoking and alcohol, were more physically active, and maintained a desirable diet, reporting a better perceived health status. In contrast, those with higher SSB consumption and inadequate water intake (Group IV) were more likely to perceive their health as poor, with higher rates of smoking and alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, and poorer dietary habits compared to Group I. In conclusion, adolescents with desirable beverage consumption habits differed by sex and grade and they reported positive health behaviors and better overall health status. This suggests that there is a need for more active education and intervention in schools and families, as well as increased efforts by adolescents to promote healthy beverage habits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Policies and Education for Health Promotion)

12 pages, 1483 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Quality of Life in Elderly Patients in Comprehensive Conservative Management or Hemodialysis: A Case–Control Study in Analogous Basal Conditions

by Francesca K. Martino, Daniela Campo, Lucia Federica Stefanelli, Alessandra Zattarin, Daria Piccolo, Martina Cacciapuoti, Marco Bogo, Dorella Del Prete, Federico Nalesso and Lorenzo A. Calò

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3037; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173037 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1065

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Comprehensive conservative management (CCM) is a viable treatment option for elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, it involves a significant change in dietary habits, such as adopting a low-protein diet. Therefore, it is crucial to understand its impact on the [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Comprehensive conservative management (CCM) is a viable treatment option for elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, it involves a significant change in dietary habits, such as adopting a low-protein diet. Therefore, it is crucial to understand its impact on the patient’s quality of life (QoL), particularly when compared to hemodialysis (HD). The study aims to evaluate the differences in the QoL between patients undergoing CCM and HD. Methods: The study included 50 patients over 75 with ESKD, with 25 patients in the CCM group and 25 in the HD group. The CCM group followed a personalized low-protein diet, while the HD group did not have protein restrictions. Various parameters were assessed, including demographic data, urine output, blood tests, comorbidity index, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and hospitalization. The SF-12 questionnaire assessed the QoL, and the Physical Composite Score (PCS) and Mental Composite Score (MCS) were calculated. Results: The study revealed no age and comorbidity index differences between CCM and HD patients. In contrast, CCM patients reported significantly better physical and mental well-being than HD patients. In univariate analysis, CCM (B 0.24, p = 0.001), protein intake (B −0.004, p = 0.008), hospitalization (B −0.18, p = 0.024), urine output (B 0.25, p = 0.001), and VAS (B −0.26, p < 0.001) influenced the PCS. At the same time, only the type of treatment (B = 0.15, p = 0.048), urine output (B 0.18, p = 0.02), and VAS (B −0.14, p = 0.048) influence the MCS. In contrast, in multivariate analysis, only CCM contributed to an improved PCS (B 0.19, p = 0.003) and MCS (B 0.16, p = 0.03), while a higher VAS worsened the PCS (B −0.24, p < 0.001) and MCS (B −0.157, p = 0.0024). Conclusions: In elderly patients with similar basal conditions, health-related QoL perception is better in CCM than in HD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

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9 pages, 1145 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food-Protein-Induced Proctocolitis in Pre-Term Newborns with Bloody Stools in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

by Enza D’Auria, Francesco Cavigioli, Miriam Acunzo, Paola Azzurra La Verde, Anna Di Gallo, Carolina Piran, Lodovico Sterzi, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti and Gianluca Lista

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3036; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173036 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 987

Abstract

The bloody stools of newborns may be a clue for several clinical entities of varying severity, ranging from idiopathic neonatal transient colitis to food-protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Distinguishing among them at an early stage is challenging but crucial, as [...] Read more.

The bloody stools of newborns may be a clue for several clinical entities of varying severity, ranging from idiopathic neonatal transient colitis to food-protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Distinguishing among them at an early stage is challenging but crucial, as the treatments and prognoses are different. We conducted a monocentric retrospective study including all pre-term infants with bloody stools admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital (Milan) from December 2022 to May 2024. Patients diagnosed with NEC exhibited significantly lower eosinophil counts and higher procalcitonin levels than both patients with FPIAP and patients with idiopathic neonatal transient colitis, as well as a statistically significant increase in pathological features from abdomen ultrasounds and abdominal X-rays. In contrast, no lab markers or imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be useful in distinguishing between idiopathic neonatal transient colitis and FPIAP. Thus, after excluding a diagnosis of NEC, the only way to confirm FPIAP is through the oral food challenge, which can be performed in premature newborns presenting with bloody stools who are otherwise healthy and under medical supervision, in order to identify infants who may benefit from a cow’s-milk-free diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity in Early Childhood)

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13 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Muscle Mass and Malnutrition in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria and Comparing Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Computed Tomography Measurements

by Daniel de Luis Roman, Juan José López Gómez, Marife Muñoz, David Primo, Olatz Izaola and Israel Sánchez

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3035; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173035 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1615

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the discrepancies between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT) in assessing skeletal muscle mass and identifying low muscle mass in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: This study recruited 137 patients with colorectal [...] Read more.

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the discrepancies between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT) in assessing skeletal muscle mass and identifying low muscle mass in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: This study recruited 137 patients with colorectal cancer from February 2028 to December 2023. CT scans were analyzed at the Lumbar 3 vertebral level to determine the area of skeletal muscle, which was then utilized to estimate whole-body skeletal muscle mass. [BIA] was also employed to measure skeletal muscle. Both skeletal muscle mass values [kg] were divided by height² [m²] to calculate the skeletal muscle index [SMI, kg/m²], denoted as SMI-CT and SMI-BIA, respectively. Results: The median age was 69.8 + 9.5 years, with the sex ratio being 88/49 [male/female]. Whereas more than one-third of the patients were classified as malnourished based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition GLIM-CT criteria using L3-SMI [n = 36.5%], fewer patients were classified as malnourished based on GLIM-BIA using SMI-BIA [n = 19.0%]. According to the CT analysis [low SMI-L3], 52 [38.0%] patients were diagnosed as having poor muscle mass, whereas only 18 [13.1%] patients were identified as having low muscle mass using BIA [low SMIBIA]. The measured SMI showed a positive association with SMI-CT in all patients [r = 0.63, p < 0.001]. Using Bland–Altman evaluation, a significant mean bias of 0.45 + 1.41 kg/m² [95% CI 0.21–0.70; p < 0.001] between SMI-BIA and SMI-CT was reported. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to detect poor muscle mass using SMI-BIA with CT as the gold standard. The area under the curve (AUC) for SMI-BIA in identifying poor muscle mass was 0.714 (95% CI: 0.624–0.824), with a good cut-off value of 8.1 kg/m², yielding a sensitivity of 68.3% and a specificity of 66.9%. Conclusions: BIA generally overestimates skeletal muscle mass in colorectal cancer patients when contrasted to CT. As a result, BIA may underestimate the prevalence of poor muscle mass and malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria in this patient population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight on Nutrition and Colorectal Cancer)

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16 pages, 933 KiB

Open AccessReview

Development and Management of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Food Neophobia in Pediatric Patients with Food Allergy: A Comprehensive Review

by Rita Nocerino, Caterina Mercuri, Vincenzo Bosco, Vincenza Giordano, Silvio Simeone, Assunta Guillari and Teresa Rea

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3034; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173034 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1316

Abstract

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) and food neophobia present significant challenges in pediatric healthcare, particularly among children with food allergies (FAs). These eating disorders, characterized by the persistent avoidance or restriction of food, can lead to severe nutritional deficiencies and psychosocial impairments. The [...] Read more.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) and food neophobia present significant challenges in pediatric healthcare, particularly among children with food allergies (FAs). These eating disorders, characterized by the persistent avoidance or restriction of food, can lead to severe nutritional deficiencies and psychosocial impairments. The presence of FAs further complicates these eating behaviors, as the fear of allergic reactions exacerbates avoidance and restrictive patterns. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on ARFID and food neophobia, focusing on their definitions, characteristics, and the unique challenges they present in the context of FAs. The review explores the critical role of healthcare professionals, especially nurses, in integrating psychological and clinical care to improve outcomes for affected children. A multidisciplinary approach, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Family-Based Therapy (FBT), is emphasized as essential in addressing the complex needs of these patients. The review also highlights the need for standardized treatment protocols and further research on the long-term outcomes of these disorders, aiming to enhance therapeutic strategies and family support systems. Effective management of ARFID and food neophobia in the context of FAs requires a holistic and integrated approach to mitigate the profound impacts on a child’s growth, development, and overall well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)

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32 pages, 2124 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pharmacological Features and Therapeutic Implications of Plumbagin in Cancer and Metabolic Disorders: A Narrative Review

by Bhoomika Sharma, Chitra Dhiman, Gulam Mustafa Hasan, Anas Shamsi and Md. Imtiyaz Hassan

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3033; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173033 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1636

Abstract

Plumbagin (PLB) is a naphthoquinone extracted from Plumbago indica. In recent times, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential importance of naphthoquinones, both natural and artificial, in the pharmacological world. Numerous studies have indicated that PLB plays a [...] Read more.

Plumbagin (PLB) is a naphthoquinone extracted from Plumbago indica. In recent times, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential importance of naphthoquinones, both natural and artificial, in the pharmacological world. Numerous studies have indicated that PLB plays a vital role in combating cancers and other disorders. There is substantial evidence indicating that PLB may have a significant role in the treatment of breast cancer, brain tumours, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other conditions. Moreover, its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties offer promising avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A number of studies have identified various pathways that may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of PLB. These include cell cycle regulation, apoptotic pathways, ROS induction pathways, inflammatory pathways, and signal transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, STAT3/PLK1/AKT, and others. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the diverse pharmacological roles of PLB, examining the mechanisms through which it operates and exploring its potential applications in various medical conditions. In addition, we have conducted a review of the various formulations that have been reported in the literature with the objective of enhancing the efficacy of the compound. However, the majority of the reviewed data are based on in vitro and in vivo studies. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the safety and efficacy of PLB in humans and to ascertain its potential integration into therapeutic regimens for cancer and chronic diseases, rigorous clinical trials are essential. Finally, by synthesizing current research and identifying gaps in knowledge, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of PLB and its therapeutic prospects, paving the way for future studies and clinical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anticancer Activities of Dietary Phytochemicals)

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15 pages, 777 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Sex Hormone Dysregulation on Reproduction and Growth in Male Adolescents and Beneficial Foods

by Seong-Hee Ko

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173032 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1471

Abstract

Heat stress due to climate warming can significantly affect the synthesis of sex hormones in male adolescents, which can impair the ability of the hypothalamus to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, which leads to a decrease in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating [...] Read more.

Heat stress due to climate warming can significantly affect the synthesis of sex hormones in male adolescents, which can impair the ability of the hypothalamus to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, which leads to a decrease in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which ultimately negatively affects spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis. For optimal spermatogenesis, the testicular temperature should be 2–6 °C lower than body temperature. Heat stress directly affects the testes, damaging them and reducing testosterone synthesis. Additionally, chronic heat stress abnormally increases the level of aromatase in Leydig cells, which increases estradiol synthesis while decreasing testosterone, leading to an imbalance of sex hormones and spermatogenesis failure. Low levels of testosterone in male adolescents lead to delayed puberty and incomplete sexual maturation, negatively affect height growth and bone mineral density, and can lead to a decrease in lean body mass and an increase in fat mass. In order for male adolescents to acquire healthy reproductive capacity, it is recommended to provide sufficient nutrition and energy, avoid exposure to heat stress, and provide foods and supplements to prevent or repair testosterone reduction, germ cell damage, and sperm count reduction caused by heat stress so that they can enter a healthy adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Critical Role of Nutrition in Aging-Related Hormonal Changes and Metabolic Diseases)

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15 pages, 3356 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dietary Pentadecanoic Fatty Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in SAMP1/YitFc Mice

by Drishtant Singh, Paola Mehghini, Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios, Luca Di Martino, Fabio Cominelli and Abigail Raffner Basson

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3031; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173031 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1472

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Dietary fats have been linked to the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely, Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: This study investigated the impact of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), a type of an odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acid, for its [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Dietary fats have been linked to the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely, Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: This study investigated the impact of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), a type of an odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acid, for its potential anti-inflammatory properties in different mouse models of experimental IBD using the SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mouse line (14- or 24-week-old), including chronic ileitis and DSS-induced colitis. To quantitively assess the effect of C:15, we tested two dosages of C:15 in selected experiments in comparison to control mice. Intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability were used as primary outcomes. Results: In ileitis, C:15 supplementation showed an anti-inflammatory effect in SAMP mice (e.g., a reduction in ileitis severity vs. control p < 0.0043), which was reproducible when mice were tested in the DSS model of colitis (e.g., reduced permeability vs. control p < 0.0006). Of relevance, even the short-term C:15 therapy prevented colitis in mice by maintaining body weight, decreasing inflammation, preserving gut integrity, and alleviating colitis signs. Conclusions: Collectively, the findings from both ileitis and colitis in SAMP mice indicate that C:15 may have therapeutic effects in the treatment of IBD (colitis in the short term). This promising effect has major translational potential for the alleviation of IBD in humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Lipids)

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14 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Emotional Eating in Children from the Perspective of Parents: Psychometric Properties of the Parent Version of the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents

by Emma Summers and Christine A. Limbers

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3030; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173030 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 836

Abstract

Background: Emotional eating is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including elevated weight status. Currently, there is not a well-validated parent-report measure of emotional eating for young children. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the 10-item parent version of the [...] Read more.

Background: Emotional eating is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including elevated weight status. Currently, there is not a well-validated parent-report measure of emotional eating for young children. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the 10-item parent version of the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) Short-Form. Methods: The participants were 207 parents and 144 children from the southern United States. They completed the parent- and child-report EES-C Short-Form and responded to measures related to child eating behaviors, mood, and gratitude. Results: The parent-report EES-C Short-Form demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94). Test–retest reliability was also supported, as evidenced by a medium correlation (ICC = 0.56, p < 0.001) between parent-rated emotional eating across two time points. Additionally, the measure demonstrated a significant correlation with a scale of emotional overeating (r = 0.25, p < 0.001)—a theoretically related construct. Supporting discriminant validity, the measure was not significantly related to a measure of parent-reported gratitude (r = 0.07, p = 0.30). A unidimensional model provided good fit for the data (CFI = 0.997, SRMR = 0.046). Conclusions: The results from the current study provide preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the parent version of the EES-C Short-Form. For the purpose of screening children in school or primary care settings, the EES-C Short-Form may be practical and helpful in identifying children who may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes or more-severe eating disorder pathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Compulsive Eating, Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity: From Prevention to Treatment)

10 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Deficiency after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Associates with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Study

by Sonu Bae, Laura C. Schmitt, Zachary Burnett, Eric M. Milliron, Parker A. Cavendish, Robert A. Magnussen, Christopher C. Kaeding, David C. Flanigan and Tyler Barker

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173029 - 8 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1149

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤ 20 ng/mL) associates with the increased occurrence and shortened time to a knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤ 20 ng/mL) associates with the increased occurrence and shortened time to a knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: This study consisted of a retrospective, case-control design. The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) patients (≥18 y) who underwent arthroscopic ACLR with (cases; n = 28) and without (controls; n = 56) a subsequent knee OA diagnosis (≥90 d from the date of ACLR) and (2) with a documented serum 25(OH)D concentration after ACLR (and before a knee OA diagnosis for the cases). Controls were matched (2:1) to cases based on sex, age at ACLR, date of ACLR, and body mass index. After matching, patients were separated into two groups: (1) vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL) or (2) non-vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D > 20 ng/mL). Data were extracted from the medical records. Results: Thirty-one percent (n = 26) of patients included were vitamin D deficient. Fifty percent (n = 13) of the vitamin D deficient and twenty-six percent (n = 15) of the non-vitamin D deficient patients were subsequently diagnosed with knee OA (p = 0.03). Time from ACLR to a knee OA diagnosis was significantly (p = 0.02) decreased in the vitamin D deficient (OA-free interval, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9 to 10.9 y) compared to the non-vitamin D deficient group (OA-free interval, 95% CI = 10.5 to 12.5 y). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency after ACLR may serve as a prognostic biomarker for knee OA following ACLR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamins and Human Health: 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barriers and Enablers for Equitable Healthy Food Access in Baltimore Carryout Restaurants: A Qualitative Study in Healthy Food Priority Areas

by Shuxian Hua, Vicky Vong, Audrey E. Thomas, Yeeli Mui and Lisa Poirier

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3028; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173028 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1329

Abstract

Black neighborhoods in the U.S., historically subjected to redlining, face inequitable access to resources necessary for health, including healthy food options. This study aims to identify the enablers and barriers to promoting equitable healthy food access in small, independently owned carryout restaurants in [...] Read more.

Black neighborhoods in the U.S., historically subjected to redlining, face inequitable access to resources necessary for health, including healthy food options. This study aims to identify the enablers and barriers to promoting equitable healthy food access in small, independently owned carryout restaurants in under-resourced neighborhoods to address health disparities. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with restaurant owners in purposively sampled neighborhoods within Healthy Food Priority Areas (HFPAs) from March to August 2023. The qualitative data were analyzed using inductive coding and thematic analysis with Taguette software (Version 1.4.1). Four key thematic domains emerged: interpersonal, sociocultural, business, and policy drivers. Owners expressed mixed perspectives on customers’ preferences for healthy food, with some perceiving a community desire for healthier options, while others did not. Owners’ care for the community and their multicultural backgrounds were identified as potential enablers for tailoring culturally diverse menus to meet the dietary needs and preferences of their clientele. Conversely, profit motives and cost-related considerations were identified as barriers to purchasing and promoting healthy food. Additionally, owners voiced concerns about taxation, policy and regulation, information access challenges, and investment disparities affecting small business operations in HFPAs. Small restaurant businesses in under-resourced neighborhoods face both opportunities and challenges in enhancing community health and well-being. Interventions and policies should be culturally sensitive, provide funding, and offer clearer guidance to help these businesses overcome barriers and access resources needed for an equitable, healthy food environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Food Security for All: A Step towards the Future)

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16 pages, 917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Hypertension Risk: A Deep Dive into Cereal Consumption and Cooking Methods—Insights from China

by Yingyu Huang, Yang Ao, Xuzhi Wan, Xiaohui Liu, Jianxin Yao, Hao Ye, Anli Wang, Pan Zhuang, Jingjing Jiao and Yu Zhang

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3027; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173027 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1046

Abstract

Background: Cereal grains are rich in carbohydrates and could trigger a hyperglycemic response which is closely linked to blood pressure status. We aim to examine the associations between the consumption of cereals with different cooking methods and hypertension risk. Methods: We conducted a [...] Read more.

Background: Cereal grains are rich in carbohydrates and could trigger a hyperglycemic response which is closely linked to blood pressure status. We aim to examine the associations between the consumption of cereals with different cooking methods and hypertension risk. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis utilizing the nationwide data of 11,080 adult participants who were free of hypertension at baseline. Cereal intake was assessed using 3-day 24 h dietary recalls with a weighing technique. Hypertension incidence was identified in adherence with the Seventh Joint National Commission guidelines during the follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to extrapolate hazard ratios associated with hypertension risk. Results: Over an average follow-up span of 7 years (77,560 person-years), we identified 3643 new hypertension cases. The intake of total, fried, and baked cereals was associated with 15%, 20%, and 20% higher risk of hypertension, respectively. Whole grain consumers had an 8% lower risk of hypertension compared with non-consumers, while total refined grain consumers showed no significant association. Replacing one daily serving of fried or baked cereals with an equivalent serving of boiled cereals was related to a 28% or 14% lower risk, respectively. Conclusions: Total, fried, and baked cereal consumption was positively associated with hypertension risk, while consuming whole grains was related to a lower risk. Modifying cooking methods from frying or baking to boiling for cereals may be beneficial to lower risk. The current study underscores the significance of considering both the degree of processing and cooking methods applied to cereals in addressing hypertension prevention and management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereal Grain Nutrition in Human Health)

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15 pages, 1596 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Nutrient Profiling Model for Processed Foods in Japan

by Jun Takebayashi, Hidemi Takimoto, Chika Okada, Yuko Tousen and Yoshiko Ishimi

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3026; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173026 - 7 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2478

Abstract

Numerous nutrient profiling models (NPMs) exist worldwide, but Japan lacks an official NPM. Using the Australian and New Zealand Health Star Rating (HSR) as a reference, “Processed Foods in Japan version 1.0” (NPM-PFJ (1.0)) was developed to fit Japanese food culture and policies. [...] Read more.

Numerous nutrient profiling models (NPMs) exist worldwide, but Japan lacks an official NPM. Using the Australian and New Zealand Health Star Rating (HSR) as a reference, “Processed Foods in Japan version 1.0” (NPM-PFJ (1.0)) was developed to fit Japanese food culture and policies. In total, 668 processed foods from the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan were analyzed, excluding seasonings/spices, fats/oils, alcoholic beverages, and infant food. The NPM-PFJ (1.0) scoring algorithm was adapted from HSR, with revised reference values for energy, saturated fat, total sugars, sodium, protein, and dietary fiber in alignment with Japanese standards. Reference values for fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes (fvnl) remained unchanged. Median scores were 4.5 for HSR and 5.0 for NPM-PFJ (1.0), showing high correlation (r = 0.939, p < 0.01). Thereafter, food categories familiar and meaningful in Japan were defined based on a hierarchical cluster analysis of scoring patterns, creating six categories with distinct characteristics. Finally, the rating algorithm for NPM-PFJ (1.0) was created using each group’s score distribution (10th percentile). The NPM-PFJ (1.0) was developed through a fully transparent and evidence-based process and is expected to facilitate the reformulation of food products by food industries and help consumers easily access healthier processed foods. This model marks a significant step forward in developing an NPM tailored to Japanese food culture and health policies, with the potential to enhance public health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)

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16 pages, 3717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Protective Effects of an Aged Black Garlic Water Extract on the Prostate

by Maria Loreta Libero, Antonio J. Montero-Hidalgo, Lucia Recinella, Raúl M. Luque, Daniele Generali, Alessandra Acquaviva, Giustino Orlando, Claudio Ferrante, Luigi Menghini, Simonetta Cristina Di Simone, Nilofar Nilofar, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Luigi Brunetti and Sheila Leone

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3025; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173025 - 7 Sep 2024

Viewed by 2074

Abstract

Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for various cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to explore the potential protective effects of aged black garlic extract (ABGE) against inflammation-induced prostate damage and its impact on prostate cancer cell lines. We used an [...] Read more.

Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for various cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to explore the potential protective effects of aged black garlic extract (ABGE) against inflammation-induced prostate damage and its impact on prostate cancer cell lines. We used an ex vivo model of inflammation induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on C57BL/6 male mouse prostate specimens to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of ABGE. The gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (COX-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α, IL-6) were measured. Additionally, we evaluated ABGE’s therapeutic effects on the prostate cancer cell lines through in vitro functional assays, including colony formation, tumorsphere formation, migration assays, and phosphorylation arrays to assess the signaling pathways (MAPK, AKT, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β). ABGE demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in preclinical models, partly attributed to its polyphenolic content, notably catechin and gallic acid. In the ex vivo model, ABGE reduced the gene expression levels of COX-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6. The in vitro studies showed that ABGE inhibited cell proliferation, colony and tumorsphere formation, and cell migration in the prostate cancer cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. ABGE exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, supporting further investigation into ABGE as a potential agent for managing inflammation and prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Plant Extracts on Human Health)

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20 pages, 348 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Folic Acid and Selected Risk Factors for Fetal Heart Defects—Preliminary Study Results

by Agnieszka Kolmaga, Elżbieta Trafalska, Ewelina Gaszyńska, Julia Murlewska, Sławomir Witkowski, Oskar Sylwestrzak, Łukasz Sokołowski, Maria Respondek-Liberska and Iwona Strzelecka

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3024; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173024 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1186

Abstract

Background: The available data on the relationship between diet/folic acid and congenital heart disease (CHD) are not consistent. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intake and supplementation of folic acid and other selected factors in mothers and the risk of [...] Read more.

Background: The available data on the relationship between diet/folic acid and congenital heart disease (CHD) are not consistent. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intake and supplementation of folic acid and other selected factors in mothers and the risk of congenital heart defects in fetuses. Methods: A case–control study was conducted. The study group included pregnant women with fetuses from singleton pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed heart defects in the fetus (n = 79) and pregnant women whose course of pregnancy was normal with no heart defects or other developmental anomalies diagnosed in the fetus (n = 121). The patients were diagnosed at a reference center in Poland. The women completed a lifestyle questionnaire and FFQ and precisely described their use of dietary supplements. A univariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between folic acid and selected risk factors and CHD. The association was significant and included such risk factors such as nutritional status, medications taken, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Additionally, the time of starting folic acid supplementation turned out to be statistically significant. The reference period of supplementation was the period before pregnancy. Results: Lack of supplementation increases the risk of heart defects in children by more than four times compared to supplementation before pregnancy (OR = 4.19; p = 0.0117), whereas supplementation beyond the eighth week of gestation increases the risk almost threefold (OR = 2.90; p = 0.0474). The presence of congenital defects in the family is also an important factor. Conclusions: A history of congenital heart defects or other defects, lack of periconceptional folic acid supplementation, and lack of dietary supplementation before pregnancy were associated with congenital heart defects in the fetus. Place of residence, parents’ education, lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption, nutritional status before pregnancy, and mother’s diseases did not show a significant relationship with congenital heart defects in the children. There is an urgent need to develop preventive strategies and conduct extensive public education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

22 pages, 541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioguided Optimization of the Nutrition-Health, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Manihot esculenta (Cassava) Flour Enriched with Cassava Leaves

by Imane Boukhers, Romain Domingo, Axelle Septembre-Malaterre, Julien Antih, Charlotte Silvestre, Thomas Petit, Hippolyte Kodja and Patrick Poucheret

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3023; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173023 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1043

Abstract

Manihot esculenta (cassava) roots is a major food crop for its energy content. Leaves contain nutrients and demonstrate biological properties but remain undervalorized. In order to develop a bioguided optimization of cassava nutrition–health properties, we compared the phytochemistry and bioactive potential of cassava [...] Read more.

Manihot esculenta (cassava) roots is a major food crop for its energy content. Leaves contain nutrients and demonstrate biological properties but remain undervalorized. In order to develop a bioguided optimization of cassava nutrition–health properties, we compared the phytochemistry and bioactive potential of cassava root flour extract (CF) with cassava flour extract enriched with 30% leaves powder (CFL). Cassava flour supplementation impact was explored on flour composition (starch, fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds), in vivo glycemic index, and bioactivity potential using macrophage cells. We assessed the impact of cassava flour supplementation on free radicals scavenging and cellular production of pro-inflammatory mediators. CFL showed higher levels of fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and lower glycemic index. Significantly higher bioactive properties (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant) were recorded, and inhibition of cytokines production has been demonstrated as a function of extract concentration. Overall, our results indicate that enrichment of cassava flour with leaves significantly enhances its nutrition–health and bioactive potential. This bioguided matrix recombination approach may be of interest to provide prophylactic and therapeutic dietary strategy to manage malnutrition and associated chronic non-communicable diseases characterized by low-grade inflammation and unbalanced redox status. It would also promote a more efficient use of available food resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Benefits of Natural Products for Disease Treatments)

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12 pages, 484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Interaction between a 23-SNP Genetic Risk Score and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on HbA1c Levels in Southeast Asian Women

by Padmini Sekar, Arif S. Aji, Utami Ariyasra, Sri R. Sari, Nabila Tasrif, Finny F. Yani, Julie A. Lovegrove, Ikhwan R. Sudji, Nur I. Lipoeto and Karani S. Vimaleswaran

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3022; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173022 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1050

Abstract

Metabolic diseases result from interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors. Understanding the combined influences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle is crucial. This study employs genetic risk scores (GRS) to assess SNPs, providing insight beyond single gene/SNP studies by revealing synergistic effects. Here, [...] Read more.

Metabolic diseases result from interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors. Understanding the combined influences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle is crucial. This study employs genetic risk scores (GRS) to assess SNPs, providing insight beyond single gene/SNP studies by revealing synergistic effects. Here, we aim to investigate the association of a 23-SNP GRS with metabolic disease-related traits (obesity and type 2 diabetes) to understand if these associations are altered by lifestyle/dietary factors. For this study, 106 Minangkabau women were included and underwent physical, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary and genetic evaluations. The interaction of GRS with lifestyle factors was analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed between GRS and metabolic traits; however, this study demonstrates a novel interaction observed between 13-SNP GRS and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake, and that it had an effect on HbA1c levels (p = 0.026). Minangkabau women with low MUFA intake (≤7.0 g/day) and >13 risk alleles had significantly higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.010). This finding has implications for public health, suggesting the need for large-scale studies to confirm our results before implementing dietary interventions in the Indonesian population. Identifying genetic influences on dietary response can inform personalized nutrition strategies to reduce the risk of metabolic disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiological Epigenomics on Nutrition and Health)

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13 pages, 3110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HD02 and MD159 through Mast Cell Degranulation Inhibition in Mouse Models of Atopic Dermatitis

by A-Ram Kim, Seong-Gak Jeon, Hyung-Ran Kim, Heeji Hong, Yong Won Yoon, Byung-Min Lee, Chung Hoo Yoon, Soo Jin Choi, Myoung Ho Jang and Bo-Gie Yang

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3021; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173021 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1169

Abstract

As the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergies becomes better understood, targeted strategies to prevent and treat allergies through gut microbiome modulation are being increasingly developed. In the study presented herein, we screened various probiotics for their ability to inhibit mast cell [...] Read more.

As the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergies becomes better understood, targeted strategies to prevent and treat allergies through gut microbiome modulation are being increasingly developed. In the study presented herein, we screened various probiotics for their ability to inhibit mast cell degranulation and identified Lactiplatibacillus plantarum HD02 and MD159 as effective candidates. The two strains significantly attenuated vascular permeability induced by mast cell degranulation in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model and, in the MC903-induced murine atopic dermatitis (AD) model, demonstrated comparable preventive effects against allergies, reducing blood levels of MCPT-1 (mast cell protease-1) and total IgE. In the house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine AD model, both L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 showed therapeutic effects, with L. plantarum HD02 demonstrating superior efficacy. Nevertheless, L. plantarum MD159 better suppressed transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Furthermore, L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 significantly increased the number of splenic Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells, with L. plantarum MD159 having a more pronounced effect. However, only L. plantarum HD02 achieved a reduction in immune cells in the draining lymph nodes. Our findings highlight L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of allergies, demonstrating significant efficacy in suppressing mast cell degranulation, reducing the number of allergy biomarkers, and modulating immune responses in experimental models of AD. Their distinct mechanisms of action suggest potential complementary roles in addressing allergic diseases, underscoring their therapeutic promise in clinical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Prebiotics and Probiotics)

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17 pages, 4506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parecoxib Enhances Resveratrol against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells through Akt and TXNDC5 Inhibition and MAPK Regulation

by Wan-Ling Chang, Kai-Chien Yang, Jyun-Yu Peng, Chain-Lang Hong, Pei-Ching Li, Soi Moi Chye, Fung-Jou Lu, Ching-Wei Shih and Ching-Hsein Chen

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3020; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173020 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1069

Abstract

In this study, we discovered the mechanisms underlying parecoxib and resveratrol combination’s anti-cancer characteristics against human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells. We studied its anti-proliferation and apoptosis-provoking effect by utilizing cell viability 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscope, gene overexpression, Western blot, and flow [...] Read more.

In this study, we discovered the mechanisms underlying parecoxib and resveratrol combination’s anti-cancer characteristics against human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells. We studied its anti-proliferation and apoptosis-provoking effect by utilizing cell viability 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscope, gene overexpression, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. Parecoxib enhanced the ability of resveratrol to inhibit cell viability and increase apoptosis. Parecoxib in combination with resveratrol strongly enhanced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5) and Akt phosphorylation. Parecoxib enhanced resveratrol-provoked c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylation. Overexpression of TXNDC5 and repression of JNK and p38 pathways significantly reversed the inhibition of cell viability and stimulation of apoptosis by the parecoxib/resveratrol combination. This study presents evidence that parecoxib enhances the anti-cancer power of resveratrol in DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells via the inhibition of TXNDC5 and Akt signaling and enhancement of JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. Parecoxib may be provided as an efficient drug to sensitize colorectal cancer by resveratrol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anticancer Activities of Dietary Phytochemicals)

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16 pages, 778 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of a High Linoleic Acid Diet on Pregnant Women and Their Offspring

by Deepti Nayyar, Joanne M. Said, Helen McCarthy, Deanne H. Hryciw, Lannie O’Keefe and Andrew J. McAinch

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3019; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173019 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 2855

Abstract

Nutritional intake during pregnancy can affect gestational length, fetal development, and impact postnatal growth and health in offspring. Perturbations in maternal nutrition with either an excess or deficiency in nutrients during pregnancy may have harmful effects on the offspring’s development and increase the [...] Read more.

Nutritional intake during pregnancy can affect gestational length, fetal development, and impact postnatal growth and health in offspring. Perturbations in maternal nutrition with either an excess or deficiency in nutrients during pregnancy may have harmful effects on the offspring’s development and increase the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. In pregnancy, nutrients transfer from the mother to the fetus via the placenta. Essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA) and alpha linoleic acid (ALA), can only be obtained in the diet. In Western countries, the ratio of LA and ALA in the diet has increased dramatically in recent decades. Some animal and human studies have found a correlation between maternal intake of LA and birth weight; however, the association varies. In contrast, some human studies have demonstrated inconclusive findings regarding the correlation between cord blood levels of LA and birth outcomes. In addition, high dietary LA intake in animal studies in pregnancy increased the production of inflammatory markers such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. This review aims to highlight the effect of high dietary LA intake during pregnancy on birth outcomes, obesity, maternal inflammatory markers, and the transfer of fatty acids across the placenta. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Maternal Nutrition and Its Impact: Unraveling the Short- and Long-Term Health Consequences)

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17 pages, 1392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

No Difference between the Efficacy of High-Nitrate and Low-Nitrate Vegetable Supplementation on Blood Pressure after 16 Weeks in Individuals with Early-Stage Hypertension: An Exploratory, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial

by Dandan Li, Elena Jovanovski, Andreea Zurbau, John Sievenpiper, Davor Milicic, Ahmed El-Sohemy and Vladimir Vuksan

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173018 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 2064

Abstract

Dietary inorganic nitrate lowers blood pressure (BP) in healthy individuals through improved nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, there is limited evidence examining the long-term effects of dietary nitrate for managing hypertension. We aimed to determine whether the sustained intake of dietary nitrate improved [...] Read more.

Dietary inorganic nitrate lowers blood pressure (BP) in healthy individuals through improved nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, there is limited evidence examining the long-term effects of dietary nitrate for managing hypertension. We aimed to determine whether the sustained intake of dietary nitrate improved BP and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals with early-stage hypertension. The Dietary Nitrate (NO₃) on BP and CVD Risk Factors (DINO₃) Trial was a multi-center, double-blinded, parallel, randomized, controlled trial in participants with elevated BP. Participants were supplemented with high-nitrate (HN) (~400 mg nitrate) or low-nitrate (LN) vegetable powder (~50 mg nitrate) on top of their usual diets for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was office systolic BP at 16 weeks. The secondary outcomes were 24 h ambulatory BP, central BP, heart-rate-corrected augmentation index (AIx75), carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Sixty-six participants were randomized at baseline (39M:27F, age: 51.5 ± 10.8 years, BMI:27.9 ± 3.2 kg/m²). In an intention-to-treat analysis, no differences were observed between HN and LN groups in terms of office systolic BP at 16 weeks (3.91 ± 3.52 mmHg, p = 0.27) or secondary outcomes. In this exploratory study, sustained HN vegetable supplementation did not exhibit more favorable vascular effects than LN vegetable supplementation in individuals with elevated BP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease)

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19 pages, 3489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Purified Vitexin and Iso-Vitexin from Mung Bean Seed Coat on Antihyperglycemic Activity and Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals’ Modulation

by Pornlada Yutharaksanukul, Preuk Tangpromphan, Paiboon Tunsagool, Sudathip Sae-tan, Sunee Nitisinprasert, Surasawadee Somnuk, Massalin Nakphaichit, Nut Pusuntisumpun and Bandhita Wanikorn

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3017; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173017 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1505

Abstract

Exceeding a healthy weight significantly elevates the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A commercially available singular constituent, available as either purified vitexin or iso-vitexin, has been associated with a decreased risk of T2DM, but its synergistic effect has not been reported [...] Read more.

Exceeding a healthy weight significantly elevates the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A commercially available singular constituent, available as either purified vitexin or iso-vitexin, has been associated with a decreased risk of T2DM, but its synergistic effect has not been reported yet. Vitexin and iso-vitexin were extracted using an ethanol-based solvent from mung bean seed coat (MBCE) and subsequently purified using preparative liquid chromatography (Prep-LC). Eleven mixture ratios of vitexin and/or iso-vitexin were determined for their antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities. The 1:1.5 ratio of vitexin to iso-vitexin from MBCE demonstrated the most synergistic effects for enzyme inhibition and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells within an insulin-resistant system, while these ratios exhibited a significantly lower antioxidant capacity than that of each individual component. In a gut model system, the ratio of 1:1.5 (vitexin and iso-vitexin) regulated the gut microbiota composition in overweight individuals by decreasing the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae, while increasing in Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The application of vitexin/iso-vitexin for 24 h fermentation enhanced a high variety of abundances of 21 genera resulting in five genera of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Enterocloster, and Peptacetobacter, which belonged to the phylum Firmicutes, exhibiting high abundant changes of more than 5%. Only two genera of Proteus and Butyricicoccus belonging to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased. The findings suggest that these phytochemicals interactions could have synergistic effects in regulating glycemia, through changes in antihyperglycemic activity and in the gut microbiota in overweight individuals. This optimal ratio can be utilized by industries to formulate more potent functional ingredients for functional foods and to create nutraceutical supplements aimed at reducing the risk of T2DM in overweight individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Bioactive Compounds with Application Potentials in Nutraceuticals and Nutricosmetics: Focus on Mechanism of Action and Application Science)

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12 pages, 1538 KiB

Open AccessReview

Potassium Intake and Bone Health: A Narrative Review

by Veronica Abate, Anita Vergatti, Nadia Altavilla, Francesca Garofano, Antonio Stefano Salcuni, Domenico Rendina, Gianpaolo De Filippo, Fabio Vescini and Lanfranco D’Elia

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3016; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173016 - 6 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Potassium is a cation involved in the resting phase of membrane potential. Diets rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, and coffee have high potassium content. The shift from a pre-agriculture diet to today’s consumption has led to reduced potassium [...] Read more.

Potassium is a cation involved in the resting phase of membrane potential. Diets rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, and coffee have high potassium content. The shift from a pre-agriculture diet to today’s consumption has led to reduced potassium intake. Indeed, the Western diet pattern is characterized by a high daily intake of saturated fats, sugars, sodium, proteins from red meat, and refined carbohydrates with a low potassium intake. These reductions are also mirrored by high sodium intakes and a high consumption of acid-generating food, which promote a chronic state of low-grade metabolic acidosis. The low-grade metabolic acidosis is a cause of the bone-wasting effect. Therefore, a long-standing acidotic state brings into play the bone that contributes to the buffering process through an increase in osteoclastic resorption. In consideration of this background, we carried out a review that focused on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the relationship between dietary potassium intake and bone health, underlining the detrimental effects of the Western dietary patterns characterized by low potassium consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

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17 pages, 693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food Neophobia in Children Aged 1–6 Years—Between Disorder and Autonomy: Assessment of Food Preferences and Eating Patterns

by Karolina Krupa-Kotara, Beata Nowak, Jarosław Markowski, Mateusz Rozmiarek and Mateusz Grajek

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 3015; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173015 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1203

Abstract

Food neophobia, defined as fear or aversion to eating new or unfamiliar foods, is a significant challenge, especially in the context of preschool children. In the scientific literature, this phenomenon is often described as a natural developmental stage, but its severity and impact [...] Read more.

Food neophobia, defined as fear or aversion to eating new or unfamiliar foods, is a significant challenge, especially in the context of preschool children. In the scientific literature, this phenomenon is often described as a natural developmental stage, but its severity and impact on preferences and eating patterns still raise many questions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of food neophobia in children aged 1 to 6 years and to analyze its relationship with eating habits, preferences, and eating patterns. The study was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire and validated research tools such as the Child Feeding Scale (MCH-FS) and Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). The study included 345 children, of whom 59.1% were observed to be at significant risk for food neophobia. The results of the study suggest that food neophobia is not a common phenomenon in children aged 1–2 years but becomes more pronounced later in childhood. Another important finding was that food neophobia shows a stronger association with established eating patterns than with individual taste preferences. Considering these results, this phenomenon should be considered not only as a natural part of child development, but also as a potential indicator of eating disorders that may require intervention. These findings underscore the need for further research that could deepen the understanding of the mechanisms governing food neophobia and its long-term consequences for child health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Food Choices, and Food Neophobia on Health and the Quality of Life)

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Nutrients, Volume 16, Issue 17 (September-1 2024) – 233 articles

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