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Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition...
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Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 38212

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adam Cieślak

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolyńska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
Interests: ruminant nutrition; rumen microbiology; microbiology in environmental protection; quality of ruminant products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Amlan Kumar Patra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University, Kolkata, India
Interests: ruminant nutrition; rumen microbiology; poultry nutrition; nutritional modeling and meta-analysis; livestock and environment; gut barrier function; phytochemicals; heavy metal toxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Interests: ruminant nutrition; rumen microbiology; microbiology in environmental protection; quality of ruminant products
Dr. Zora Váradyová

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
Interests: ruminant nutrition; rumen physiology and microbiology; gastro-intestinal fermentation; herbal nutraceuticals; alternative therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

World human population is projected to become 9.5 billion by 2050. As a consequence of increasing human population and pattern of animal protein consumption, the global production of dairy products and beef is also projected to rise significantly. Also, increasing consumers’ awareness for healthy foods with low carbon prints produced from ethically reared animals needs remodelling of current ruminant production. These are real challenging in future food production system because these issues are inherently correlated. Ruminant nutrition plays an essential role in fulfilling the demands of ruminant derived healthy foods. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain high welfare standards. Ruminant nutrition and feeding also need to be ethically defensible and socially acceptable. Among the challenges of ruminant nutrition facing in the coming years are: risk of protein deficit (hence ruminants compete with human in protein consumption), ruminal health, over-production stress and its consequences on overall health, the danger of greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution, increased water consumption and others.

Original manuscripts that address any aspects of ruminant nutrition mentioned above are invited for this special issue. Topics of special interest are how nutrition relates to environment status, food production, animal health and welfare.

Dr. Adam Cieślak
Dr. Amlan Kumar Patra
Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
Dr. Zora Váradyová
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ruminant nutrition
  • ruminal microbiology
  • greenhouse gas emissions
  • protein deficit
  • nitrogen and phosphorus excretion
  • healthy ruminant foods
  • ruminant welfare
  • gut health
  • alternative therapy

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1424 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Rumination Time on Milk Performance and Methane Emission of Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Ration Based on Maize Silage
by Robert Mikuła, Marcin Pszczola, Katarzyna Rzewuska, Sebastian Mucha, Włodzimierz Nowak and Tomasz Strabel
Animals 2022, 12(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010050 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5170
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the rumination time on milk yield and composition as well as methane emission during lactation in high-yielding dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration based on maize silage without pasture access. A [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the rumination time on milk yield and composition as well as methane emission during lactation in high-yielding dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration based on maize silage without pasture access. A total of 365 high-yielding Polish Holstein-Friesian multiparous dairy cows were included in the study covering 24 to 304 days of lactation. Methane emission, rumination time, and milk production traits were observed for the period of 12 months. Next, the data from the cows were assigned to three groups based on daily rumination time: low rumination up to 412 min/day (up to 25th rumination percentile), medium rumination from 412 to 527 min/day (between the 25th and 75th percentile), and high rumination above 527 min/day (from the 75th percentile). Rumination time had no effect on milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, or fat and protein-corrected milk yield. High rumination time had an effect on lower fat concentration in milk compared with the medium and low rumination groups. The highest daily CH4 production was noted in low rumination cows, which emitted 1.8% more CH4 than medium rumination cows and 4.2% more than high rumination cows. Rumination time affected daily methane production per kg of milk. Cows from the high rumination group produced 2.9% less CH4 per milk unit compared to medium rumination cows and 4.6% in comparison to low rumination cows. Similar observations were noted for daily CH4 production per ECM unit. In conclusion, a longer rumination time is connected with lower methane emission as well as lower methane production per milk unit in high-yielding dairy cows fed a maize silage-based partial mixed ration without pasture access. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
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25 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis
by Yulianri Rizki Yanza, Ainissya Fitri, Bambang Suwignyo, Elfahmi, Nanik Hidayatik, Nur Rochmah Kumalasari, Agung Irawan and Anuraga Jayanegara
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3317; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113317 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 5127
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments [...] Read more.
The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (<1%) to moderate (~3%) levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
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12 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
Effect of Cellulase Enzyme Produced from Penicilliumchrysogenum on the Milk Production, Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Profiles of Egyptian Buffaloes Fed a High-Forage Diet
by Hossam H. Azzaz, Ahmed M. Abd El Tawab, Mostafa S. A. Khattab, Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel, Adam Cieślak, Hussein A. Murad, Maciej Kiełbowicz and Mohamed El-Sherbiny
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3066; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113066 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2808
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a cellulase enzymes cocktail to lactating buffaloes’ diet, on the nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production performance and composition. Twenty-four lactating Egyptian buffaloes were assigned into one of the following treatments: CON—control [...] Read more.
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a cellulase enzymes cocktail to lactating buffaloes’ diet, on the nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production performance and composition. Twenty-four lactating Egyptian buffaloes were assigned into one of the following treatments: CON—control consisted of a total mixed ration, CENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented by a commercial source of cellulase enzyme, FENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented with cellulase enzyme cocktail produced in-farm. Supplementing the diet with the in-farm source of cellulase (FENZ) had a significantly higher impact on crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility. However, FENZ tended to increase the EE digestibility compared to CENZ. FENZ showed significantly higher nutrient digestibility percentages compared to other groups. Supplementing the diet with cellulase enzymes (CON vs. ENZ) significantly increased the daily milk yield and the fat correct milk yield; both yields were significantly higher with FENZ than all groups. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid concentration were significantly higher with cellulase enzymes supplementation (CON vs. ENZ) and the conjugated linoleic acid concentration. Supplementing fungal cellulase enzyme produced on a farm-scale has improved milk productivity, fat yield, and milk fat unsaturated fatty acids profile in lactating buffaloes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
12 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Total Polyphenols from Paulownia Hybrid Leaves on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production and Microorganisms
by Julia Puchalska, Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel, Amlan Kumar Patra, Sylwester Ślusarczyk, Min Gao, Daniel Petrič, Maria Nabzdyk and Adam Cieślak
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2843; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102843 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2293
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of polyphenols of Paulownia Clon In Vitro 112® leaves or their particular parts on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and microbial population. Paulownia leaves with high (PLH; 31.35 mg/g dry [...] Read more.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of polyphenols of Paulownia Clon In Vitro 112® leaves or their particular parts on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and microbial population. Paulownia leaves with high (PLH; 31.35 mg/g dry matter (DM)), medium (PLM; 26.94 mg/g DM), and low level of polyphenols (PLL; 11.90 mg/g DM) were used from three plantation areas. Lamina (PLLA; 33.63 mg/g DM) and twigs (PLT; 2.53 mg/g DM) of leaves were also collected from the PLM plantation. The chemical analyses of Paulownia leaves indicated that the content of the most basic nutrients (e.g., crude protein concentration of 185 g/kg of DM) were similar to dehydrated alfalfa. The in vitro results showed that the use of Paulownia leaves with the highest content of total polyphenols (PLH and PLLA) decreased methane production, methanogens numbers, and acetate to propionate ratio. In PLT, lowered methane production was followed by reduced substrate degradability and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration along with higher acetate to propionate ratio. Therefore, reduction of methane production in PLH and PLLA was attributed to the lowered methanogen population, whereas in PLT it was caused by decreased substrate degradability with the resultant of limited hydrogen availability to the methanogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
15 pages, 1048 KiB  
Article
Effect of Slow-Release Urea Administration on Production Performance, Health Status, Diet Digestibility, and Environmental Sustainability in Lactating Dairy Cows
by Silvia Grossi, Riccardo Compiani, Luciana Rossi, Matteo Dell’Anno, Israel Castillo and Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
Animals 2021, 11(8), 2405; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082405 - 14 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4537
Abstract
The effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with a slow-release urea source (SRU) on production performance, feed efficiency, digestibility, and environmental sustainability of dairy cows were evaluated. A total of 140 lactating Holstein Frisian cows were allocated into two study groups: (i) [...] Read more.
The effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with a slow-release urea source (SRU) on production performance, feed efficiency, digestibility, and environmental sustainability of dairy cows were evaluated. A total of 140 lactating Holstein Frisian cows were allocated into two study groups: (i) control (diet entirely based on SBM), and (ii) treatment (diet of 0.22% on dry matter basis (d.m.)) of SRU. Milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion rate (FCR), body condition score (BCS), reproductive parameters, and milk quality were evaluated. The chemical composition of the feeds and feces were analyzed to calculate the in vivo digestibility of the two diets. The carbon footprint (CFP) and predicted methane (CH4) emissions were evaluated. The inclusion of SRU significantly increases milk yield, DMI, and FCR (p < 0.0001), whereas milk quality, BCS, and reproductive indicators were not affected (p > 0.05). In the treatment group, the digestibility of crude protein (CP) (p = 0.012), NDF (p = 0.039), and cellulose (p = 0.033) was significantly higher, while the other nutritional parameters weren’t affected. All the environmental parameters were significantly improved in the treatment group (p < 0.0001). Replacing SBM with SRU can be a strategy to enhance dairy cows’ sustainability due to improved production efficiency, reduced feed CFP, and predicted CH4 production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
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13 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Effects of Medicinal Plants and Organic Selenium against Ovine Haemonchosis
by Michaela Komáromyová, Dominika Mravčáková, Daniel Petrič, Katarína Kucková, Michal Babják, Michaela Urda Dolinská, Alžbeta Königová, Michaela Maďarová, Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Adam Cieslak, Klaudia Čobanová, Zora Váradyová and Marián Várady
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051319 - 5 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2514
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of traditional medicinal plants typical to Central Europe as well as organic selenium on increasing the resistance of lambs to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection with Haemonchus contortus. 21 female lambs were infected with [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of traditional medicinal plants typical to Central Europe as well as organic selenium on increasing the resistance of lambs to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection with Haemonchus contortus. 21 female lambs were infected with third-stage larvae of H. contortus on the day (D) 0 and re-infected on D49 and D77. The animals were divided into three groups based on a treatment diet: a basal diet (control), a diet enriched with dry plants (Herbmix), and a diet enriched with selenized yeast (Selplex). The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was quantified on D21, D28, D35, D42, D49, D56, D63, D70, D77, D84, D91, D98, D105, D112, and D119. The mean reductions in EPG on D28 were 43.4 and 28.6% for Selplex and Herbmix, respectively. The reduction in egg output was nearly uniform throughout the experiment for Selplex. However, for Herbmix the mean reduction was only 19.8% up to D91 and 46.1% after D91. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood from D35 to D98 was two to three-fold higher for Selplex than the other groups. Both supplements slowed the dynamics of GIN infection and gradually increased the resistance of lambs against ovine haemonchosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
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13 pages, 813 KiB  
Article
Effect of Artemisia absinthium and Malva sylvestris on Antioxidant Parameters and Abomasal Histopathology in Lambs Experimentally Infected with Haemonchus contortus
by Dominika Mravčáková, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Zora Váradyová, Katarína Kucková, Klaudia Čobanová, Peter Maršík, Jan Tauchen, Jaroslav Vadlejch, Marcin Mickiewicz, Jaroslaw Kaba and Marián Várady
Animals 2021, 11(2), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020462 - 9 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3212
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Artemisia absinthium and Malva sylvestris on antioxidant response and histopathological changes in the abomasa of the Haemonchus contortus infected lambs. Twenty-four lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented lambs (UNS), lambs supplemented with A. absinthium (ART), lambs [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the effect of Artemisia absinthium and Malva sylvestris on antioxidant response and histopathological changes in the abomasa of the Haemonchus contortus infected lambs. Twenty-four lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented lambs (UNS), lambs supplemented with A. absinthium (ART), lambs supplemented with M. sylvestris (MAL), and lambs supplemented with both plants (ARTMAL). Lambs were infected orally with approximately 5000 third-stage (L3) larvae of H. contortus. The experiment was conducted for 75 d (days), all animals were then slaughtered, and the abomasal tissues were examined for antioxidant parameters and histopathology. The concentration of malondialdehyde in the abomasal mucosa was lower in ARTMAL (p < 0.05), and the total antioxidant capacity was higher in MAL (p < 0.05), than in UNS. Increased mucus production was observed in the ARTMAL. The number of mast cells in UNS and ART was significantly higher than the number in MAL (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Plasma cell numbers were higher in ARTMAL than the number in MAL (p < 0.05). Abomasal tissue regenerated more frequently in ARTMAL. These results represent the first report of the impact of A. absinthium and M. sylvestris on antioxidant parameters and local immune responses of abomasal mucosa of lambs infected with a GIN parasite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
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10 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls
by Jinshan Yang, Jian Zheng, Xinpeng Fang, Xin Jiang, Yukun Sun and Yonggen Zhang
Animals 2021, 11(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010126 - 8 Jan 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of N-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of NCG on growth [...] Read more.
N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of N-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of NCG on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls with similar body weights (BW, 408 ± 21.9 kg) and ages (450 ± 6.1 d; all mean ± SD) were selected for the feeding trial. After 2 weeks of adaptation, bulls were blocked by BW and age and subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group (control diet), (2) L group (supplementation with 20 mg/kg BW NCG), (3) M group (supplementation with 40 mg/kg BW NCG), or (4) H group (supplementation with 80 mg/kg BW NCG). The addition of NCG linearly and quadratically increased the average daily gain (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 1.03 vs. 1.19 vs. 1.40 vs. 1.26 kg/d) (p < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 11.92 vs. 9.22 vs. 7.76 vs. 8.62) (p < 0.05), crude protein digestibility (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 64.3 vs. 63.8 vs. 67.7 vs. 65.8%) (0.05 < p < 0.10), N retention (p < 0.05) and N utilization (p < 0.05) of bulls, whereas the contents of fecal N (0.05 < p < 0.10) and urinary N (0.05 < p < 0.10) in NCG-fed bulls linearly decreased compared with those in CON bulls. Bulls fed NCG showed a quadratic increased plasma nitric oxide (p < 0.05) concentration. Furthermore, Arg (p < 0.05), Ile (p < 0.05), Val (p < 0.05), Ala (p < 0.05), Glu (p < 0.05), Ser (p < 0.05), total essential amino acid (p < 0.05) and total nonessential amino acid (p < 0.05) concentrations linearly and quadratically increased with increasing doses of NCG. In contrast, plasma urea (p < 0.05) and ammonia (p < 0.05) concentration linearly and quadratically decreased with increasing doses of NCG. Overall, the addition of NCG increased plasma Arg, Ile, Val, TEAA and TNEAA concentration, which in turn resulted in a higher N utilization and, therefore, higher average daily gain in NCG-fed bulls, providing baseline data for the widespread application of NCG in beef cattle production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)

Review

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14 pages, 297 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock Production
by Amira A. Goma and Clive J. C. Phillips
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113127 - 1 Nov 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3880
Abstract
Egypt is one of the hottest countries in the world, and extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, which is consistent with the warming of the planet. The impact of this warming on ecosystems is severe, including on livestock production systems. Under Egyptian [...] Read more.
Egypt is one of the hottest countries in the world, and extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, which is consistent with the warming of the planet. The impact of this warming on ecosystems is severe, including on livestock production systems. Under Egyptian conditions, livestock already suffer heat stress periods in summer. The predicted increases in temperature as result of climate change will affect livestock production by reducing growth and milk production because of appetite suppression and conception rate reductions and will increase animal welfare concerns. In severe cases, these effects can result in death. We review the heat stress effects on livestock behaviour, reproduction, and production in the context of predicted climate change for Egypt over the course of this century and offer alternative scenarios to achieve food security for a growing human population. As an example, we combine predictions for reduced milk production during heat stress and human population trajectories to predict that milk availability per person will decline from 61 kg/year in 2011 to 26 kg/year in 2064. Mitigation strategies are discussed and include the substitution of animal-based foods for plant-based foods and laboratory-grown animal products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
14 pages, 798 KiB  
Review
Potential Effects of Delphinidin-3-O-Sambubioside and Cyanidin-3-O-Sambubioside of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Ruminant Meat and Milk Quality
by Rosalba Lazalde-Cruz, Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero, Deli Nazmín Tirado-González, María Isabel Carrillo-Díaz, Sergio Ernesto Medina-Cuéllar, Germán David Mendoza-Martínez, Alejandro Lara-Bueno, Gustavo Tirado-Estrada and Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102827 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3940
Abstract
The objective was to review the potential effects of adding anthocyanin delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (DOS) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (COS) of HS in animal diets. One hundred and four scientific articles published before 2021 in clinics, pharmacology, nutrition, and animal production were included. [...] Read more.
The objective was to review the potential effects of adding anthocyanin delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (DOS) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (COS) of HS in animal diets. One hundred and four scientific articles published before 2021 in clinics, pharmacology, nutrition, and animal production were included. The grains/concentrate, metabolic exigency, and caloric stress contribute to increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS). COS and DOS have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities. In the rumen, anthocyanin might obtain interactions and/or synergisms with substrates, microorganisms, and enzymes which could affect the fiber degradability and decrease potential methane (CH4) emissions; since anthocyanin interferes with ruminal fatty acids biohydrogenation (BH), they can increase the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk and meat, as well as improving their quality. Anthocyanins reduce plasma oxidation and can be deposited in milk and meat, increasing antioxidant activities. Therefore, the reduction of the oxidation of fats and proteins improves shelf-life. Although studies in ruminants are required, COS and DOS act as inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEi) and rennin expression, regulating the homeostatic control and possibly the milk yield and body weight. By-products of HS contain polyphenols as calyces with positive effects on the average daily gain and fat meat quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment, Food Production, Health and Welfare Challenges in the Nutrition of Ruminants)
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