Antioxidants

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 188 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Antioxidants Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira

by Lillian Barros

Antioxidants 2020, 9(4), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040286 - 28 Mar 2020

Viewed by 2218

Abstract

Professor Isabel C [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

16 pages, 2055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent

by Guillermo Cásedas, Francisco Les, Carmen Choya-Foces, Martín Hugo and Víctor López

Antioxidants 2020, 9(2), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020177 - 21 Feb 2020

Cited by 62 | Viewed by 6728

Abstract

Urolithin A is a metabolite generated from ellagic acid and ellagitannins by the intestinal microbiota after consumption of fruits such as pomegranates or strawberries. The objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective capacity of this polyphenol in Neuro-2a cells subjected to [...] Read more.

Urolithin A is a metabolite generated from ellagic acid and ellagitannins by the intestinal microbiota after consumption of fruits such as pomegranates or strawberries. The objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective capacity of this polyphenol in Neuro-2a cells subjected to oxidative stress, as well as its direct radical scavenging activity and properties as an inhibitor of oxidases. Cells treated with this compound and H₂O₂ showed a greater response to oxidative stress than cells only treated with H₂O₂, as mitochondrial activity (MTT assay), redox state (ROS formation, lipid peroxidation), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, GR: glutathione reductase, GPx: glutathione peroxidase) were significantly ameliorated; additionally, urolithin A enhanced the expression of cytoprotective peroxiredoxins 1 and 3. Urolithin A also acted as a direct radical scavenger, showing values of 13.2 μM Trolox Equivalents for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 5.01 µM and 152.66 µM IC₅₀ values for superoxide and 2,2-diphenyss1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, respectively. Finally, inhibition of oxidizing enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase A and tyrosinase, was also detected in a dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effects of urolithin A could be attributed to the improvement of the cellular antioxidant battery, but also to its role as a direct radical scavenger and enzyme inhibitor of oxidases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Walnut (Juglans major 209 x Juglans regia) Leaves: Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profile

by Adela Fernández-Agulló, Aída Castro-Iglesias, María Sonia Freire and Julia González-Álvarez

Antioxidants 2020, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010018 - 24 Dec 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3578

Abstract

This work studies the extraction of phenolic compounds from walnut leaves of the hybrid Juglans major 209 x Juglans regia based on extract antioxidant capacity. Once the solid/liquid ratio was selected (1/10 g/mL), by means of a Box-Benkhen experimental design, the influence of [...] Read more.

This work studies the extraction of phenolic compounds from walnut leaves of the hybrid Juglans major 209 x Juglans regia based on extract antioxidant capacity. Once the solid/liquid ratio was selected (1/10 g/mL), by means of a Box-Benkhen experimental design, the influence of temperature (25–75 °C), time (30–120 min), and aqueous ethanol concentration (10–90%) on extraction yield and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant activities were analyzed. In all cases, the quadratic effect of % EtOH was the most significant, followed by the linear effect of temperature and, for most of the responses, the effect of time was almost negligible. Response surface analysis allowed to select the optimal extraction conditions: 75 °C, 120 min and 50% ethanol, which led to the following extract properties: extraction yield, 30.17%; FRAP, 1468 nmol ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/mg extract d.b.; DPPH, 1.318 mmol Trolox equivalents (TRE)/g extract d.b.; DPPH EC₅₀, 0.11 mg/mL; ABTS, 1.256 mmol TRE/g extract (on dry basis) and ABTS EC₅₀, 0.985 mg/mL. Quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid, in this order, were the main compounds identified in this extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS), with various potential applications that support this valorization alternative for walnut leaves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3647 KiB

Open AccessArticle

3,3′-Diindolylmethane Promotes BDNF and Antioxidant Enzyme Formation via TrkB/Akt Pathway Activation for Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells

by Bo Dam Lee, Jae-Myung Yoo, Seong Yeon Baek, Fu Yi Li, Dai-Eun Sok and Mee Ree Kim

Antioxidants 2020, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010003 - 18 Dec 2019

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6285

Abstract

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a metabolite of indole-3-carbinol present in Brassicaceae vegetables, possesses various health-promoting effects. Nonetheless, the effect of DIM on neurodegenerative diseases has not been elucidated clearly. In this study, we hypothesized DIM may protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by promoting [...] Read more.

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a metabolite of indole-3-carbinol present in Brassicaceae vegetables, possesses various health-promoting effects. Nonetheless, the effect of DIM on neurodegenerative diseases has not been elucidated clearly. In this study, we hypothesized DIM may protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by promoting the formation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and antioxidant enzymes through stabilizing the activation of the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) cascade and we investigated the effect of DIM on oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative models. DIM protected neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in glutamate-treated HT-22 cells. Additionally, DIM improved the expression of BDNF and antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1, by promoting the activation of the TrkB/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the cells. Consistent with in vitro studies, DIM attenuated memory impairment by protecting hippocampal neuronal cells against oxidative damage in scopolamine-treated mice. Conclusionally, DIM exerted neuroprotective and antioxidant actions through the activation of both BDNF production and antioxidant enzyme formation in accordance with the TrkB/Akt pathway in neuronal cells. Such an effect of DIM may provide information for the application of DIM in the prevention of and therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 3762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Target Genes Involved in the Effect of Quercetin on the Response to Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

by Begoña Ayuda-Durán, Susana González-Manzano, Antonio Miranda-Vizuete, Eva Sánchez-Hernández, Marta R. Romero, Montserrat Dueñas, Celestino Santos-Buelga and Ana M. González-Paramás

Antioxidants 2019, 8(12), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120585 - 25 Nov 2019

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4614

Abstract

Quercetin is one the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. Although it is well known that quercetin exhibits a range of biological activities, the mechanisms behind these activities remain unresolved. The aim of this work is to progress in the knowledge of [...] Read more.

Quercetin is one the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. Although it is well known that quercetin exhibits a range of biological activities, the mechanisms behind these activities remain unresolved. The aim of this work is to progress in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological effects of quercetin using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. With this aim, the nematode has been used to explore the ability of this flavonoid to modulate the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) signaling pathway (IIS) and the expression of some genes related to stress response. Different methodological approaches have been used, i.e., assays in knockout mutant worms, gene expression assessment by RT-qPCR, and C. elegans transgenic strains expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters. The results showed that the improvement of the oxidative stress resistance of C. elegans induced by quercetin could be explained, at least in part, by the modulation of the insulin signaling pathway, involving genes age-1, akt-1, akt-2, daf-18, sgk-1, daf-2, and skn-1. However, this effect could be independent of the transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 that regulate this pathway. Moreover, quercetin was also able to increase expression of hsp-16.2 in aged worms. This observation could be of particular interest to explain the effects of enhanced lifespan and greater resistance to stress induced by quercetin in C. elegans, since the expression of many heat shock proteins diminishes in aging worms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polyphenols from Lycium barbarum (Goji) Fruit European Cultivars at Different Maturation Steps: Extraction, HPLC-DAD Analyses, and Biological Evaluation

by Andrei Mocan, Francesco Cairone, Marcello Locatelli, Francesco Cacciagrano, Simone Carradori, Dan C. Vodnar, Gianina Crișan, Giovanna Simonetti and Stefania Cesa

Antioxidants 2019, 8(11), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110562 - 16 Nov 2019

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 6068

Abstract

Goji berries are undoubtedly a source of potentially bioactive compounds but their phytochemical profile can vary depending on their geographical origin, cultivar, and/or industrial processing. A rapid and cheap extraction of the polyphenolic fraction from Lycium barbarum cultivars, applied after homogenization treatments, was [...] Read more.

Goji berries are undoubtedly a source of potentially bioactive compounds but their phytochemical profile can vary depending on their geographical origin, cultivar, and/or industrial processing. A rapid and cheap extraction of the polyphenolic fraction from Lycium barbarum cultivars, applied after homogenization treatments, was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses based on two different methods. The obtained hydroalcoholic extracts, containing interesting secondary metabolites (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, sinapinic acid, rutin, and carvacrol), were also submitted to a wide biological screening. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the antioxidant capacity using three antioxidant assays, tyrosinase inhibition, and anti-Candida activity were evaluated in order to correlate the impact of the homogenization treatment, geographical origin, and cultivar type on the polyphenolic and flavonoid amount, and consequently the bioactivity. The rutin amount, considered as a quality marker for goji berries according to European Pharmacopeia, varied from ≈200 to ≈400 µg/g among the tested samples, showing important differences observed in relation to the influence of the evaluated parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sideritis Perfoliata (Subsp. Perfoliata) Nutritive Value and Its Potential Medicinal Properties

by Namrita Lall, Antonios Chrysargyris, Isa Lambrechts, Bianca Fibrich, Analike Blom Van Staden, Danielle Twilley, Marco Nuno de Canha, Carel Basson Oosthuizen, Dikonketso Bodiba and Nikolaos Tzortzakis

Antioxidants 2019, 8(11), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110521 - 30 Oct 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4415

Abstract

Sideritis perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata is an endemic species of the Eastern Mediterranean region with several uses in traditional medicine. The present study aims to explore the unknown properties of S. perfoliata investigating the nutritional content as well as the antioxidant, anticancer, antituberculosis, [...] Read more.

Sideritis perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata is an endemic species of the Eastern Mediterranean region with several uses in traditional medicine. The present study aims to explore the unknown properties of S. perfoliata investigating the nutritional content as well as the antioxidant, anticancer, antituberculosis, antiwrinkle, anti-acne, hyper/hypo-pigmentation and antibacterial activities. Mineral content, nutritional value, the composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil, the antityrosinase, the antibacterial activity and anti-elastase potential of the extract, were evaluated. The antiproliferative activity of S. perfoliata against cervical cancer (HeLa), human melanoma (UCT-Mel-1), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) was investigated. Cytotoxic effects on normal human keratinocyte (HaCat) and kidney epithelial (Vero) cell lines were also determined. Sideritis perfoliata exhibited high nutritional value of proteins and minerals (K, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu). The most abundant components of the essential oil were found to be α-pinene, β-phelladrene, valeranone, β-pinene and sabinene. The ethanolic extract of S. perfoliata displayed moderate antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity against Prevotella intermedia. Noteworthy elastase and moderate anticancer potential against the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was observed with IC₅₀ values of 57.18 ± 3.22 μg/mL and 64.27 ± 2.04 μg/mL respectively. The noteworthy in vitro activity of S. perfoliata could be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the leaves, having high nutritional value. Sideritis perfoliata could potentially be useful to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and for the treatment of liver cancer. The moderate antibacterial, antioxidant and elastase activity of the plant can be linked to the traditional use of S. perfoliata for the treatment of wounds and inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 3599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methyl Jasmonate Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Arthritic Rats

by Heloisa V. Pereira-Maróstica, Lorena S. Castro, Geferson A. Gonçalves, Francielli M.S. Silva, Lívia Bracht, Ciomar A. Bersani-Amado, Rosane M. Peralta, Jurandir F. Comar, Adelar Bracht and Anacharis B. Sá-Nakanishi

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100485 - 15 Oct 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3603

Abstract

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), common in the plant kingdom, is capable of reducing articular and hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. This study investigated the actions of orally administered MeJA (75–300 mg/kg) on inflammation, oxidative stress and selected enzyme activities in [...] Read more.

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), common in the plant kingdom, is capable of reducing articular and hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. This study investigated the actions of orally administered MeJA (75–300 mg/kg) on inflammation, oxidative stress and selected enzyme activities in the brain of Holtzman rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. MeJA prevented the arthritis-induced increased levels of nitrites, nitrates, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also prevented the enhanced activities of myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase. Conversely, the diminished catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione (GSH) levels caused by arthritis were totally or partially prevented. Furthermore, MeJA increased the activity of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase, which helps to supply NADPH for the mitochondrial glutathione cycle, possibly contributing to the partial recovery of the GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. These positive actions on the antioxidant defenses may counterbalance the effects of MeJA as enhancer of ROS production in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A negative effect of MeJA is the detachment of hexokinase from the mitochondria, which can potentially impair glucose phosphorylation and metabolism. In overall terms, however, it can be concluded that MeJA attenuates to a considerable extent the negative effects caused by arthritis in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Stilbene Extract for Its Potential Use as Antioxidant in the Wine Industry

by Concepción Medrano-Padial, María Puerto, F. Javier Moreno, Tristan Richard, Emma Cantos-Villar and Silvia Pichardo

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100467 - 9 Oct 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4118

Abstract

The reduction of sulfur dioxide in wine is a consumer’s demand, considering the allergic effects that may occur in people who are sensitive to it. Stilbenes are candidates of great interest for this purpose because of their antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and health properties, and [...] Read more.

The reduction of sulfur dioxide in wine is a consumer’s demand, considering the allergic effects that may occur in people who are sensitive to it. Stilbenes are candidates of great interest for this purpose because of their antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and health properties, and also because they are naturally found in the grapevine. In the present study, the in vitro toxicity of an extract from grapevine shoots (with a stilbene richness of 45.4%) was assessed in two human cell lines. Significant damage was observed from 30 μg/mL after 24 h, and 40 µg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Similarly, the ultrastructural study revealed a significant impairment of cell growing. The extract was able to protect cells against an induced oxidative stress at all concentrations studied. In view of the promising results, a more exhaustive toxicological assessment of the extract is needed to confirm the safety of its further use as additive in wine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

27 pages, 2394 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Involucre Based on Extraction Optimization: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities

by Marius Emil Rusu, Ionel Fizeșan, Anca Pop, Ana-Maria Gheldiu, Andrei Mocan, Gianina Crișan, Laurian Vlase, Felicia Loghin, Daniela-Saveta Popa and Ioan Tomuta

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100460 - 8 Oct 2019

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 4574

Abstract

Tree nut by-products could contain a wide range of phytochemicals, natural antioxidants, which might be used as a natural source for dietary supplements. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phenolic and sterolic composition, as well as the antioxidant and [...] Read more.

Tree nut by-products could contain a wide range of phytochemicals, natural antioxidants, which might be used as a natural source for dietary supplements. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phenolic and sterolic composition, as well as the antioxidant and other biological activities, of hazelnut involucre (HI) extracts. Experimental designs were developed in order to select the optimum extraction conditions (solvent, temperature, time) using turbo-extraction by Ultra-Turrax for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS and they revealed important amounts of individual polyphenols and phytosterols, molecules with antioxidant potential. The richest polyphenolic HI extract with the highest antioxidant activity by TEAC assay was further evaluated by other in vitro antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) and enzyme inhibitory assays. Additionally, the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of this extract on two cancerous cell lines and on normal cells were tested. This is the first study to analyze the composition of both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in HI extracts. Our findings reveal that this plant by-product presents strong biological activities, justifying further research, and it could be considered an inexpensive source of natural antioxidants for food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Biosynthesis Using Beech Bark Extract

by Corneliu Tanase, Lavinia Berta, Năstaca Alina Coman, Ioana Roșca, Adrian Man, Felicia Toma, Andrei Mocan, László Jakab-Farkas, Domokos Biró and Anca Mare

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100459 - 8 Oct 2019

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 4095

Abstract

Green synthesis is one of the rapid and best ways for silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesis. In the present study, synthesis and bioactivity of AgNPs has been demonstrated using water beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark extract. The physical and chemical factors such as [...] Read more.

Green synthesis is one of the rapid and best ways for silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesis. In the present study, synthesis and bioactivity of AgNPs has been demonstrated using water beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark extract. The physical and chemical factors such as time, metal ion solution, and pH, which play a vital role in the AgNPs synthesis, were assessed. The AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the obtained AgNPs was evaluated. AgNPs were characterized by color change pattern, and the broad peak obtained at 420–475 nm with UV-Vis confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. FT-IR results confirmed that phenols and proteins of beech bark extract are mainly responsible for capping and stabilization of synthesized AgNPs. TEM micrographs showed spherical or rarely polygonal and triangular particles with an average size of 32 nm at pH = 9, and 62 nm at pH = 4. Furthermore, synthesized AgNPs were found to exhibit antioxidant activity and have antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results indicate that bark extract of F. sylvatica L. is suitable for synthesizing stable AgNPs, which act as an excellent antimicrobial agent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compositional Features and Bioactive Properties of Aloe vera Leaf (Fillet, Mucilage, and Rind) and Flower

by Mikel Añibarro-Ortega, José Pinela, Lillian Barros, Ana Ćirić, Soraia P. Silva, Elisabete Coelho, Andrei Mocan, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Marina Soković, Manuel A. Coimbra and Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100444 - 1 Oct 2019

Cited by 72 | Viewed by 14172

Abstract

This work aimed to characterize compositional and bioactive features of Aloe vera leaf (fillet, mucilage, and rind) and flower. The edible fillet was analysed for its nutritional value, and all samples were studied for phenolic composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition, and [...] Read more.

This work aimed to characterize compositional and bioactive features of Aloe vera leaf (fillet, mucilage, and rind) and flower. The edible fillet was analysed for its nutritional value, and all samples were studied for phenolic composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition, and cytotoxic activities. Dietary fibre (mainly mannan) and available carbohydrates (mainly free glucose and fructose) were abundant macronutrients in fillet, which also contained high amounts of malic acid (5.75 g/100 g dw) and α-tocopherol (4.8 mg/100 g dw). The leaf samples presented similar phenolic profiles, with predominance of chromones and anthrones, and the highest contents were found in mucilage (131 mg/g) and rind (105 mg/g) extracts, which also revealed interesting antioxidant properties. On the other hand, the flower extract was rich in apigenin glycoside derivatives (4.48 mg/g), effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 0.025 mg/mL and MBC = 0.05 mg/mL) and capable of inhibiting the tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ = 4.85 mg/mL). The fillet, rind, and flower extracts also showed a powerful antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium funiculosum, and Candida albicans, higher than that of ketoconazole. Thus, the studied Aloe vera samples displayed high potential to be exploited by the food or cosmetic industries, among others. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 1997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Pteris cretica L.: Process Optimization, HPLC Analysis, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity

by Mengyang Hou, Wenzhong Hu, Aosheng Wang, Zhilong Xiu, Yusheng Shi, Kexin Hao, Xingsheng Sun, Duo Cao, Ruishan Lu and Jiao Sun

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100425 - 24 Sep 2019

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 4156

Abstract

In the present work, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of total flavonoids (TF) from Pteris cretica L. was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of a single-factor experiment. The optimized UAE parameters were as follows: Ethanol concentration 56.74%, extraction time 45.94 [...] Read more.

In the present work, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of total flavonoids (TF) from Pteris cretica L. was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of a single-factor experiment. The optimized UAE parameters were as follows: Ethanol concentration 56.74%, extraction time 45.94 min, extraction temperature 74.27 °C, and liquid/solid ratio 33.69 mL/g. Under the optimized conditions, the total flavonoids yield (TFY) was 4.71 ± 0.04%, which was higher than that obtained by heat reflux extraction (HRE). The extracts were further analyzed by HPLC, and five major flavonoids, including rutin, quercitrin, luteolin, apigenin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were identified and quantified. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the TF extract obtained under optimized UAE conditions exhibited good 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS⁺•), nitric oxide radical (NO•) scavenging activities, and ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) chelating capacity, with IC₅₀ values of 74.49, 82.92, 89.12, and 713.41 µg/mL, respectively. Results indicated that the UAE technique developed in this work was an efficient, rapid, and simple approach for the extraction of flavonoids with antioxidant activity from P. cretica. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biological and Chemical Insights of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Bark: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Functional Properties

by Corneliu Tanase, Andrei Mocan, Sanda Coșarcă, Alexandru Gavan, Alexandru Nicolescu, Ana-Maria Gheldiu, Dan C. Vodnar, Daniela-Lucia Muntean and Ovidiu Crișan

Antioxidants 2019, 8(9), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090417 - 19 Sep 2019

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 5098

Abstract

The present study aimed, on the one hand, to improve the yield of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from beech bark by using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. On the other hand, beech bark extracts (BBE) were characterized in terms of [...] Read more.

The present study aimed, on the one hand, to improve the yield of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from beech bark by using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. On the other hand, beech bark extracts (BBE) were characterized in terms of their phytochemical profile and evaluated for biological potential (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimutagen, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-tyrosinase). The extraction time varies with the amount of extracted total phenolic content (TPC). The microwave power favors TPC extraction but in different proportions. The optimum conditions which gave the highest TPC (76.57 mg GAE/g dry plant material) were reached when the microwave power was 300 W, extraction time was 4 min, and the solvent was an ethanol–water (50:50) mixture. The practical value of TPC after a controlled experiment was 76.49 mg GAE/g plant material. The identified compounds were vanillic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and isoquercitrin. The antioxidant potential of BBEs was demonstrated by in vitro experiments. The BBEs were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Candida species. All extracts were antimutagenic and expressed an inhibition on α-glucosidase and tyrosinase activity. Regarding antimutagen activity, the assayed extracts may be considered to have low or no antimutagen effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promising Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Food Colourants from Lonicera caerulea L. var. Kamtschatica

by Adriana K. Molina, Erika N. Vega, Carla Pereira, Maria Inês Dias, Sandrina A. Heleno, Paula Rodrigues, Isabel P. Fernandes, Maria Filomena Barreiro, Marina Kostić, Marina Soković, João C.M. Barreira, Lillian Barros and Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira

Antioxidants 2019, 8(9), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090394 - 12 Sep 2019

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5331

Abstract

Lonicera caerulea L. (haskap) berries are widely known for their richness in anthocyanins. In this study, such fruits were assessed for their nutritional and chemical composition, but also as sources of anthocyanins with great colouring properties to be applied in foodstuff. Haskap presented [...] Read more.

Lonicera caerulea L. (haskap) berries are widely known for their richness in anthocyanins. In this study, such fruits were assessed for their nutritional and chemical composition, but also as sources of anthocyanins with great colouring properties to be applied in foodstuff. Haskap presented high levels of water, four free sugars (mainly fructose and glucose), five organic acids (mainly citric, malic, and quinic), α- and γ-tocopherol, twenty fatty acids (with prevalence of linoleic acid), and eight phenolic compounds, among which six were anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside). The extract presented great antioxidant properties, evaluated through TBARS and OxHLIA assays, as well as antimicrobial capacity against six bacteria and six fungi. Two colourants were obtained by spray-drying haskap juice with maltodextrin and a mixture of maltodextrin and arabic gum. These formulations were stable over 12 weeks of storage at room and refrigerated temperature, without significant variations in colour parameters and in anthocyanins concentration. They were considered safe for consumption once neither microbial contamination nor cytotoxicity in non-tumour cells were detected. The results obtained allow for the consideration of haskap as a promising source of colourants to be applied not only in the food industry, but also in other fields that rely on artificial colourants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Value, Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Properties of Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in Relation to Harvesting Stage and Plant Part

by Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Ângela Fernandes, Maria Inês Dias, Ioannis B. Vasilakoglou, Konstantinos Petrotos, Lillian Barros and Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira

Antioxidants 2019, 8(8), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080293 - 8 Aug 2019

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 10542

Abstract

Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is a widespread weed, which is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value with particular reference to the content in omega-3 fatty acids. In the present study, the nutritional value and chemical composition of purslane plants in relation [...] Read more.

Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is a widespread weed, which is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value with particular reference to the content in omega-3 fatty acids. In the present study, the nutritional value and chemical composition of purslane plants in relation to plant part and harvesting stage were evaluated. Plants were harvested at three growth stages (29, 43 and 52 days after sowing (DAS)), while the edible aerial parts were separated into stems and leaves. Leaves contained higher amounts of macronutrients than stems, especially at 52 DAS. α-tocopherol was the main isoform, which increased at 52 DAS, as well total tocopherols (values were in the ranges of 197–327 μg/100 g fresh weight (fw) and 302–481 μg/100 g fw, for α-tocopherol and total tocopherols, respectively). Glucose and fructose were the main free sugars in stems and leaves, respectively, whereas stems contained higher amounts of total sugars (values were ranged between 0.83 g and 1.28 g/100 g fw). Oxalic and total organic acid content was higher in leaves, especially at the last harvesting stage (52 DAS; 8.6 g and 30.3 g/100 g fw for oxalic acid and total organic acids, respectively). Regarding the fatty acid content, stems contained mainly palmitic (20.2–21.8%) and linoleic acid (23.02–27.11%), while leaves were abundant in α-linolenic acid (35.4–54.92%). Oleracein A and C were the major oleracein derivatives in leaves, regardless of the harvesting stage (values were in the ranges of 8.2–103.0 mg and 21.2–143 mg/100 g dried weight (dw) for oleraceins A and C, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays showed no hepatotoxicity, with GI₅₀ values being higher than 400 μg/mL for all the harvesting stages and plant parts. In conclusion, early harvesting and the separation of plant parts could increase the nutritional value of the final product through increasing the content of valuable compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic compounds and oleracein derivatives, while at the same time, the contents of anti-nutritional compounds such as oxalic acid are reduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 1044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) during Plant Growth

by Magdalena Karamać, Francesco Gai, Erica Longato, Giorgia Meineri, Michał A. Janiak, Ryszard Amarowicz and Pier Giorgio Peiretti

Antioxidants 2019, 8(6), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060173 - 12 Jun 2019

Cited by 91 | Viewed by 10480

Abstract

The antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of the aerial part of Amaranthus caudatus at seven stages of development were investigated. Total phenolic content, ABTS^•+, DPPH^•, and O₂^•− scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Fe²⁺ chelating [...] Read more.

The antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of the aerial part of Amaranthus caudatus at seven stages of development were investigated. Total phenolic content, ABTS^•+, DPPH^•, and O₂^•− scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Fe²⁺ chelating ability were evaluated. The phenolic profile was characterized by 17 compounds. Rutin was predominant in all growth stages, although its content, similar to the quantity of other phenolics, changed during the growth cycle. Flavonols were most abundant in the plants of early flowering and grain fill stages. In contrast, the highest content of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives was found in the early vegetative stage. The results of antioxidant assays also showed significant differences among plant stages. Generally, the lowest antioxidant activity was found in the shooting and budding stages. Significantly higher activity was observed in amaranths in earlier (vegetative) and later (early flowering and grain fill) stages, suggesting that plants in these stages are valuable sources of antioxidants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 4704 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Protective Effect of Alpha-Mangostin against Cisplatin-Induced Cell Death in LLC-PK1 Cells is Associated to Mitochondrial Function Preservation

by Laura María Reyes-Fermín, Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas, Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo, Edilia Tapia, Isabel Rivero and José Pedraza-Chaverri

Antioxidants 2019, 8(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050133 - 15 May 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5888

Abstract

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that induces nephrotoxicity by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study aimed to evaluate if the protective effects of the antioxidant alpha-mangostin (αM) in CDDP-induced damage in proximal tubule [...] Read more.

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that induces nephrotoxicity by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study aimed to evaluate if the protective effects of the antioxidant alpha-mangostin (αM) in CDDP-induced damage in proximal tubule Lilly laboratory culture porcine kidney (LLC-PK1) cells, are related to mitochondrial function preservation. It was found that αM co-incubation prevented CDDP-induced cell death. Furthermore, αM prevented the CDDP-induced decrease in cell respiratory states, in the maximum capacity of the electron transfer system (E) and in the respiration associated to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). CDDP also decreased the protein levels of voltage dependence anion channel (VDAC) and mitochondrial complex subunits, which together with the reduction in E, the mitofusin 2 decrease and the mitochondrial network fragmentation observed by MitoTracker Green, suggest the mitochondrial morphology alteration and the decrease in mitochondrial mass induced by CDDP. CDDP also induced the reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis observed by transcription factor A, mitochondria (TFAM) decreased protein-level and the increase in mitophagy. All these changes were prevented by αM. Taken together, our results imply that αM’s protective effects in CDDP-induced toxicity in LLC-PK1 cells are associated to mitochondrial function preservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

28 pages, 3807 KiB

Open AccessReview

Medicinal Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Murraya koenigii and its Primary Bioactive Compounds

by Rengasamy Balakrishnan, Dhanraj Vijayraja, Song-Hee Jo, Palanivel Ganesan, In Su-Kim and Dong-Kug Choi

Antioxidants 2020, 9(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020101 - 24 Jan 2020

Cited by 111 | Viewed by 13136

Abstract

The discovery of several revitalizing molecules that can stop or reduce the pathology of a wide range of diseases will be considered a major breakthrough of the present time. Available synthetic compounds may provoke side effects and health issues, which heightens the need [...] Read more.

The discovery of several revitalizing molecules that can stop or reduce the pathology of a wide range of diseases will be considered a major breakthrough of the present time. Available synthetic compounds may provoke side effects and health issues, which heightens the need for molecules from plants and other natural resources under discovery as potential methods of replacing synthetic compounds. In traditional medicinal therapies, several plant extracts and phytochemicals have been reported to impart remedial effects as better alternatives. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) belongs to the Rutaceae family, which is commonly used as a medicinally important herb of Indian origin in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Previous reports have demonstrated that the leaves, roots, and bark of this plant are rich sources of carbazole alkaloids, which produce potent biological activities and pharmacological effects. These include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. The present review provides insight into the major components of M. koenigii and their pharmacological activities against different pathological conditions. The review also emphasizes the need for more research on the molecular basis of such activity in various cellular and animal models to validate the efficacy of M. koenigii and its derivatives as potent therapeutic agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

42 pages, 627 KiB

Open AccessReview

Grown to Be Blue—Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part II: Leafy, Fruit, and Other Vegetables

by Francesco Di Gioia, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, Youssef Rouphael, Marios C. Kyriacou, Shirley L. Sampaio, Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira and Spyridon A. Petropoulos

Antioxidants 2020, 9(2), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020097 - 23 Jan 2020

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 10817

Abstract

The current trend for substituting synthetic compounds with natural ones in the design and production of functional and healthy foods has increased the research interest about natural colorants. Although coloring agents from plant origin are already used in the food and beverage industry, [...] Read more.

The current trend for substituting synthetic compounds with natural ones in the design and production of functional and healthy foods has increased the research interest about natural colorants. Although coloring agents from plant origin are already used in the food and beverage industry, the market and consumer demands for novel and diverse food products are increasing and new plant sources are explored. Fresh vegetables are considered a good source of such compounds, especially when considering the great color diversity that exists among the various species or even the cultivars within the same species. In the present review we aim to present the most common species of colored vegetables, focusing on leafy and fruit vegetables, as well as on vegetables where other plant parts are commercially used, with special attention to blue color. The compounds that are responsible for the uncommon colors will be also presented and their beneficial health effects and antioxidant properties will be unraveled. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

26 pages, 1580 KiB

Open AccessReview

Grown to be Blue—Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part I: Root Vegetables

by Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Shirley L. Sampaio, Francesco Di Gioia, Nikos Tzortzakis, Youssef Rouphael, Marios C. Kyriacou and Isabel Ferreira

Antioxidants 2019, 8(12), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120617 - 4 Dec 2019

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 10720

Abstract

During the last few decades, the food and beverage industry faced increasing demand for the design of new functional food products free of synthetic compounds and artificial additives. Anthocyanins are widely used as natural colorants in various food products to replenish blue color [...] Read more.

During the last few decades, the food and beverage industry faced increasing demand for the design of new functional food products free of synthetic compounds and artificial additives. Anthocyanins are widely used as natural colorants in various food products to replenish blue color losses during processing and to add blue color to colorless products, while other compounds such as carotenoids and betalains are considered as good sources of other shades. Root vegetables are well known for their broad palette of colors, and some species, such as black carrot and beet root, are already widely used as sources of natural colorants in the food and drug industry. Ongoing research aims at identifying alternative vegetable sources with diverse functional and structural features imparting beneficial effects onto human health. The current review provides a systematic description of colored root vegetables based on their belowground edible parts, and it highlights species and/or cultivars that present atypical colors, especially those containing pigment compounds responsible for hues of blue color. Finally, the main health effects and antioxidant properties associated with the presence of coloring compounds are presented, as well as the effects that processing treatments may have on chemical composition and coloring compounds in particular. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 2368 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value

by Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia, Miguel A. Prieto Lage, Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez, Juan C. Mejuto and Jesus Simal-Gandara

Antioxidants 2019, 8(9), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090406 - 17 Sep 2019

Cited by 170 | Viewed by 12689

Abstract

Two thirds of the world is covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by algae. This means that there is a large extension to obtain these photoautotrophic organisms. Algae have undergone a boom in recent years, with consequent discoveries and advances in [...] Read more.

Two thirds of the world is covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by algae. This means that there is a large extension to obtain these photoautotrophic organisms. Algae have undergone a boom in recent years, with consequent discoveries and advances in this field. Algae are not only of high ecological value but also of great economic importance. Possible applications of algae are very diverse and include anti-biofilm activity, production of biofuels, bioremediation, as fertilizer, as fish feed, as food or food ingredients, in pharmacology (since they show antioxidant or contraceptive activities), in cosmeceutical formulation, and in such other applications as filters or for obtaining minerals. In this context, algae as food can be of help to maintain or even improve human health, and there is a growing interest in new products called functional foods, which can promote such a healthy state. Therefore, in this search, one of the main areas of research is the extraction and characterization of new natural ingredients with biological activity (e.g., prebiotic and antioxidant) that can contribute to consumers’ well-being. The present review shows the results of a bibliographic survey on the chemical composition of macroalgae, together with a critical discussion about their potential as natural sources of new functional ingredients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 1230 KiB

Open AccessReview

Brown Macroalgae as Valuable Food Ingredients

by Nuno C. Afonso, Marcelo D. Catarino, Artur M. S. Silva and Susana M. Cardoso

Antioxidants 2019, 8(9), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090365 - 2 Sep 2019

Cited by 109 | Viewed by 8168

Abstract

Due to the balanced nutritional value and abundance of bioactive compounds, seaweeds represent great candidates to be used as health-promoting ingredients by the food industry. In this field, Phaeophyta, i.e., brown macroalgae, have been receiving great attention particularly due to their abundance in [...] Read more.

Due to the balanced nutritional value and abundance of bioactive compounds, seaweeds represent great candidates to be used as health-promoting ingredients by the food industry. In this field, Phaeophyta, i.e., brown macroalgae, have been receiving great attention particularly due to their abundance in complex polysaccharides, phlorotannins, fucoxanthin and iodine. In the past decade, brown algae and their extracts have been extensively studied, aiming at the development of well-accepted products with the simultaneous enhancement of nutritional value and/or shelf-life. However, the reports aiming at their bioactivity in in vivo models are still scarce and need additional exploration. Therefore, this manuscript revises the relevant literature data regarding the development of Phaeophyta-enriched food products, namely those focused on species considered as safe for human consumption in Europe. Hopefully, this will create awareness to the need of further studies in order to determine how those benefits can translate to human beings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

37 pages, 497 KiB

Open AccessReview

Health Benefits of Nut Consumption in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population

by Marius Emil Rusu, Andrei Mocan, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira and Daniela-Saveta Popa

Antioxidants 2019, 8(8), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080302 - 12 Aug 2019

Cited by 46 | Viewed by 14979

Abstract

Aging is considered the major risk factor for most chronic disorders. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are two major contributors for cellular senescence, downregulation of stress response pathways with a decrease of protective cellular activity and accumulation of cellular damage, leading in time [...] Read more.

Aging is considered the major risk factor for most chronic disorders. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are two major contributors for cellular senescence, downregulation of stress response pathways with a decrease of protective cellular activity and accumulation of cellular damage, leading in time to age-related diseases. This review investigated the most recent clinical trials and cohort studies published in the last ten years, which presented the influence of tree nut and peanut antioxidant diets in preventing or delaying age-related diseases in middle-aged and elderly subjects (≥55 years old). Tree nut and peanut ingestion has the possibility to influence blood lipid count, biochemical and anthropometric parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers, thereby positively affecting cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, cancers, and cognitive disorders, mainly through the nuts’ healthy lipid profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of actions. Clinical evidence and scientific findings demonstrate the importance of diets characterized by a high intake of nuts and emphasize their potential in preventing age-related diseases, validating the addition of tree nuts and peanuts in the diet of older adults. Therefore, increased consumption of bioactive antioxidant compounds from nuts clearly impacts many risk factors related to aging and can extend health span and lifespan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira)

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Antioxidant Properties of Natural Products: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Related Special Issues

Published Papers (24 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI