Antioxidants

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12 pages, 1350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Peptides: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cell Line

by Sara Avilés-Gaxiola, Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo, Israel García-Aguiar and J. Basilio Heredia

Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111367 - 8 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species are produced as part of the cellular metabolism. However, lifestyle can promote an excess in their concentration. Free radicals react with DNA, promoting the appearance of cancer cells. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been suggested as an alternative to prevent this [...] Read more.

Reactive oxygen species are produced as part of the cellular metabolism. However, lifestyle can promote an excess in their concentration. Free radicals react with DNA, promoting the appearance of cancer cells. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been suggested as an alternative to prevent this disorder. Peptides are protein fragments that have been produced from various plants. In previous work, Moringa oleifera leaf peptides (MOPHs) with antioxidant potential were generated and identified. However, the spectrophotometric methods used to evaluate their antioxidant activity do not fully reflect its potential. In this work, the antioxidant activity of MOPHs was assessed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and cellular antioxidant activity method on the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Also, their antiproliferative activity was evaluated. The MOPHs exhibited a FRAP activity of 1435 µmol TE/g, and at 500 µg/mL; the peptides did not show a cytotoxic effect on healthy colon CCD-18Co cells. Moreover, the MOPHs increased Caco-2 antioxidative activity to a greater extent by 73.45% and 83.62% at 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Regarding cellular proliferation, the MOPHs inhibited it by 78.19% and 90.20% at 200 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf peptides as functional ingredients with significant health benefits, demonstrating antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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19 pages, 1942 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Invasive Seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae: A Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity

by Radia N. A. Belhadj, Cristina Mellinas, Alfonso Jiménez, César Bordehore and Maria Carmen Garrigós

Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111298 - 25 Oct 2024

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Abstract

Rugulopteryx okamurae (RO) is a species of brown seaweed that has invaded several shorelines worldwide, including the Spanish Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar coasts, causing serious environmental and economic problems. This work aimed to characterize the bioactive composition of RO. A high [...] Read more.

Rugulopteryx okamurae (RO) is a species of brown seaweed that has invaded several shorelines worldwide, including the Spanish Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar coasts, causing serious environmental and economic problems. This work aimed to characterize the bioactive composition of RO. A high content of carbohydrates (58.7 ± 2.6 wt%), fats (17.1 ± 0.4 wt%), and ashes (14.3 ± 0.2 wt%) were found, together with lower protein content (5.5 ± 1.8 wt%). Holocellulose was the most abundant polysaccharide fraction (49.2 ± 1.3 wt%), showing 43.4 ± 2.0 wt% of cellulose and 5.8 ± 0.7 wt% of hemicellulose, followed by lignin (18.9 ± 2.5 wt%). The monosaccharides composition showed a high level of glucose (13.2 ± 1 wt%) and glucuronic acid (9.3 ± 0.5 wt%). RO contained high levels of essential nutrients (Ca, K, Na, S, Mg), trace minerals (Mn, Mo, Se, and Cu), and some toxic heavy metals (Ni, Cd, As). The main fatty acid present in RO was palmitic acid (C16:0, 30.8 ± 3.0 mg/100 g), followed by myristic acid (C14:0, 19.3 ± 2.4 mg/100 g) and eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4, 19.2 ± 1.3 mg/100 g). The extract obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) presented significant contents of polyphenols (2.7 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (3.0 ± 0.4 mg TE/g DPPH, 4.5 ± 0.3 mg TE/g ABTS, 4.7 ± 0.3 mg TE/g FRAP). Six main polyphenols were identified by HPLC-MS/MS, showing higher contents of gallic acid (20.7 ± 1.5 mg/g) and chlorogenic acid (9.7 ± 0.5 mg/g). These results highlight the possibilities offered in the valorization of RO to obtain bioactive compounds with antioxidant performance in several applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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26 pages, 1420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functional, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activity of Edible Flowers

by Elena Coyago-Cruz, Alejandro Alarcón, Aida Guachamin, Gabriela Méndez, Edison Osorio, Jorge Heredia-Moya, Johana Zuñiga-Miranda, Elena Beltrán-Sinchiguano and Edwin Vera

Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1297; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111297 - 25 Oct 2024

Viewed by 668

Abstract

Edible flowers have been used since ancient times, but their potential for improving human health has not been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of bioactive compounds (organic acids, phenolics, and carotenoids) and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of nine flower [...] Read more.

Edible flowers have been used since ancient times, but their potential for improving human health has not been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of bioactive compounds (organic acids, phenolics, and carotenoids) and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of nine flower varieties with high concentrations of carotenoids or total phenolic compounds. Ninety-three edible flowers were analysed for physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic and carotenoid concentrations, and antioxidant activity (ABTS). Bioactive profiles were determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC), and antimicrobial activity was determined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Chrysanthemum x hybrid orange, Helianthus annuus yellow, Tagetes patula orange, Canna indica red, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (orange1 and yellow) showed significant concentrations of total carotenoids. In contrast, Pelargonium hortorum orange2, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red1, and Rosa x hybrid variety medium yellow showed high levels of total phenolics. The predominant compounds in these species were citric acid (991.4 mg/g DW in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (936.2 mg/100 g DW in P. hortorum orange2), kaempferol (971. 9 mg/100 g DW in T. patula orange), quercetin glucoside (958.8 in C. x hybrid), quercetin (919.3 mg/100 g DW in T. patula), α-carotene, and β-carotene in T. patula orange (989.5 and 601.2 mg/100 g DW, respectively). Regarding antimicrobial activity, T. patula orange and P. hortorum orange2 inhibited bacterial growth, while C. x hybrid orange and P. hortorum orange2 inhibited Candida albicans, and the latter inhibited Candida tropicalis. These results indicate the potential of edible flowers as a natural source of bioactive compounds and as a tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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25 pages, 8574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Baicalein Ameliorates Insulin Resistance of HFD/STZ Mice Through Activating PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway of Liver and Skeletal Muscle in a GLP-1R-Dependent Manner

by Na Liu, Xin Cui, Tingli Guo, Xiaotong Wei, Yuzhuo Sun, Jieyun Liu, Yangyang Zhang, Weina Ma, Wenhui Yan and Lina Chen

Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101246 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 978

Abstract

Insulin resistance (IR) is the principal pathophysiological change occurring in diabetes mellitus (DM). Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid primarily extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown in our previous research to be a potential natural glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) [...] Read more.

Insulin resistance (IR) is the principal pathophysiological change occurring in diabetes mellitus (DM). Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid primarily extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown in our previous research to be a potential natural glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. However, the exact therapeutic effect of baicalein on DM and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of baicalein on diabetes and sought to clarify its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that baicalein improves hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and glucometabolic disorders in mice with induced diabetes via GLP-1R. This was confirmed by the finding that baicalein’s effects on improving IR were largely diminished in mice with whole-body Glp1r ablation. Complementarily, network pharmacology analysis highlighted the pivotal involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) insulin signaling pathway in the therapeutic actions of baicalein on IR. Our mechanism research significantly confirmed that baicalein mitigates hepatic and muscular IR through the PI3K/AKT signal pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that baicalein enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells under IR conditions through the Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) signaling pathway in a GLP-1R-dependent manner. In conclusion, our findings confirm the therapeutic effects of baicalein on IR and reveal that it improves IR in liver and muscle tissues through the PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway in a GLP-1R dependent manner. Moreover, we clarified that baicalein enhances the glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue through the Ca²⁺/CaMKII-AMPK-GLUT4 signal pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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29 pages, 3529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant, Nutritional Properties, Microbiological, and Health Safety of Juice from Organic and Conventional ‘Solaris’ Wine (Vitis vinifera L.) Farming

by Ireneusz Ochmian, Sebastian W. Przemieniecki, Magdalena Błaszak, Magdalena Twarużek and Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska

Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101214 - 9 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1174

Abstract

This study investigated the technological parameters, microbiological, and functional properties of juice from Solaris grapes grown under conventional and organic farming systems to assess how these cultivation methods influence juice quality. The one-year study focused on key aspects such as the levels of [...] Read more.

This study investigated the technological parameters, microbiological, and functional properties of juice from Solaris grapes grown under conventional and organic farming systems to assess how these cultivation methods influence juice quality. The one-year study focused on key aspects such as the levels of health-promoting polyphenols, the presence of mycotoxins, and pesticide residues. Organic grapes showed greater bacterial and fungal diversity, with significant differences in dominant genera. Sphingomonas and Massilia were the predominant bacteria across both systems, while Erysiphe was more common in conventional grapes, and Aureobasidium was abundant in both. Despite the presence of genes for mycotoxin production, no mycotoxins were detected in the juice or pomace. Organic juice exhibited significantly higher levels of polyphenols, leading to enhanced antioxidant properties and improved technological characteristics, including lower acidity and higher nitrogen content. However, residues of sulfur and copper, used in organic farming, were detected in the juice, while conventional juice contained synthetic pesticide residues like cyprodinil and fludioxonil. These findings highlight that while organic juice offers better quality and safety in terms of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, it also carries risks related to residues from organic treatments, and conventional juice poses risks due to synthetic pesticide contamination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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18 pages, 3455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protective Effects of Anethole in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seed Ethanol Extract on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in H9C2 Heart Myoblast Cells

by Jeong Won Seo, Sarmin Ummey Habiba, Yeasmin Akter Munni, Ho Jin Choi, Asma Aktar, Kishor Mazumder, Deuk-Young Nah, In-Jun Yang and Il Soo Moon

Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101161 - 25 Sep 2024

Viewed by 910

Abstract

Background: Active compounds from plants and herbs are increasingly incorporated into modern medical systems to address cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly known as fennel, is an aromatic medicinal plant and culinary herb that is popular worldwide. Methods: Protective effects against cellular [...] Read more.

Background: Active compounds from plants and herbs are increasingly incorporated into modern medical systems to address cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly known as fennel, is an aromatic medicinal plant and culinary herb that is popular worldwide. Methods: Protective effects against cellular damage were assessed in the H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experimental model. The identities of phytochemicals in FVSE were determined by GC-MS analysis. The phytochemical’s potential for nutrients and pharmacokinetic properties was assessed by ADMET analysis. Results: GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extracts of F. vulgare identified 41 bioactive compounds, with four prominent ones: anethole, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, ethoxydimethylphenylsilane, and para-anisaldehyde diethyl acetal. Among these, anethole stands out due to its potential for nutrients and pharmacokinetic properties assessed by ADMET analysis, such as bioavailability, lipophilicity, flexibility, and compliance with Lipinski’s Rule of Five. In the H/R injury model of H9C2 heart myoblast cells, FVSE and anethole suppressed H/R-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA double-strand break damage, nuclear condensation, and the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Conclusions: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of FVSE and its prominent component, anethole, in the treatment of CVDs, particularly those associated with hypoxia-induced damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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13 pages, 5367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical Composition and Toxicological Screening of Anise Myrtle and Lemon Myrtle Using Zebrafish Larvae

by Paolin Rocio Cáceres-Vélez, Akhtar Ali, Alexandre Fournier-Level, Frank R. Dunshea and Patricia Regina Jusuf

Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080977 - 12 Aug 2024

Viewed by 900

Abstract

Plants are an immense source of drugs, and 50% of modern pharmacopeia has a plant origin. With increasing life expectancy in humans, many age-related degenerative diseases converge on oxidative cellular stress pathways. This provides an opportunity to develop broad treatments by targeting the [...] Read more.

Plants are an immense source of drugs, and 50% of modern pharmacopeia has a plant origin. With increasing life expectancy in humans, many age-related degenerative diseases converge on oxidative cellular stress pathways. This provides an opportunity to develop broad treatments by targeting the cause of common pathologic cell degeneration. Toxicological effects can be readily assessed in a live animal model system to establish potential fauna for clinical use. Here, we characterized and evaluated the antioxidant potential and toxicological effects of anise myrtle (Syzygium anisatum) and lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves. Using zebrafish larvae, a model for high-throughput pre-clinical in vivo toxicology screening, we identified safe levels of extract exposures for development of future therapeutics. The antioxidant capacity and toxicity were very similar in these two myrtles. The LC₅₀-96h for anise myrtle was 284 mg/L, and for lemon myrtle, it was 270 mg/L. These measurements are comparable to ongoing studies we are performing using the same criteria in zebrafish, which allow for robust testing and prioritization of natural fauna for drug development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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14 pages, 1172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of In Vitro-Derived Hop Plantlets, cv. Columbus and Magnum, as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds

by Leandra Leto, Claudia Favari, Anna Agosti, Lorenzo Del Vecchio, Andrea Di Fazio, Letizia Bresciani, Pedro Mena, Valeria Guarrasi, Martina Cirlini and Benedetta Chiancone

Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080909 - 28 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1199

Abstract

The demand for bioactive secondary metabolites of natural origin is increasing every day. Micropropagation could be a strategy to respond more quickly to market demands, regardless of seasonality. This research aims to evaluate in vitro-grown plants of two hop varieties, namely Columbus and [...] Read more.

The demand for bioactive secondary metabolites of natural origin is increasing every day. Micropropagation could be a strategy to respond more quickly to market demands, regardless of seasonality. This research aims to evaluate in vitro-grown plants of two hop varieties, namely Columbus and Magnum, as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The extracts were characterized in terms of total phenolic content by a Folin–Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant capacity by DPPH^•, ABTS⁺, and FRAP assays. The bioactive compound profile of the extracts from both varieties was determined by using UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. The results confirmed richness in (poly)phenols and other secondary metabolites of the in vitro-grown hop plantlets. Thirty-two compounds belonging to the major families of phytochemicals characteristic of the species were identified, and twenty-six were quantified, mainly flavonoids, including xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol, phenolic acids, as well as α- and β-acids. This study confirms the validity of in vitro-derived hop plantlets as source of bioactive compounds to be used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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18 pages, 3536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced In Vitro Efficacy of Verbascoside in Suppressing Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via ROS Scavenging with Reverse Microemulsion

by Xiao Xiao, Feiyu Yang, Yuling Huang, Shaohui Liu, Zhenhua Hu, Shanggao Liao and Yuanyuan Li

Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080907 - 27 Jul 2024

Viewed by 784

Abstract

Numerous approaches targeting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have emerged as pivotal therapeutic strategies to mitigate liver fibrosis and are currently undergoing clinical trials. The investigation of herbal drugs or isolated natural active compounds is particularly valuable, due to their multifaceted functions and low [...] Read more.

Numerous approaches targeting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have emerged as pivotal therapeutic strategies to mitigate liver fibrosis and are currently undergoing clinical trials. The investigation of herbal drugs or isolated natural active compounds is particularly valuable, due to their multifaceted functions and low risk of side effects. Recent studies have hinted at the potential efficacy of verbascoside (VB) in ameliorating renal and lung fibrosis, yet its impact on hepatic fibrosis remains to be elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of VB on liver fibrosis by assessing its ability to inhibit HSC activation. VB demonstrated significant efficacy in suppressing the expression of fibrogenic genes in activated LX-2 cells. Additionally, VB inhibited the migration and proliferation of these activated HSCs by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulating the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, a biosafe reverse microemulsion loaded with VB (VB-ME) was developed to improve VB’s instability and low bioavailability. The optimal formulation of VB-ME was meticulously characterized, revealing substantial enhancements in cellular uptake, ROS-scavenging capacity, and the suppression of HSC activation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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11 pages, 951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Pulp, Peel and Seeds from Jeriva (Syagrus romanzoffiana)

by Beatriz C. B. S. Mello, Angelika Malarski and Volker Böhm

Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060711 - 12 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1047

Abstract

Jeriva (Syagrus romanzoffiana) is a fruit from palm trees of the Arecaceae family, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Latin America. It has low production costs and high productivity throughout the year; however, its consumption is very low, and [...] Read more.

Jeriva (Syagrus romanzoffiana) is a fruit from palm trees of the Arecaceae family, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Latin America. It has low production costs and high productivity throughout the year; however, its consumption is very low, and the production goes almost entirely to feed animals or to waste. To improve its consumption, a good characterization of the whole fruit is necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the jeriva pulp, peel and seeds according to carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, tocopherols and antioxidant potential using HPLC, microplate readers and spectrophotometric methods. Every part of the fruit exhibited antioxidant capacity in the ORAC and TEAC tests, which can be attributed to its high concentration of polyphenols. Carotenoids were more present in the pulp and peel and almost absent in the seeds. Vitamin C ranged from 12 ± 1 for the seeds up to 92 ± 3 mg/100 g for the pulp. The total phenolic content was quantified between 473 ± 39 for the seeds and 1089 ± 32 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/100 g for the pulp. These results demonstrate that all parts of this fruit have important bioactive nutrients, with promising perspectives for further scientific approaches and for composing formulations of food products to enhance functional properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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19 pages, 1490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formulation and Physical–Chemical Analysis of Functional Muffin Made with Inulin, Moringa, and Cacao Adapted for Elderly People with Parkinson’s Disease

by Paula García-Milla, Rocío Peñalver and Gema Nieto

Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060683 - 31 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1001

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects people’s health. Constipation is probably one of the most prominent gastrointestinal symptoms (non-motor symptoms) of PD with devastating consequences. The aim of this research work is to formulate a functional food product, supplemented with [...] Read more.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects people’s health. Constipation is probably one of the most prominent gastrointestinal symptoms (non-motor symptoms) of PD with devastating consequences. The aim of this research work is to formulate a functional food product, supplemented with inulin, cocoa, and Moringa, which can be an adjuvant in the treatment of constipation. The product was prepared according to a muffin or “Chilean cake” recipe; this basic muffin was prepared with additions of inulin (MI), inulin + cacao (MIC), and inulin + Moringa (MIM). A physical–chemical analysis of the macronutrients and an antioxidant capacity assessment of the samples were conducted, as well as a sensory evaluation performed by a group of people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A statistically significant difference was observed in the soluble (p = 0.0023) and insoluble (p = 0.0015) fiber values between the control samples and all samples. Furthermore, inulin + cacao improved the antioxidant capacity and folate intake compared to the control. Inulin alone has been shown to have antioxidant capacity according to ABTS (262.5728 ± 34.74 μmol TE/g) and DPPH (9.092518 ± 10.43 μmol TE/g) assays. A sensory evaluation showed a preference for the product with inulin and for the product with inulin + cacao, with a 78% purchase intention being reported by the subjects who evaluated the products. The incorporation of inulin and cacao improved the nutritional value of the muffins; the dietary fiber, antioxidant capacity and folate content are some of the features that stood out. A bakery product enriched with inulin, cocoa and Moringa could serve as a nutritional strategy to enhance nutritional value, thus helping in the treatment of constipation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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18 pages, 3763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Εleven Greek Legume Beans: Assessment of Genotypic Effect on Their Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties

by Eleni D. Myrtsi, Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios, Christos Petsoulas, Sofia D. Koulocheri, Epameinondas Evergetis and Serkos A. Haroutounian

Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040459 - 13 Apr 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1237

Abstract

Legumes, one of the first crops of humanity, inherently constitute a staple nutritional source for mankind, attracting significant research attention that has been afforded to the development of numerous cultivars. The study herein concerns the exploitation of the nutritional and bio-functional content of [...] Read more.

Legumes, one of the first crops of humanity, inherently constitute a staple nutritional source for mankind, attracting significant research attention that has been afforded to the development of numerous cultivars. The study herein concerns the exploitation of the nutritional and bio-functional content of beans harvested from eleven Greek cultivars belonging to five different species, namely Cicer arietinum L., Pisum sativum L., Vicia faba L., Lens culinaris L., and Phaseolus vulgaris L. The final goal is to define their varietal identity and correlate their phytochemical content with their potential utilization as functional foods and/or feed of high nutritional value. In this respect, their extracts were screened against the presence of 27 fatty acids and 19 phenolic compounds, revealing the presence of 22 and 15 molecules, respectively. Specifically, numerous fatty acids were detected in significant amounts in all but C. arietinum extract, while significant polyphenolic content was confirmed only in P. vulgaris. Among individual compounds, linoleic acid was the major fatty acid detected in amounts averaging more than 150 mg/g, followed by oleic acid, which was present as a major compound in all extracts. Among the nine polyphenols detected in P. vulgaris, the molecules of genistein (3.88 mg/g) and coumestrol (0.82 mg/g) were the most abundant. Their antioxidant properties were evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays, which were highlighted as most potent in both tests of the V. faba extract, while C. arietinum was determined as totally inactive, indicating a potential correlation between the phenolic content of the plant species and antioxidant activity. These results are indicative of the significant advances achieved for the cultivars investigated and reveal their important role as nutritional crops for human and animal consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 2959 KiB

Open AccessReview

Wine Phenolic Compounds: Chemistry, Functionality and Health Benefits

by Youssef El Rayess, Nancy Nehme, Samar Azzi-Achkouty and Sofi G. Julien

Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1312; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111312 - 28 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1154

Abstract

Wine phenolic compounds, often known as polyphenols, are a diverse group of secondary bioactive compounds derived from grapes. They play a crucial role in defining the sensory characteristics, functionality, and health benefits of wine. This review explores the complex chemistry of these compounds, [...] Read more.

Wine phenolic compounds, often known as polyphenols, are a diverse group of secondary bioactive compounds derived from grapes. They play a crucial role in defining the sensory characteristics, functionality, and health benefits of wine. This review explores the complex chemistry of these compounds, focusing on key classes such as flavonoids, which include flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols, and non-flavonoids, such as hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and stilbenes. The health benefits of wine phenolics, particularly their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are also discussed in relation to preventing and reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, this review summarized the most current data from human population-based research that investigated the bioactivity of these red wine phytochemicals with relevant health benefits for NCDs. Finally, this review proposes some perspectives for future research to better understand the bioavailability, metabolism, and long-term health effects of these compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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37 pages, 2917 KiB

Open AccessReview

Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Anthocyanins in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

by Tomasz Kowalczyk, Martyna Muskała, Anna Merecz-Sadowska, Joanna Sikora, Laurent Picot and Przemysław Sitarek

Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091143 - 22 Sep 2024

Viewed by 2027

Abstract

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds responsible for the vibrant colors of many fruits and vegetables, have received considerable attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits. This review, focusing on evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies, provides [...] Read more.

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds responsible for the vibrant colors of many fruits and vegetables, have received considerable attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits. This review, focusing on evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies, provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the health-promoting properties of anthocyanins. The chemical structure and diversity of anthocyanins, their bioavailability, and their mechanisms of action at the cellular and molecular level are examined. Research on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins is critically reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the role of anthocyanins in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review also discusses the challenges of translating in vitro findings to in vivo and highlights the importance of considering dose, bioavailability, and metabolism when assessing the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins. This review concludes with the identification of gaps in current research and suggestions for future directions for anthocyanin studies, including the need for more long-term clinical trials and investigations into potential synergistic effects with other phytochemicals. This comprehensive analysis highlights the promising role of anthocyanins in promoting human health and provides valuable insights for researchers, health professionals, and the nutraceutical industry. This study provides new insights, as it comprehensively investigates the dual anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of anthocyanins in both in vitro and in vivo models. By uncovering the biological properties of anthocyanins from a variety of natural sources, this research not only expands our knowledge of the action of these compounds at the cellular level, but also enhances their clinical relevance through in vivo validation. Furthermore, the innovative use of anthocyanins may lead to important advances in their therapeutic application in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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29 pages, 2612 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Phytochemicals in Treatment of Aging and Cancer: Focus on Mechanism of FOXO3 Activation

by See-Hyoung Park

Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091099 - 11 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1590

Abstract

There have been many studies reporting that the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer and age-related chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that reducing reactive oxygen species and inflammation by phytochemicals derived from natural sources can [...] Read more.

There have been many studies reporting that the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer and age-related chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that reducing reactive oxygen species and inflammation by phytochemicals derived from natural sources can extend lifespans in a range of model organisms. Phytochemicals derived from fruits and vegetables have been known to display both preventative and suppressive activities against various types of cancer via in vitro and in vivo research by interfering with cellular processes critical for tumor development. The current challenge lies in creating tailored supplements containing specific phytochemicals for individual needs. Achieving this goal requires a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which phytochemicals affect human health. In this review, we examine recently (from 2010 to 2024) reported plant extracts and phytochemicals with established anti-aging and anti-cancer effects via the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional factor. Additionally, we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these molecules exert their anti-aging and anti-cancer effects in specific model systems. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of the current research approach and outline for potential future directions in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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32 pages, 7194 KiB

Open AccessReview

Harnessing the Potential of Quinoa: Nutritional Profiling, Bioactive Components, and Implications for Health Promotion

by Xiaomin Xi, Guanghe Fan, Huimin Xue, Shuai Peng, Weidong Huang and Jicheng Zhan

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070829 - 10 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2698

Abstract

Quinoa, a globally cultivated “golden grain” belonging to Chenopodium in the Amaranthaceae family, is recognized for being gluten-free, with a balanced amino acid profile and multiple bioactive components, including peptides, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and saponins. The bioactive compounds extracted from quinoa offer multifaceted health [...] Read more.

Quinoa, a globally cultivated “golden grain” belonging to Chenopodium in the Amaranthaceae family, is recognized for being gluten-free, with a balanced amino acid profile and multiple bioactive components, including peptides, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and saponins. The bioactive compounds extracted from quinoa offer multifaceted health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardiovascular disease (CVD) improvement, gut microbiota regulation, and anti-cancer effects. This review aims to intricately outline quinoa’s nutritional value, functional components, and physiological benefits. Importantly, we comprehensively provide conclusions on the effects and mechanisms of these quinoa-derived bioactive components on multiple cancer types, revealing the potential of quinoa seeds as promising and effective anti-cancer agents. Furthermore, the health-promoting role of quinoa in modulating gut microbiota, maintaining gut homeostasis, and protecting intestinal integrity was specifically emphasized. Finally, we provided a forward-looking description of the opportunities and challenges for the future exploration of quinoa. However, in-depth studies of molecular targets and clinical trials are warranted to fully understand the bioavailability and therapeutic application of quinoa-derived compounds, especially in cancer treatment and gut microbiota regulation. This review sheds light on the prospect of developing dietary quinoa into functional foods or drugs to prevent and manage human diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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32 pages, 6873 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions

by Mani Iyer Prasanth, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Clerance Su Yee Cheong, Kanika Verma, Tewin Tencomnao, James Michael Brimson and Anchalee Prasansuklab

Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050606 - 15 May 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2520

Abstract

Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that [...] Read more.

Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)

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