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Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm, and Devices

by Gangbing Song, Steve C. S. Cai and Hong-Nan Li

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(8), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7080801 - 7 Aug 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3550

Abstract

The topic of vibration control and energy dissipation is among the oldest and most relevant in the field of engineering [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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4155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of a Simplified Method to Estimate the Peak Inter-Story Drift Ratio of Steel Frames with Hysteretic Dampers

by Jae-Do Kang and Yasuhiro Mori

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(5), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7050449 - 27 Apr 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6321

Abstract

In this paper, a simplified method is proposed to estimate the peak inter-story drift ratios of steel frames with hysteretic dampers. The simplified method involved the following: (1) the inelastic spectral displacement is estimated using a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with multi-springs, which is [...] Read more.

In this paper, a simplified method is proposed to estimate the peak inter-story drift ratios of steel frames with hysteretic dampers. The simplified method involved the following: (1) the inelastic spectral displacement is estimated using a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with multi-springs, which is equivalent to a steel frame with dampers and in which multi-springs represent the hysteretic behavior of dampers; (2) the first inelastic mode vector is estimated using a pattern of story drifts obtained from nonlinear static pushover analysis; and (3) the effects of modes higher than the first mode are estimated by using the jth modal period, jth mode vector, and jth modal damping ratio obtained from eigenvalue analysis. The accuracy of the simplified method is estimated using the results of nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) on a series of three-story, six-story, and twelve-story steel moment resisting frames with steel hysteretic dampers. Based on the results of a comparison of the peak inter-story drift ratios estimated by the simplified method and that computed via NTHA using an elaborate analytical model, the accuracy of the simplified method is sufficient for evaluating seismic demands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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11835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

PTMD Control on a Benchmark TV Tower under Earthquake and Wind Load Excitations

by Wei Lin, Gangbing Song and Shanghong Chen

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(4), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7040425 - 22 Apr 2017

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6722

Abstract

A pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) is introduced by making use of the energy dissipated during impact. In the proposed PTMD, a viscoelastic layer is attached to an impact limitation collar so that energy can be further consumed and transferred to heat energy. [...] Read more.

A pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) is introduced by making use of the energy dissipated during impact. In the proposed PTMD, a viscoelastic layer is attached to an impact limitation collar so that energy can be further consumed and transferred to heat energy. An improved numerical model to simulate pounding force is proposed and verified through experimentation. The accuracy of the proposed model was validated against a traditional Hertz-based pounding model. A comparison showed that the improved model tends to have a better prediction of the peak pounding force. A simulation was then carried out by taking the benchmark Canton Tower, which is a super-tall structure, as the host structure. The dynamic responses of uncontrolled, TMD-controlled and PTMD controlled system were simulated under wind and earthquake excitations. Unlike traditional TMDs, which are sensitive to input excitations and the mass ratio, the proposed PTMD maintains a stable level of control efficiency when the structure is excited by different earthquake records and different intensities. Particularly, more improvement can be observed when an extreme earthquake is considered. The proposed PTMD was able to achieve similar, or even better, control effectiveness with a lower mass ratio. These results demonstrate the superior adaptability of the PTMD and its applicability for protection of a building against seismic activity. A parametric study was then performed to investigate the influence of the mass ratio and the gap value on the control efficiency. A comparison of results show that better control results will be guaranteed by optimization of the gap value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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4704 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation of a Base Isolation System Incorporating MR Dampers with the High-Order Single Step Control Algorithm

by Weiqing Fu, Chunwei Zhang, Li Sun, Mohsen Askari, Bijan Samali, Kwok L. Chung and Pezhman Sharafi

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(4), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7040344 - 30 Mar 2017

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6085

Abstract

The conventional isolation structure with rubber bearings exhibits large deformation characteristics when subjected to infrequent earthquakes, which may lead to failure of the isolation layer. Although passive dampers can be used to reduce the layer displacement, the layer deformation and superstructure acceleration responses [...] Read more.

The conventional isolation structure with rubber bearings exhibits large deformation characteristics when subjected to infrequent earthquakes, which may lead to failure of the isolation layer. Although passive dampers can be used to reduce the layer displacement, the layer deformation and superstructure acceleration responses will increase in cases of fortification earthquakes or frequently occurring earthquakes. In addition to secondary damages and loss of life, such excessive displacement results in damages to the facilities in the structure. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper presents a structural vibration control system where the base isolation system is composed of rubber bearings with magnetorheological (MR) damper and are regulated using the innovative control strategy. The high-order single-step algorithm with continuity and switch control strategies are applied to the control system. Shaking table test results under various earthquake conditions indicate that the proposed isolation method, compared with passive isolation technique, can effectively suppress earthquake responses for acceleration of superstructure and deformation within the isolation layer. As a result, this structural control method exhibits excellent performance, such as fast computation, generic real-time control, acceleration reduction and high seismic energy dissipation etc. The relative merits of the continuity and switch control strategies are also compared and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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1038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Design of Hybrid Interstory-Interbuilding Multi-Actuation Schemes for Vibration Control of Adjacent Buildings under Seismic Excitations

by Francisco Palacios-Quiñonero, Josep Rubió-Massegú, Josep Maria Rossell and Hamid Reza Karimi

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(4), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7040323 - 25 Mar 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5318

Abstract

The design of vibration control systems for the seismic protection of closely adjacent buildings is a complex and challenging problem. In this paper, we consider distributed multi-actuation schemes that combine interbuilding linking elements and interstory actuation devices. Using an advanced static output-feedback [...] Read more.

The design of vibration control systems for the seismic protection of closely adjacent buildings is a complex and challenging problem. In this paper, we consider distributed multi-actuation schemes that combine interbuilding linking elements and interstory actuation devices. Using an advanced static output-feedback

H_{\infty}

approach, active and passive vibration control systems are designed for a multi-story two-building structure equipped with a selected set of linked and unlinked actuation schemes. To validate the effectiveness of the obtained controllers, the corresponding frequency responses are investigated and a proper set of numerical simulations is conducted using the full scale North–South El Centro 1940 seismic record as ground acceleration disturbance. The observed results indicate that using combined interstory-interbuilding multi-actuation schemes is an effective means of mitigating the vibrational response of the individual buildings and, simultaneously, reducing the risk of interbuilding pounding. These results also point out that passive control systems with high-performance characteristics can be designed using damping elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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3348 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Active Vibration Suppression of a Motor-Driven Piezoelectric Smart Structure Using Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control and Repetitive Control

by Chi-Ying Lin and Hong-Wu Jheng

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(3), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7030240 - 4 Mar 2017

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5921

Abstract

In this paper, we report on the use of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for the active suppression of vibrations associated with the motor-driven rotation of thin flexible plate held vertically. Motor-driven flexible structures are multi-input multi-output systems. The design of active vibration-suppression controllers [...] Read more.

In this paper, we report on the use of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for the active suppression of vibrations associated with the motor-driven rotation of thin flexible plate held vertically. Motor-driven flexible structures are multi-input multi-output systems. The design of active vibration-suppression controllers for these systems is far more challenging than for flexible structures with a fixed end, due to the effects of coupling and nonlinear vibration behavior generated in structures with poor damping. To simplify the design of the controller and achieve satisfactory vibration suppression, we treated the coupling of vibrations caused by the rotary motion of the thin flexible plate as external disturbances and system uncertainties. We employed an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control algorithm in the design of a single-input–single-output controller for the suppression of vibrations using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. We also used a repetitive control system to reduce periodic vibrations associated with the repetitive motions induced by the motor. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid intelligent control approach proposed in this study can suppress complex vibrations caused by modal excitation, coupling effects, and periodic external disturbances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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8983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Response of a Simplified Turbine Blade Model with Under-Platform Dry Friction Dampers Considering Normal Load Variation

by Bingbing He, Huajiang Ouyang, Xingmin Ren and Shangwen He

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(3), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7030228 - 1 Mar 2017

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6779

Abstract

Dry friction dampers are widely used to reduce vibration. The forced vibration response of a simplified turbine blade with a new kind of under-platform dry friction dampers is studied in this paper. The model consists of a clamped blade as two rigidly connected [...] Read more.

Dry friction dampers are widely used to reduce vibration. The forced vibration response of a simplified turbine blade with a new kind of under-platform dry friction dampers is studied in this paper. The model consists of a clamped blade as two rigidly connected beams and two dampers in the form of masses which are allowed to slide along the blade platform in the horizontal direction and vibrate with the blade platform in the vertical direction. The horizontal and vertical vibrations of the two dampers, and the horizontal and transverse platform vibrations are coupled by friction at the contact interfaces which is assumed to follow the classical discontinuous Coulomb’s law of friction. The vertical motion of the dampers leads to time-varying contact forces and can cause horizontal stick-slip motion between the contact surfaces. Due to the relative horizontal motion between the dampers and the blade platform, the vertical contact forces and the resultant friction forces act as moving loads. The Finite Element (FE) method and Modal Superposition (MS) method are applied to solve the dynamic response, together with an algorithm that can capture nonsmooth transitions from stick to slip and slip to stick. Quasi-periodic vibration is found even under harmonic excitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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2811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Study on the Damping Effect of a Lateral Damping Buffer under a Debris Flow Load

by Zheng Lu, Yuling Yang, Xilin Lu and Chengqing Liu

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(2), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7020201 - 20 Feb 2017

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 6004

Abstract

Simulating the impact of debris flows on structures and exploring the feasibility of applying energy dissipation devices or shock isolators to reduce the damage caused by debris flows can make great contribution to the design of disaster prevention structures. In this paper, we [...] Read more.

Simulating the impact of debris flows on structures and exploring the feasibility of applying energy dissipation devices or shock isolators to reduce the damage caused by debris flows can make great contribution to the design of disaster prevention structures. In this paper, we propose a new type of device, a lateral damping buffer, to reduce the vulnerability of building structures to debris flows. This lateral damping buffer has two mechanisms of damage mitigation: when debris flows impact on a building, it acts as a buffer, and when the structure vibrates due to the impact, it acts as a shock absorber, which can reduce the maximum acceleration response and subsequent vibration respectively. To study the effectiveness of such a lateral damping buffer, an impact test is conducted, which mainly involves a lateral damping buffer attached to a two-degree-of-freedom structure under a simulated debris flow load. To enable the numerical study, the equation of motion of the structure along with the lateral damping buffer is derived. A subsequent parametric study is performed to optimize the lateral damping buffer. Finally, a practical design procedure is also provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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4000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Tuning Fuzzy Control for Seismic Protection of Smart Base-Isolated Buildings Subjected to Pulse-Type Near-Fault Earthquakes

by Dahai Zhao, Yang Liu and Hongnan Li

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7020185 - 16 Feb 2017

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6421

Abstract

Pulse-type near-fault earthquakes have obvious long-duration pulses, so they can cause large deformation in a base-isolated system in contrast to non-pulse-type near-fault and far-field earthquakes. This paper proposes a novel self-tuning fuzzy logic control strategy for seismic protection of a base-isolated system, which [...] Read more.

Pulse-type near-fault earthquakes have obvious long-duration pulses, so they can cause large deformation in a base-isolated system in contrast to non-pulse-type near-fault and far-field earthquakes. This paper proposes a novel self-tuning fuzzy logic control strategy for seismic protection of a base-isolated system, which can operate the control force of the piezoelectric friction damper against different types of earthquakes. This control strategy employs a hierarchic control algorithm, in which a higher-level supervisory fuzzy controller is implemented to adjust the input normalization factors and output scaling factor, while a sub-level fuzzy controller effectively determines the command voltage of the piezoelectric friction damper according to current level of earthquakes. The efficiency of the proposed control strategy is also compared with uncontrolled and maximum passive cases. Numerical results reveal that the novel fuzzy logic control strategy can effectively reduce the isolation system deformations without the loss of potential advantages of base-isolated system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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4384 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Bivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition and Its Contribution to Grinding Chatter Detection

by Huanguo Chen, Jianyang Shen, Wenhua Chen, Chuanyu Wu, Chunshao Huang, Yongyu Yi and Jiacheng Qian

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7020145 - 8 Feb 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6545

Abstract

Grinding chatter reduces the long-term reliability of grinding machines. Detecting the negative effects of chatter requires improved chatter detection techniques. The vibration signals collected from grinders are mainly nonstationary, nonlinear and multidimensional. Hence, bivariate empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) has been investigated as a [...] Read more.

Grinding chatter reduces the long-term reliability of grinding machines. Detecting the negative effects of chatter requires improved chatter detection techniques. The vibration signals collected from grinders are mainly nonstationary, nonlinear and multidimensional. Hence, bivariate empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) has been investigated as a multiple signal processing method. In this paper, a feature vector extraction method based on BEMD and Hilbert transform was applied to the problem of grinding chatter. The effectiveness of this method was tested and validated with a simulated chatter signal produced by a vibration signal generator. The extraction criterion of true intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) was also investigated, as well as a method for selecting the most ideal number of projection directions using the BEMD algorithm. Moreover, real-time variance and instantaneous energy were employed as chatter feature vectors for improving the prediction of chatter. Furthermore, the combination of BEMD and Hilbert transform was validated by experimental data collected from a computer numerical control (CNC) guideway grinder. The results reveal the good behavior of BEMD in terms of processing nonstationary and nonlinear signals, and indicating the synchronous characteristics of multiple signals. Extracted chatter feature vectors were demonstrated to be reliable predictors of early grinding chatter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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2362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization Design of Coupling Beam Metal Damper in Shear Wall Structures

by Zhe Zhang, Jinping Ou, Dongsheng Li and Shuaifang Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7020137 - 3 Feb 2017

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6531

Abstract

The coupling beam damper is a fundamental energy dissipation component in coupling shear wall structures that directly influences the performance of the shear wall. Here, we proposed a two-fold design method that can give better energy dissipation performance and hysteretic behavior to coupling [...] Read more.

The coupling beam damper is a fundamental energy dissipation component in coupling shear wall structures that directly influences the performance of the shear wall. Here, we proposed a two-fold design method that can give better energy dissipation performance and hysteretic behavior to coupling beam dampers. First, we devised four in-plane yielding coupling beam dampers that have different opening types but the same amount of total materials. Then the geometry parameters of each opening type were optimized to yield the maximum hysteretic energy. The search for the optimal parameter set was realized by implementing the Kriging surrogate model which iterates randomly selected input shape parameters and the corresponding hysteretic energy calculated by the infinite element method. By comparing the maximum hysteretic energy in all four opening types, one type that had the highest hysteresis energy was selected as the optimized design. This optimized damper has the advantages of having a simple geometry and a high dissipation energy performance. The proposed method also provided a new framework for the design of in-plane coupling beam dampers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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4327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wind Turbine Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved EEMD and Hilbert Square Demodulation

by Huanguo Chen, Pei Chen, Wenhua Chen, Chuanyu Wu, Jianmin Li and Jianwei Wu

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(2), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7020128 - 26 Jan 2017

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7228

Abstract

The rapid expansion of wind farms has accelerated research into improving the reliability of wind turbines to reduce operational and maintenance costs. A critical component in wind turbine drive-trains is the gearbox, which is prone to different types of failures due to long-term [...] Read more.

The rapid expansion of wind farms has accelerated research into improving the reliability of wind turbines to reduce operational and maintenance costs. A critical component in wind turbine drive-trains is the gearbox, which is prone to different types of failures due to long-term operation under tough environments, variable speeds and alternating loads. To detect gearbox fault early, a method is proposed for an effective fault diagnosis by using improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert square demodulation (HSD). The method was verified numerically by implementing the scheme on the vibration signals measured from bearing and gear test rigs. In the implementation process, the following steps were identified as being important: (1) in order to increase the accuracy of EEMD, a criterion of selecting the proper resampling frequency for raw vibration signals was developed; (2) to select the fault related intrinsic mode function (IMF) that had the biggest kurtosis index value, the resampled signal was decomposed into a series of IMFs; (3) the selected IMF was demodulated by means of HSD, and fault feature information could finally be obtained. The experimental results demonstrate the merit of the proposed method in gearbox fault diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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4184 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations on the Effects of Vortex-Induced Vibration with Different Distributions of Lorentz Forces

by Hui Zhang, Meng-ke Liu, Bao-chun Fan, Zhi-hua Chen, Jian Li and Ming-yue Gui

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010061 - 7 Jan 2017

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5023

Abstract

The control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in shear flow with different distributions of Lorentz force is numerically investigated based on the stream function–vorticity equations in the exponential-polar coordinates exerted on moving cylinder for Re = 150. The cylinder motion equation coupled with the [...] Read more.

The control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in shear flow with different distributions of Lorentz force is numerically investigated based on the stream function–vorticity equations in the exponential-polar coordinates exerted on moving cylinder for Re = 150. The cylinder motion equation coupled with the fluid, including the mathematical expressions of the lift force coefficient

C_{l}

, is derived. The initial and boundary conditions as well as the hydrodynamic forces on the surface of cylinder are also formulated. The Lorentz force applied to suppress the VIV has no relationship with the flow field, and involves two categories, i.e., the field Lorentz force and the wall Lorentz force. With the application of symmetrical Lorentz forces, the symmetric field Lorentz force can amplify the drag, suppress the flow separation, decrease the lift fluctuation, and then suppress the VIV while the wall Lorentz force decreases the drag only. With the application of asymmetrical Lorentz forces, besides the above-mentioned effects, the field Lorentz force can increase additional lift induced by shear flow, whereas the wall Lorentz force can counteract the additional lift, which is dominated on the total effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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3122 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental Validated Control Strategy of Maglev Vehicle-Bridge Self-Excited Vibration

by Lianchun Wang, Jinhui Li, Danfeng Zhou and Jie Li

Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010038 - 4 Jan 2017

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4765

Abstract

This study discusses an experimentally validated control strategy of maglev vehicle-bridge vibration, which degrades the stability of the suspension control, deteriorates the ride comfort, and limits the cost of the magnetic levitation system. First, a comparison between the current-loop and magnetic flux feedback [...] Read more.

This study discusses an experimentally validated control strategy of maglev vehicle-bridge vibration, which degrades the stability of the suspension control, deteriorates the ride comfort, and limits the cost of the magnetic levitation system. First, a comparison between the current-loop and magnetic flux feedback is carried out and a minimum model including flexible bridge and electromagnetic levitation system is proposed. Then, advantages and disadvantages of the traditional feedback architecture with the displacement feedback of electromagnet y_E and bridge y_B in pairs are explored. The results indicate that removing the feedback of the bridge’s displacement y_B from the pairs (y_E − y_B) measured by the eddy-current sensor is beneficial for the passivity of the levitation system and the control of the self-excited vibration. In this situation, the signal acquisition of the electromagnet’s displacement y_E is discussed for the engineering application. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the aforementioned control strategy, numerical validations are carried out and the experimental data are provided and analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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9466 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Hybrid Semi-Active Mass Damper Configuration for Structural Applications

by Demetris Demetriou and Nikolaos Nikitas

Appl. Sci. 2016, 6(12), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/app6120397 - 30 Nov 2016

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 9545

Abstract

In this paper, a novel energy- and cost-efficient hybrid semi-active mass damper configuration for use in structural applications has been developed. For this task, an arrangement of both active and semi-active control components coupled with appropriate control algorithms are constructed and their performance [...] Read more.

In this paper, a novel energy- and cost-efficient hybrid semi-active mass damper configuration for use in structural applications has been developed. For this task, an arrangement of both active and semi-active control components coupled with appropriate control algorithms are constructed and their performance is evaluated on both single and multi-degree of freedom structures for which practical constraints such as stroke and force saturation limits are taken into account. It is shown that under both free and forced vibrations, the novel device configuration outperforms its more conventional passive and semi-active counterparts, while at the same time achieving performance gains similar to the active configuration at considerably less energy and actuation demands, satisfying both strict serviceability and sustainability requirements often found to govern most modern structural applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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