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5 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for Special Issue “Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm, and Devices”

by Gangbing Song, Hong-Nan Li and Steve C.S. Cai

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(2), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020572 - 13 Jan 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2344

Abstract

Many engineering systems, from subsea pipelines to space structures, from moving vehicles to stationary skyscrapers, are subject to unwanted vibration excitations. Often vibration control can be considered as a problem of energy dissipation and vibration damping. The aims of this issue are to [...] Read more.

Many engineering systems, from subsea pipelines to space structures, from moving vehicles to stationary skyscrapers, are subject to unwanted vibration excitations. Often vibration control can be considered as a problem of energy dissipation and vibration damping. The aims of this issue are to accumulate, disseminate, and promote new knowledge about vibration control, especially for topics related to energy dissipation methods for vibration damping. Topics in this issue reflect the start-of-the-arts in the field of vibration control, such as inerter dampers and pounding tuned mass dampers (PTMDs). This special issue also reports other types of new energy dissipation devices, including a multi-unit particle damper, a nonlinear eddy current damper, and layered dampers. Also reported in this issue are structural elements with innovative designs to dissipate energy. In addition, this special issue also reports two research studies on the dynamic responses of a structural foundation and an earth-retaining structure. Though most papers in this special issue are related to passive methods, one paper reports a semi-active vibration control via magnetorheological dampers (MRDs), and another two papers report active vibration controls using piezoelectric transducers and inertial actuators, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

Research

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16 pages, 4266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robustness of the Active Rotary Inertia Driver System for Structural Swing Vibration Control Subjected to Multi-Type Hazard Excitations

by Chunwei Zhang and Hao Wang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4391; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204391 - 17 Oct 2019

Cited by 80 | Viewed by 3777

Abstract

In traditional structural disaster prevention design, the effects of various disasters on structures are usually considered separately, and the effects of multi-type hazards are rarely considered. The traditional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and Active Mass Damper/Driver (AMD) are ineffective for the control of [...] Read more.

In traditional structural disaster prevention design, the effects of various disasters on structures are usually considered separately, and the effects of multi-type hazards are rarely considered. The traditional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and Active Mass Damper/Driver (AMD) are ineffective for the control of swing vibration. The Tuned Rotary Inertia Damper (TRID) system has the problems of being ineffective under multi-type hazard excitation and exhibiting a limited robustness. The Active Rotary Inertia Driver (ARID) system is proposed to solve these problems and the robustness of such an active control system is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the equations of motion corresponding to the in-plane swing vibration of the suspended structure with the ARID/TRID system are established. The control algorithm for the ARID system is designed based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm. Next, numerical analyses carried out using Simulink are presented. Then, numerical analyses and experimental investigations corresponding to five working conditions, i.e., free vibration, forced vibration, sweep excitation, earthquake excitation, and sea wave excitation, are introduced. Lastly, the numerical analyses and experimental results of the ARID system, and numerical results of the TRID system, are compared to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the ARID control system. It can be concluded that the ARID system is effective and feasible in structural swing vibration control and it exhibits a better control robustness than the TRID system. Furthermore, the feasibility of applying the ARID control system to multi-type hazard excitations is validated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 15588 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation on Semi-Active Control of Base Isolation System Using Magnetorheological Dampers for Concrete Frame Structure

by Weiqing Fu, Chunwei Zhang, Mao Li and Cunkun Duan

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3866; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183866 - 14 Sep 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4421

Abstract

The traditional passive base isolation is the most widely used method in the engineering practice for structural control, however, it has the shortcoming that the optimal control frequency band is significantly limited and narrow. For the seismic isolation system designed specifically for large [...] Read more.

The traditional passive base isolation is the most widely used method in the engineering practice for structural control, however, it has the shortcoming that the optimal control frequency band is significantly limited and narrow. For the seismic isolation system designed specifically for large earthquakes, the structural acceleration response may be enlarged under small earthquakes. If the design requirements under small earthquakes are satisfied, the deformation in the isolation layer may become too large to be accepted. Occasionally, it may be destroyed under large earthquakes. In the isolation control system combined with rubber bearing and magnetorheological (MR) damper, the MR damper can provide instantaneous variable damping force to effectively control the structural response at different input magnitudes. In this paper, the control effect of semi-active control and quasi-passive control for the isolation control system is verified by the shaking table test. In regard to semi-active control, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) classical linear optimal control algorithm by continuous control and switch control strategies are used to control the structural vibration response. Numerical simulation analysis and shaking table test results indicate that isolation control system can effectively overcome the shortcoming due to narrow optimum control band of the passive isolation system, and thus to provide optimal control for different seismic excitations in a wider frequency range. It shows that, even under super large earthquakes, the structure still exhibits the ability to maintain overall stability performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 5299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Structure Subjected to Uneven Foundation Settlement

by Chao Bao, Fangze Xu, Gang Chen, Xiaotong Ma, Mingjie Mao and Shangrong Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(17), 3507; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9173507 - 26 Aug 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3282

Abstract

Uneven foundation settlement is one of the common engineering problems in a collapsible loess area. In order to study the influence of uneven foundation settlement on the seismic performance of a structure, the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method is used to analyze the [...] Read more.

Uneven foundation settlement is one of the common engineering problems in a collapsible loess area. In order to study the influence of uneven foundation settlement on the seismic performance of a structure, the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method is used to analyze the seismic vulnerability of the steel structure frame. The differences in the seismic response of the structure in relation to uneven foundation settlement are analyzed. The influences of uneven foundation settlement quantities and various areas of uneven settlement on the seismic response of the structure are discussed. On this basis, the relationship between ground motion intensity and structural failure probability is studied, by changing the magnitude of seismic acceleration peaks. Compared with the unsettled structure, the internal force redistribution of the structure caused by uneven foundation settlement is one of the causes of earthquake damage for some components. The uneven foundation settlement located at the corner of the plane of the structure is likely to cause more serious earthquake damage to the structure. Uneven settlement will cause an increase in storey drift. With the increase in settlement, the seismic damage of the superstructure will be aggravated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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14 pages, 11050 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Behaviour Adaptation of Lightweight Structures by Compressible Constrained Layer Damping with Embedded Polymeric Foams and Nonwovens

by Tom Ehrig, Klaudiusz Holeczek, Niels Modler and Pawel Kostka

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(17), 3490; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9173490 - 23 Aug 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3413

Abstract

Evanescent morphing in combination with an original concept of Compressible Constrained Layer Damping (CCLD) is a novel and promising approach for dynamic behaviour adaptation. The crucial component of the CCLD is a compressible intermediate layer with its thickness and material properties controlled by [...] Read more.

Evanescent morphing in combination with an original concept of Compressible Constrained Layer Damping (CCLD) is a novel and promising approach for dynamic behaviour adaptation. The crucial component of the CCLD is a compressible intermediate layer with its thickness and material properties controlled by fluid actuation, enabling the adjustment of the damping and stiffness of the overall system. To estimate the potential of the CCLD, an analytical model was developed which describes the vibration behaviour of the overall structure, taking into account the compression-driven properties of the intermediate layer. The results confirm the principal correctness of the initial theoretical assumptions regarding the adaptive dynamic behaviour of structures with CCLD treatment. A significant vibration mitigation as well as a high adaptability of dynamic behaviour were observed, however, they show a complex dependence on the system configuration. Nevertheless, the developed analytical modelling approach can already be used for a preliminary system design. Besides the analysed polymer-based foams as the intermediate layer, nonwovens also exhibit compression-dependent shear properties and can therefore be used in CCLD. First preliminary investigations show that the damping performance is on average about ten times better than that of the polymeric foams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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18 pages, 1656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Control of SDOF Systems with Nonlinear Eddy Current Dampers

by Longteng Liang, Zhouquan Feng and Zhengqing Chen

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3427; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163427 - 20 Aug 2019

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3992

Abstract

The nonlinear model and energy dissipation of a rotary axial eddy current damper (ECD) and the dynamic responses to harmonic and seismic base excitations of a linear elastic SDOF system with the nonlinear ECD (SDOF-ECD) are investigated. Firstly, the nonlinear force-velocity relationship of [...] Read more.

The nonlinear model and energy dissipation of a rotary axial eddy current damper (ECD) and the dynamic responses to harmonic and seismic base excitations of a linear elastic SDOF system with the nonlinear ECD (SDOF-ECD) are investigated. Firstly, the nonlinear force-velocity relationship of the ECD is studied using finite element simulation, experimental testing and mathematical model fitting. Secondly, the energy dissipated by the nonlinear ECD under a cycle of harmonic motion is derived analytically and its optimal critical velocity is determined such that the energy dissipation is maximized. Finally, the responses of the SDOF-ECDs subjected to harmonic and seismic base excitations are calculated using numerical algorithm, where the displacement and acceleration control performance and the energy dissipation capacity of the ECD are compared with those of the conventional fluid viscous dampers (FVDs). The results indicate that the seismic control performance of ECDs outperforms that of FVDs in most cases and it is anticipated that the ECDs can be used as good alternative devices to conventional FVDs for seismic control applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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26 pages, 10048 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Energy Dissipation Performance and Failure Mode of Web-Connected Replaceable Energy Dissipation Link

by Zhanzhong Yin, Zhaosheng Huang, Hui Zhang and Dazhe Feng

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3200; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153200 - 6 Aug 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4478

Abstract

In the current design method of the eccentrically braced frame structure, the energy dissipation link and the frame beam are both designed as a whole. It is difficult to accurately assess the degree of damage through this method, and it is also hard [...] Read more.

In the current design method of the eccentrically braced frame structure, the energy dissipation link and the frame beam are both designed as a whole. It is difficult to accurately assess the degree of damage through this method, and it is also hard to repair or replace the energy dissipation link after strong seismic events. Meanwhile, the overall design approach will increase the project’s overall cost. In order to solve the above mentioned shortcomings, the energy dissipation link is designed as an independent component, which is separated from the frame beam. In this paper, the energy dissipation link is bolted to the web of the frame beam. Both finite element simulation and test study of eight groups of energy dissipation links have been completed to study their mechanical behaviors, and the energy dissipation links have been studied in the aspects of length, cross section, and stiffener spacing. The mechanical behaviors include the energy dissipation behavior, bearing capacity, stiffness, and plastic rotation angle. The results indicate clearly that the hysteretic loop of links in the test and finite element analysis is relatively full. By comparing the experimental and finite element simulation data, it can be found that the general shape and trend of hysteretic loop, skeleton curve, and stiffness degradation curve are basically the same. The experiment data explicitly shows that the energy dissipation link of web-connected displays good ductility and stable energy dissipation ability. In addition, the replaceable links possess good rotational capacity when the minimum rotation angle of each specimen in the test is 0.16 rad. The results of the experiment show that the energy dissipation capacity of the link is mainly related to the section size and the stiffening rib spacing of the link. The energy dissipation ability and deformation ability of the link is poorer as the section size becomes larger; meanwhile, these abilities are reduced with the decrease of the stiffening spacing. The experiment result shows that the damage and excessive inelastic deformations are concentrated in the link to avoid any issues for the rest of the surrounding elements, and the links can be easily and inexpensively replaced after strong seismic events. The results are thought provoking, as they provide a theoretical basis for the further study of the eccentrically braced frame structure with replaceable links of web-connected. In future work, the author aims to carry out his studies through optimized design methodology based on the yielding criterion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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15 pages, 3636 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Swing Vibration Control of Suspended Structure Using Active Rotary Inertia Driver System: Parametric Analysis and Experimental Verification

by Chunwei Zhang and Hao Wang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3144; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153144 - 2 Aug 2019

Cited by 85 | Viewed by 4656

Abstract

The Active Rotary Inertia Driver (ARID) system is a novel vibration control system that can effectively mitigate the swing vibration of suspended structures. Parametric analysis is carried out using Simulink based on the mathematical model and the effectiveness is further validated by a [...] Read more.

The Active Rotary Inertia Driver (ARID) system is a novel vibration control system that can effectively mitigate the swing vibration of suspended structures. Parametric analysis is carried out using Simulink based on the mathematical model and the effectiveness is further validated by a series of experiments. Firstly, the active controller is designed based on the system mathematical model and the LQR (linear quadratic regulator) algorithm. Next, the parametric analysis is carried out using Simulink to study the key parameters such as the coefficient of the control algorithm, the rotary inertia ratio. Lastly, the ARID system control effectiveness and the parametric analysis results are further validated by the shaking table experiments. The effectiveness and robustness of the ARID system are well verified. The dynamic characteristics of this system are further studied, and the conclusions of this paper provide a theoretical basis for further development of such unique control system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 11864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on the Damping Effect of Multi-Unit Particle Dampers Applied to Bracket Structure

by Hang Ye, Yanrong Wang, Bin Liu and Xianghua Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(14), 2912; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142912 - 20 Jul 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4711

Abstract

Particle damping (PD) is a passive mean of vibration control in which small metallic or ceramic particles are placed inside a cavity that attached to the primary structure at the place of high vibration amplitudes. The kinetic energy of the primary structure is [...] Read more.

Particle damping (PD) is a passive mean of vibration control in which small metallic or ceramic particles are placed inside a cavity that attached to the primary structure at the place of high vibration amplitudes. The kinetic energy of the primary structure is dissipated by non-elastic impact and friction between particles and walls. This paper represents a series of experimental investigations of the effects of multi-unit particle dampers (MUPD) attached to a bracket structure under harmonic excitation and random excitation. As a platform to investigate the particle damping characteristics under extreme acceleration environments, the bracket structure was featured by an extremely high response on the top, and its maximum acceleration exceeds 50 times gravity acceleration when the bracket structure was subjected to resonance. This broad range of acceleration conditions was far beyond the scope concerned in most previous work. The experimental results show that for a small weight penalty (no more than 8.8%), multi-unit particle damper can reduce the resonance of the primary structure by more than 50%, whether under sinusoidal excitation or random excitation. And the response of the primary structure depends on the type of cavities and filled coefficient. Layering the cavity in the direction of the main vibration can improve the damping capacity of the multi-unit particle damper. And the damper with small particle size and large number of features is suitable for vibration reduction under high acceleration conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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18 pages, 21950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Refined Study on Free Vibration of a Cable with an Inertial Mass Damper

by Zhihao Wang, Fangfang Yue, Hao Wang, Hui Gao and Buqiao Fan

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2271; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9112271 - 1 Jun 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3548

Abstract

To accurately predict the optimum supplemental modal damping ratio of the cable and the corresponding size of the inertial mass damper (IMD), combined effects of the cable sag, the cable flexural rigidity, and the boundary conditions on the control performance of the cable [...] Read more.

To accurately predict the optimum supplemental modal damping ratio of the cable and the corresponding size of the inertial mass damper (IMD), combined effects of the cable sag, the cable flexural rigidity, and the boundary conditions on the control performance of the cable with the IMD are well investigated in this refined study. An analytical model of the cable-IMD system considering these effects is developed. The equation of motion of the cable-IMD system is transformed into a complex eigenvalue problem through the finite difference method. Experimental results from a scaled cable model with an IMD are then used to verify theoretical solutions. Three typical cables in actual cable-stayed bridges are selected for case studies. The results show that the theoretically predicted modal damping ratios of the cable with an IMD, taking into account the sag and the flexural rigidity, agree well with those identified from experimental results, while would be often overestimated with a taut-cable model. Moreover, experimental damping ratios of the cable always fall between those theoretically calculated with fixed ends or pinned ends for each case. Finally, to be conservative in actual design, it is recommended to use the cable-IMD system model with fixed ends to calculate the required damper size and predict the resulting modal damping ratio of the cable, since the corresponding theoretical solution often gives the lower bound of supplemental damping ratio of the cable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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15 pages, 6100 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Numerical Analysis of Displacement Restraining Effect of Inclined Earth-Retaining Structure during Embankment Construction

by Su-Won Son, Minsu Seo, Jong-Chul Im and Jae-Won Yoo

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9112213 - 29 May 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3158

Abstract

Retaining walls are generally used for temporary installations during the excavation process of a construction project. They are also utilized to construct embankments in order to extend a railway facility. In this case, a retaining wall is installed during the construction process and [...] Read more.

Retaining walls are generally used for temporary installations during the excavation process of a construction project. They are also utilized to construct embankments in order to extend a railway facility. In this case, a retaining wall is installed during the construction process and contributes to the resistance of large amounts of stress, including the railway load. However, it is generally difficult to retain walls to maintain their stability. Therefore, alternative construction methods, such as the use of an inclined earth-retaining wall, have been utilized to suppress the lateral displacement. The stability is verified in advance through field tests; however, the maximum stress acting on the railway is thought to be the concentrated railway load. In this study, a two-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted by changing the railway load to a dynamic load. The analysis was applied according to the number of H-piles of the same length (10 m) when only the front wall was installed and when a back support was also applied. It was determined that the lateral displacement of the latter case is smaller than that of the former, whereas the resistance to dynamic loading of the former case is greater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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18 pages, 6038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vibration Control of an Aero Pipeline System with Active Constraint Layer Damping Treatment

by Jingyu Zhai, Jiwu Li, Daitong Wei, Peixin Gao, Yangyang Yan and Qingkai Han

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(10), 2094; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102094 - 21 May 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3665

Abstract

In this paper, vibration control of an aero pipeline system using active constrained layer damping treatment has been investigated in terms of the vibration and stress distribution. A three-dimensional finite element model of such a pipeline with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) patches [...] Read more.

In this paper, vibration control of an aero pipeline system using active constrained layer damping treatment has been investigated in terms of the vibration and stress distribution. A three-dimensional finite element model of such a pipeline with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) patches is developed. The transfer of the driving force under harmonic voltage is analyzed based on the finite element model. The vibration control of the pipeline with active constrained layer damping treatment under different voltages is computed to analyze the influence of control parameters and structural parameters on the control effect. An experiment platform is developed to validate the above relations. Results show that the performance of the active constrained layer damping treatment is affected by the elastic modulus and thickness of the viscoelastic layer, control voltage and structure size. The performance increases significantly with the rising of the control voltage and cover area of ACLD patches among these parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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14 pages, 591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Time-Delayed Feedback Control of Piezoelectric Elastic Beams under Superharmonic and Subharmonic Excitations

by Jian Peng, Mingjiao Xiang, Luxin Li, Hongxin Sun and Xiuyong Wang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(8), 1557; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081557 - 15 Apr 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3214

Abstract

The time-delayed displacement feedback control is provided to restrain the superharmonic and subharmonic response of the elastic support beams. The nonlinear equations of the controlled elastic beam are obtained with the help of the Euler–Bernoulli beam principle and time-delayed feedback control strategy. Based [...] Read more.

The time-delayed displacement feedback control is provided to restrain the superharmonic and subharmonic response of the elastic support beams. The nonlinear equations of the controlled elastic beam are obtained with the help of the Euler–Bernoulli beam principle and time-delayed feedback control strategy. Based on Galerkin method, the discrete nonlinear time-delayed equations are derived. Using the multiscale method, the first-order approximate solutions and stability conditions of three superharmonic and 1/3 subharmonic resonance response on controlled beams are derived. The influence of time-delayed parameters and control gain are obtained. The results show that the time-delayed displacement feedback control can effectively suppress the superharmonic and subharmonic resonance response. Selecting reasonably the time-delayed quantity and control gain can avoid the resonance region and unstable multi-solutions and improve the efficiency of the vibration control. Furthermore, with the purpose of suppressing the amplitude peak and governing the resonance stability, appropriate feedback gain and time delay are derived. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 5168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Hysteretic Behavior of the Overlapped K-Joints with Concrete Filled in Chord

by Wenwei Yang, Ruhao Yan, Yaqi Suo, Guoqing Zhang and Bo Huang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(7), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071456 - 7 Apr 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4906

Abstract

Due to the insufficient radial stiffness of the steel tube, the cracking of the weld and the plastic deformation of the string often occur under the cyclic loading of the hollow section pipe joint. In order to avoid such a failure, the overlapped [...] Read more.

Due to the insufficient radial stiffness of the steel tube, the cracking of the weld and the plastic deformation of the string often occur under the cyclic loading of the hollow section pipe joint. In order to avoid such a failure, the overlapped K-joints were strengthened by pouring different concrete into the chords. Furthermore, to explore the detailed effect of filling different concrete in a chord on the hysteretic behavior of the overlapped K-joints, six full-scale specimens were fabricated by two forms, which included the circular chord and braces, the square chord and circular braces, and the low cyclic loading tests, which were carried out. The failure modes, hysteretic curves and skeleton curves of the joints were obtained, and the bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation of the joints were evaluated quantitatively. The results showed that plastic failure occurs on the surface of the chord of the joints without filling concrete, while the failure mode of the joints filled with concrete in the chords was the tensile failure of the chords at the weld of the brace toe, and the compressive braces had a certain buckling deformation; The strengthening measures of concrete filled with chord can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the K-joints, the delay of the plastic deformation of the chord, and improve the bearing capacity of the K-joints. Contrarily, the ductility coefficient and the energy dissipation ratio of K-joints decreased with the concrete filled in the chord. The hysteretic behavior of the K-joints with a circular chord and brace was slightly better than that of the K-joints with a square chord and circular brace, and the hysteretic behavior of the K-joints strengthened with fly ash concrete, which was better than that of the K-joints strengthened with ordinary concrete. The results of ANSYS (a large general finite element analysis software developed by ANSYS Company in the United States) analysis agreed well with the experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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23 pages, 10758 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Behavior of Circular CFST Columns Subjected to Different Lateral Impact Energy

by Xiaoyong Zhang, Yu Chen, Xiaosheng Shen and Yao Zhu

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(6), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061134 - 18 Mar 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3404

Abstract

Forty-eight circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns subjected to lateral impact were tested to investigate the behavior of circular CFST columns under axial compressive load. Analyses of effects of concrete compressive strength, impact location and impact energy on residual ultimate axial capacity, ductility [...] Read more.

Forty-eight circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns subjected to lateral impact were tested to investigate the behavior of circular CFST columns under axial compressive load. Analyses of effects of concrete compressive strength, impact location and impact energy on residual ultimate axial capacity, ductility and initial stiffness are provided in this paper. It is found that lateral impact has negative effects on residual ultimate axial capacity of circular CFST columns from test results. Residual ultimate axial capacity decreases as impact energy increases and impact location comes close to the end of the specimen. It is also found that increasing concrete compressive strength can reduce the negative effects of impact location on residual ultimate axial capacity. Ductility and the initial stiffness of circular CFST columns decrease as impact energy increases. Ductility and the initial stiffness increase as impact location varies from middle-length to the end of specimens. When impact energy and impact location are constant, the ductility of the specimen with 30 MPa of concrete compressive strength is better than that of other specimens with different compressive strength. Besides, analyses of strain developments for 12 typical specimens to investigate failure modes under axial compressive load are provided in this paper. Strain developments have indicated that the steel at impact location becomes plastic faster than that at other locations. Based on the test results, a calculation formula is presented to predict the residual ultimate axial capacities of circular CFST columns subjected to lateral impact, and good agreement with experimental results has been achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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16 pages, 2849 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation of Shape Memory Alloy Sponge as Energy Dissipating Material on Pounding Tuned Mass Damper: An Experimental Investigation

by Jie Tan, Jinwei Jiang, Min Liu, Qian Feng, Peng Zhang and Siu Chun Michael Ho

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(6), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061079 - 14 Mar 2019

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3857

Abstract

Piping systems are important nonstructural components of most types of buildings. Damage to piping systems can lead to significant economic losses, casualties, and interruption of function. A survey of earthquake disaster sites shows that suspended piping systems are flexible and thus prone to [...] Read more.

Piping systems are important nonstructural components of most types of buildings. Damage to piping systems can lead to significant economic losses, casualties, and interruption of function. A survey of earthquake disaster sites shows that suspended piping systems are flexible and thus prone to large deformation, which can lead to serious damage of the piping systems. The single-sided pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD), which is an emerging vibration suppression tool, has the potential to serve as a cost effective and non-invasive solution for the mitigation of vibration in suspended piping systems. The operating frequency of the single-sided PTMD can be tuned similarly to a tuned mass damper (TMD). The single-side PTMD also possesses high energy dissipation characteristics and has demonstrated outstanding performance in vibration control. One of the key factors affecting the performance of the PTMD is the damping material, and there is a constant search for the ideal type of material that can increase the performance of the PTMD. This paper explores the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) sponge as the damping material for two types (spring steel and pendulum types) of PTMDs to mitigate the vibration of a suspended piping system. The PTMDs are tested both in free vibration and in forced vibration. The results are compared with no control, with a TMD control, and with a viscoelastic (VE) material PTMD control. The results show that in free vibration tests, SMA–PTMDs attenuate the displacement of the piping system significantly. The time to mitigate vibration (i.e., reduce 90% of the vibration amplitude) is reduced to 6% (for spring steel type) and 11% (for pendulum type) of the time taken to mitigate vibration without control. In forced vibration tests, the overall magnitudes of the frequency response are also lowered to 38% (spring steel) and 44% (pendulum) compared to vibration without control. The results indicate that SMA has the potential to be a promising energy dissipating material for PTMDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 4125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Liquid Transfer Active Balancing System for Hollow Rotors of High-Speed Rotating Machinery

by Xin Pan, Zhen Xie, Juan Lu, Haiqi Wu, Jinji Gao and Zhinong Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(5), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050833 - 26 Feb 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3622

Abstract

With the development of high-speed rotating machinery, the unbalance vibration feature of each rotor system has a greater influence on the work efficiency, bearing life, operational time, etc. Therefore, an active balancing system is necessary to automatically reduce the unbalance vibration in the [...] Read more.

With the development of high-speed rotating machinery, the unbalance vibration feature of each rotor system has a greater influence on the work efficiency, bearing life, operational time, etc. Therefore, an active balancing system is necessary to automatically reduce the unbalance vibration in the process of rotor operation. This study introduced a novel liquid transfer active balancing system for the hollow rotors, and compensation mass was performed by balance liquid transmission between two pairs of contra-positioned chambers. The performance of this new balance actuator was analyzed, including balancing velocity, balancing accuracy, and the effect on rotor dynamics. A monitoring and control program was constructed to control the balance actuator. Two extraction methods of synchronic vibration were introduced and quantitatively compared through simulation. A control program was developed and the control accuracy was within 1 ms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the new balancing system was verified through active balance experiments and the maximum speed was 15,600 rpm. The results indicate that the balancing system could effectively decrease the unbalance vibration of the rotor system within 10 s, and the amount of decrease was more than 80%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 4160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Equivalent Linearization Methods for a Control System with Clutching Inerter Damper

by Luyu Li, Qigang Liang and Han Qin

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(4), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040688 - 17 Feb 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3795

Abstract

Inerter-based dampers have gained great popularity in structural vibration control. In this paper, equivalent linearization methods (ELMs) for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with a clutching inerter damper (CID) are studied. The comparison of a SDOF system with a CID and an inertial mass [...] Read more.

Inerter-based dampers have gained great popularity in structural vibration control. In this paper, equivalent linearization methods (ELMs) for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with a clutching inerter damper (CID) are studied. The comparison of a SDOF system with a CID and an inertial mass damper (IMD) shows the advantage of the CID. Considering that the system with the CID is nonlinear, which is problematic for its performance evaluation and the integrated design of the structure and control system, three equivalent linearization methods based on different principles are proposed and discussed in this paper. The CID is considered to be equal to a combination of an IMD and a viscous damper. The equivalent inertance and damping can be calculated using the obtained formulas for all methods. In addition, all methods are compared in a numerical study. Results show that the ELM based on period and energy is recommended for small inertance-mass ratios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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11 pages, 2206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Seawater Exposure on Impact Damping Behavior of Viscoelastic Material of Pounding Tuned Mass Damper (PTMD)

by Peng Zhang, Devendra Patil and Siu Chun M. Ho

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(4), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040632 - 13 Feb 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4020

Abstract

The pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) is a novel vibration control device that can effectively mitigate the undesired vibration of subsea pipeline structures. Previous studies have verified that the PTMD is more effective and robust compared to the traditional tuned mass damper. However, [...] Read more.

The pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) is a novel vibration control device that can effectively mitigate the undesired vibration of subsea pipeline structures. Previous studies have verified that the PTMD is more effective and robust compared to the traditional tuned mass damper. However, the PTMD relies on a viscoelastic delimiter to dissipate energy through impact. The viscoelastic material can be corroded by the various chemical substances dissolved in the seawater, which means that there can be possible deterioration in its mechanical property and damping ability when it is exposed to seawater. Therefore, we aim to conduct an experimental study on the impact behavior and energy dissipation of the viscoelastic material submerged in seawater in this present paper. An experimental apparatus, which can generate and measure lateral impact, is designed and fabricated. A batch of viscoelastic tapes are submerged in seawater and samples will be taken out for impact tests every month. Pounding stiffness, hysteresis loops and energy dissipated per impact cycle are employed to characterize the impact behavior of the viscoelastic material. The experimental results suggest that the seawater has little influence on the behavior of the viscoelastic tapes. Even after continuous submersion in seawater for 5 years, the pounding stiffness and energy dissipation remains at the same level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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17 pages, 5995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Vibration Control of Suspended Piping System by Single-Sided Pounding Tuned Mass Damper

by Jie Tan, Siu Chun Michael Ho, Peng Zhang and Jinwei Jiang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(2), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9020285 - 15 Jan 2019

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5901

Abstract

Suspended piping systems often suffer from severe damages when subjected to seismic excitation. Due to the high flexibility of the piping systems, reducing their displacement is important for the prevention of damage during times of disaster. A solution to protecting piping systems during [...] Read more.

Suspended piping systems often suffer from severe damages when subjected to seismic excitation. Due to the high flexibility of the piping systems, reducing their displacement is important for the prevention of damage during times of disaster. A solution to protecting piping systems during heavy excitation is the use of the emerging pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) technology. In particular, the single-sided PTMD combines the advantages of the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the impact damper, including the benefits of a simple design and rapid, efficient energy dissipation. In this paper, two single-sided PTMDs (spring steel-type PTMD and simple pendulum-type PTMD) were designed and fabricated. The dampers were tested and compared with the traditional TMD for mitigating free vibration and forced vibration. In the free vibration experiment, both PTMDs suppressed vibrations much faster than the TMD. For the forced vibration test, the frequency response of the piping system was obtained for three conditions: without control, with TMD control, and with PTMD control. These novel results demonstrate that the single-sided PTMD is a cost-effective method for efficiently and passively mitigating the vibration of suspended piping systems. Thus, the single-sided PTMD will be an important tool for increasing the resilience of structures as well as for improving the safety of their occupants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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Review

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20 pages, 6020 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Seat Suspension System Technology Development

by Alireza Heidarian and Xu Wang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(14), 2834; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142834 - 16 Jul 2019

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 13001

Abstract

This review will focus on the necessity for developing seat vibration control systems as a part of manufacturers’ investigation into finding innovative methods to increase the comfort and safety of the vehicles’ drivers. Operators of either on-road or off-road vehicles are regularly subjected [...] Read more.

This review will focus on the necessity for developing seat vibration control systems as a part of manufacturers’ investigation into finding innovative methods to increase the comfort and safety of the vehicles’ drivers. Operators of either on-road or off-road vehicles are regularly subjected to an extended variety of various vibration levels, especially at low frequencies. Considering that exposure to such vibration in long term has some damaging effects on driver’s health, many comprehensive investigations have been carried out and researchers have proposed several measures for estimating discomfort and the suitability of various vehicles’ seats such as those of trucks, cars and agricultural vehicles in operating condition. Active, passive and semi-active suspension systems are employed in vehicle seats to alleviate the harmful and damaging effects due to the transmitted vibration to the human body. In order to improve riding comfort, the operator’s body displacement and acceleration must be reduced. According to the research, active suspension control systems are the best choice to reduce the transmitted vibration to the drivers’ body and provide the best ride comfort in comparison with passive and semi-active systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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Other

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14 pages, 3093 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Active Vibration Control of Rib Stiffened Plate by Using Decentralized Velocity Feedback Controllers with Inertial Actuators

by Xiyue Ma, Lei Wang and Jian Xu

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3188; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153188 - 5 Aug 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3121

Abstract

Active control of low frequency vibration and sound radiation from a rib stiffened plate has great practical significance as this structure is widely applied in engineering, such as aircraft or ship fuselage shells. This paper presents an investigation on the performance of active [...] Read more.

Active control of low frequency vibration and sound radiation from a rib stiffened plate has great practical significance as this structure is widely applied in engineering, such as aircraft or ship fuselage shells. This paper presents an investigation on the performance of active vibration control of the rib stiffened plate by using decentralized velocity feedback controllers with inertial actuators. A simple modeling approach in frequency domain is proposed in this research to calculate the control performance. The theoretical model of vibrating response of the ribbed plate and the velocity feedback controllers is first established. Then, as an important part, the influences of the control gain and the number of the decentralized unit on the control performance are investigated. Results obtained demonstrate that—similar to that of the unribbed plate case—appropriately choosing the number of the unit and their feedback gains can achieve good control results. Too many units or very high feedback gains will not bring further noise reduction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Dissipation and Vibration Control: Materials, Modeling, Algorithm and Devices)

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