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Advances in Power Distribution Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 2622

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhenghang Hao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Interests: new energy generation and smart grid; energy Internet; real-time simulation of power systems
Dr. Wei Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electric and Automation Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
Interests: pattern recognition; smart grid; sensor networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wei Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: distributed control; real-time simulation of microgrids and smart distribution systems
Prof. Dr. Dazhong Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Interests: fault detection; smart grid; electric engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In order to realize the promotion of energy composition, wind power and photovoltaic distributed power supplies will continue to be connected to the distribution network, giving the modern distribution network more new characteristics. However, new energy generation is intermittent and random, and needs to be connected to the grid by power electronic equipment, resulting in profound changes in the structure, form, operation mode, dynamic behavior and fault characteristics of the distribution system; therefore, the modeling analysis, comprehensive planning, optimized operation, control and protection, market operation, safety, and reliability of the future distribution network bring great challenges. In order to demonstrate research progress and development trends in the above fields and share the latest academic achievements in theory, methods, technology, and application, this Special Issue, titled “New Power Distribution System Technology”, will be created and published in the Energies journal.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Active power distribution network modeling and simulation;
  • New topology of power distribution network;
  • Fault protection and self-healing method;
  • Broad-frequency oscillation suppression;
  • Flexible interconnection technology;
  • Stability control strategy;
  • Optimize the scheduling technology;
  • Distributed power generation and microgrid technology;
  • The application of AI in the new power distribution system;
  • Power quality analysis and control;
  • New building energy system;
  • Source charge interaction technology;
  • Communication technology of distribution network

Prof. Dr. Zhenghang Hao
Dr. Wei Sun
Dr. Wei Liu
Prof. Dr. Dazhong Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power distribution network
  • stability control
  • microgrid
  • power quality
  • new building energy systems

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 7175 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Boundary Dissemination to Virtual Power Plants for Congestion and Voltage Management in Power Distribution Networks
by Khalil Gholami, Mohammad Taufiqul Arif and Md Enamul Haque
Energies 2025, 18(3), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030518 - 23 Jan 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
Virtual power plants (VPPs) are optimized to maximize profits by efficiently scheduling their resources. However, dynamic power trading over existing distribution networks can lead to voltage disturbances and branch congestion, posing risks to network security. Moreover, distribution network service providers (DNSPs) face the [...] Read more.
Virtual power plants (VPPs) are optimized to maximize profits by efficiently scheduling their resources. However, dynamic power trading over existing distribution networks can lead to voltage disturbances and branch congestion, posing risks to network security. Moreover, distribution network service providers (DNSPs) face the added challenge of managing VPP operations while complying with privacy preservation. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a decentralized co-optimization technique for integrating VPPs into distribution networks. The approach enables DNSPs to define dynamic operational boundaries for VPPs, effectively mitigating network congestion and voltage fluctuations while ensuring privacy. Additionally, the proposed convex optimization framework allows the publication of operational boundaries for multiple VPPs with minimal computational effort, making it suitable for real-time applications. The effectiveness of the technique is validated using the IEEE benchmark network connected with electricity–hydrogen VPPs. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains voltage levels within standard limits and prevents branch congestion, confirming its suitability for stable and secure grid operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Power Distribution Systems)
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14 pages, 9181 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Experimental Study of Arc Model in a Low-Voltage Distribution Network
by Binbin Zhang, Jiaqing Zhang, Yifeng Cheng, Qixu Chen and Qian Zhang
Energies 2025, 18(2), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020420 - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 625
Abstract
Using the low-voltage and low-current platform (220 VAC-10 A), this paper selected the Mayr arc theoretical model and the improved control theory model as a theoretical basis and built a single-phase low-voltage AC series arc model based on Simulink. The simulation results showed [...] Read more.
Using the low-voltage and low-current platform (220 VAC-10 A), this paper selected the Mayr arc theoretical model and the improved control theory model as a theoretical basis and built a single-phase low-voltage AC series arc model based on Simulink. The simulation results showed that arc dissipation power directly determined arc voltage amplitude, arc time constant influenced arc voltage waveform, and arc current was mainly determined by load resistance. Because the arc length parameter can be set by the improved control arc theory model, the arc can be drawn only at the micro-distance of two electrodes, which is more suitable for describing the arc characteristics of low voltage and low current. A scheme of large ratio reducer for permanent magnet brushless DC motor was developed, which was combined with the stepless governor controlled by PWM and the positive and negative switch to realize the adjustment of the two-electrode micro-distance. The collection and analysis of arc voltage and arc current under pure resistance, resistive load, and multi-branch load were completed. The experimental results also verified that the Mayr arc and improved control theory arc have good accuracy in describing low voltage and low current characteristics, which improves data support for later fault identification and removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Power Distribution Systems)
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17 pages, 1377 KiB  
Article
Distributed Optimal Control of DC Network Using Convex Relaxation Techniques
by Yongbo Fu, Min Shi, Gongming Li, Zhangjie Liu, Juntao Li, Pengzhou Jia, Haiqun Yue, Xiaqing Liu, Xin Zhao and Meng Wang
Energies 2024, 17(24), 6431; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246431 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 396
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel distributed control strategy for DC microgrids using a convex relaxation method to ensure the system operates at the optimal power flow solution. Initially, a suitable convex relaxation technique is applied to transform the non-convex optimal power flow problem [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a novel distributed control strategy for DC microgrids using a convex relaxation method to ensure the system operates at the optimal power flow solution. Initially, a suitable convex relaxation technique is applied to transform the non-convex optimal power flow problem into a convex form, with the accuracy of this method being rigorously demonstrated. Next, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions of the relaxed problem are equivalently transformed, and a synchronization term is derived to facilitate the distributed control, thereby ensuring operation under optimal power flow. This paper also analyzes the impacts of communication delay and network structure on the performance of the proposed control strategy. Finally, simulations and numerical experiments are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Power Distribution Systems)
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21 pages, 3083 KiB  
Article
Control Strategy for Power Fluctuation Smoothing at Distribution Network Substations Considering Multiple Types of Adjustment Resources
by Shaobo Yang, Xuekai Hu, Liang Meng, Shiwei Xue, Hao Zhou, Fengming Shi and Siyang Liao
Energies 2024, 17(23), 6079; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17236079 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 548
Abstract
With the proposal of the dual carbon target, the distributed photovoltaic (PV) industry has rapidly developed in recent years. However, the randomness and volatility of photovoltaic energy can be transmitted to the main grid through distribution network substations, posing challenges to the stable [...] Read more.
With the proposal of the dual carbon target, the distributed photovoltaic (PV) industry has rapidly developed in recent years. However, the randomness and volatility of photovoltaic energy can be transmitted to the main grid through distribution network substations, posing challenges to the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, this paper considers tapping into the regulation potential of feeder loads on the distribution network side, as well as distributed energy storage and distributed PV resources, to enhance the grid’s control methods. A power fluctuation smoothing control strategy for substations in distribution networks, accounting for multiple types of regulation resources, is proposed. In the day-ahead stage, traditional voltage regulation devices such as the OLTC (on-load tap changer) and CB (circuit breaker) are pre-dispatched based on source–load forecasts, optimizing the fluctuation range of substation power and the number of device operations. This provides optimal substation power values for day-to-day optimization. During the intraday phase, fast regulation devices such as PV (photovoltaic), SVC (static var compensator), and energy storage systems are coordinated, and an optimization model is established with the goal of reducing power curtailment while closely tracking substation trends. This model quickly calculates the active power regulation and device operations of various adjustable resources, improving the economic efficiency of the distribution network system while achieving power fluctuation smoothing at the substation level. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the power fluctuation smoothing control model are verified through simulations on an improved standard distribution system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Power Distribution Systems)
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Review

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22 pages, 4589 KiB  
Review
Tree-Related High-Impedance Fault in Distribution Systems: Modeling, Detection, and Ignition Risk Assessment (Review)
by Chunlan Yang, Wenhai Zhang, Rui Tang and Xianyong Xiao
Energies 2025, 18(3), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030548 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
Tree-related high-impedance faults (THIFs) in medium voltage distribution systems represent a typical fault, especially where an overhead line crosses a forested area. The arc caused by THIFs could ignite nearby combustibles, significantly increasing the risk of forest fires. THIF detection remains a significant [...] Read more.
Tree-related high-impedance faults (THIFs) in medium voltage distribution systems represent a typical fault, especially where an overhead line crosses a forested area. The arc caused by THIFs could ignite nearby combustibles, significantly increasing the risk of forest fires. THIF detection remains a significant challenge because this type of fault has weak characteristics, as the fault impedance can reach hundreds of kΩ. Many previous studies have investigated reducing the risk of wildfires caused by THIFs. This paper reviews the existing literature on THIF modeling, detection, and ignition risk assessment. The modeling focuses on the distinctions and connections among electrical models of tree structures, traditional high-impedance fault (HIF) models, and THIF models. Detailed reviews and comparisons are conducted on THIF detection methods, encompassing fault analysis, fault feature extraction, and fault identification. The experiments and methods for assessing THIF ignition risk are also introduced and discussed. The review reveals critical research gaps. In modeling, there is a lack of frameworks that simultaneously elucidate underlying mechanisms and support detection algorithms. In detection algorithms, the existing methods have not been adequately validated under complex environmental conditions. In ignition risk assessment, current studies do not account for a comprehensive range of influencing variables. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions for THIF, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Power Distribution Systems)
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