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Microorganisms
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Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture
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Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 4733

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wujie Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
Interests: shrimp aquaculture; environmental control; biofloc technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquaculture is one of the world's fastest growing food production industries, with a need to meet the increasing global demand for fish, crustaceans, shellfish, seaweeds, and other aquatic species. These species are widely cultured in controlled aquatic ecosystems which harbor a wide variety of microbial communities. The microbiome of the hosts and their surroundings play a vital role in the growth and health of cultured species as well as the steady state of water environments. Currently, an increasing number of studies are seeking to research and apply microbe-based technologies to support the sustainable development of modern aquaculture; the application and administration of microorganisms, including probiotic strains, mainly includes three aspects: removing pollution and improving water quality, supplementing nutrients and promoting production performance, and improving health and preventing diseases in cultured species. This Special Issue will cover research on the role of aquatic microorganisms and their application in aquaculture. Both original research articles and reviews are welcome. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following: the diversity and function of microorganisms in aquaculture systems; the monitoring and management of microorganisms in aquaculture systems; microorganisms as aquafeed ingredients and functional additives for aquaculture; and probiotic bacteria and algae as biological control agents in aquaculture.

Dr. Wujie Xu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquatic microorganisms
  • aquaculture
  • aquafeed

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3734 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dietary Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Responses, Immunological Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Coral Trout (Plectropomus leopardus)
by Xiaoqi Hao, Heizhao Lin, Ziyang Lin, Keng Yang, Jing Hu, Zhenhua Ma and Wei Yu
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 1980; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12101980 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 699
Abstract
The potential effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) were evaluated in coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus). Five APS levels (0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20%) were added to the diet of coral trout, and a 56-day growth trial (initial weight 18.62 ± 0.05 [...] Read more.
The potential effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) were evaluated in coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus). Five APS levels (0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20%) were added to the diet of coral trout, and a 56-day growth trial (initial weight 18.62 ± 0.05 g) was conducted. Dietary APS enhanced growth performance, with the highest improvement observed in fish fed the 0.15% APS diet. This concentration also enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immunomodulation of the fish by regulating the expression of genes associated with antioxidant enzymes and immune responses. Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that APS supplementation significantly increased the Chao1 index and relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes and Bacillus). A high level of APS (0.20%) did not provide additional benefits for growth and health compared to a moderate level (0.15%). These findings indicate that an optimal APS dose promotes growth, enhances antioxidant activity, supports immune function, and improves intestinal microbiota in coral trout. Based on a cubic regression analysis of the specific growth rate, the optimal APS level for the maximal growth of coral trout was determined to be 0.1455%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture)
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13 pages, 1388 KiB  
Article
Microeukaryotes Associated with Freshwater Mussels in Rivers of the Southeastern United States
by Akacia K. Halliday-Isaac and Colin R. Jackson
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1835; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091835 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 578
Abstract
Microeukaryotes are a diverse and often overlooked group of microbes that are important in food webs and other ecological linkages. Little is known about microeukaryotes associated with aquatic invertebrates, although filter feeders such as mussels are likely to take in and potentially retain [...] Read more.
Microeukaryotes are a diverse and often overlooked group of microbes that are important in food webs and other ecological linkages. Little is known about microeukaryotes associated with aquatic invertebrates, although filter feeders such as mussels are likely to take in and potentially retain microeukaryotes in their gut while feeding. Microeukaryotes such as apicomplexans have been reported in marine mussel species, but no studies have examined the presence of these microorganisms in freshwater mussels or how they relate to mussel host species or environmental conditions. In this study, microbial community DNA was extracted from the gut tissue of over 300 freshwater mussels, representing 22 species collected from rivers in the southeastern USA. Microeukaryote DNA was detected using PCR amplification, followed by the sequencing of positive amplicons. Microeukaryotes were found in 167 individual mussels (53%) of those tested. Amplicons included dinoflagellates/algae that differed between mussel species and are likely food sources that were distinct from those found in water and sediment samples analyzed concurrently. A total of 5% of the positive amplicons were non-photosynthetic alveolates that could represent parasitic microeukaryotes. Understanding the distribution of microeukaryotes in the freshwater mussel gut microbiome could further our understanding of the ongoing decline of mussel populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture)
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21 pages, 5963 KiB  
Article
Host Gut-Derived Probiotic, Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33, Improves Growth, Immunity, and Resistance to Vibrio harveyi in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)
by Mingqing Zhang, Yuwei Feng, Zhongxuan Zhong, Qianping Du, Wei Yu, Jinhui Wu, Xiaolin Huang, Zhong Huang, Guangting Xie and Hu Shu
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081688 - 16 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 715
Abstract
Several exogenous probiotics are applicable in fish culture; however, challenges in isolation and verification have hindered the full utilization of numerous host probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the host probiotic Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33 to hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × [...] Read more.
Several exogenous probiotics are applicable in fish culture; however, challenges in isolation and verification have hindered the full utilization of numerous host probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the host probiotic Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33 to hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) cultures and explore its mechanism of action. In total, 360 hybrid grouper were divided into four groups, which were fed the following for 60 days: three received commercial feed with varying concentrations of E. acetylicum G1-33 (106, 108, and 1010 CFU/g), while a control group received commercial feed. The results showed that supplementation with 106 and 108 CFU/g of E. acetylicum G1-33 enhanced gut morphology, upregulated growth-related genes (ghr1, igf-2, s6k1, tor), and promoted growth, with supplementation with 108 CFU/g resulting in the most notable enhancement. However, supplementation with 1010 CFU/g inhibited growth, possibly because of changes in intestinal morphology. Additionally, supplementation with E. acetylicum G1-33 upregulated the expression of immune-related genes (c3, myd88, Cu/Zn-sod, tlr3, and tnf2) in the liver and head kidney but led to an increase in malondialdehyde content, as well as a decrease in alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities, in the liver and serum, indicating increased oxidative stress. Moreover, supplementation with 106 and 108 CFU/g E. acetylicum G1-33 enhanced the widespread expression of immune-related genes in the head kidney and liver, respectively, and improved resistance to Vibrio harveyi, whereas supplementation with 1010 CFU/g weakened this resistance. In conclusion, E. acetylicum G1-33, particularly at 108 CFU/g, emerged as an effective probiotic, optimizing growth performance and immunity in hybrid grouper. This research is pioneering in its application of E. acetylicum in mariculture, potentially broadening the range of probiotic strategies in aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture)
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13 pages, 1720 KiB  
Article
Salmonirosea aquatica gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Genus within the Family Spirosomaceae, Was Isolated from Brackish Water in the Republic of Korea
by Kiwoon Baek, Sumin Jang, Jaeduk Goh and Ahyoung Choi
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081671 - 14 Aug 2024
Viewed by 839
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated SJW1-29T was isolated from brackish water samples collected from the Seomjin River, Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to characterize strain SJW1-29T and determine its taxonomic position as a [...] Read more.
A Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated SJW1-29T was isolated from brackish water samples collected from the Seomjin River, Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to characterize strain SJW1-29T and determine its taxonomic position as a potential new genus within the family Spirosomaceae. The strain grew within the range of 10–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0), and 1–4% NaCl (optimum, 3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain SJW1-29T belongs to the family Spirosomaceae and is closely related to Persicitalea jodogahamensis Shu-9-SY12-35CT (91.3% similarity), Rhabdobacter roseus R491T (90.6%), and Arundinibacter roseus DMA-K-7aT (90.0%), while the similarities to strains within the order Cytophagales were lower than 90.0%. The genome is 7.1 Mbp with a G+C content of 50.7 mol%. The use of genome-relatedness indices confirmed that this strain belongs to a new genus. The major polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and C16:0, representing more than 80% of the total fatty acids. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genetic, and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain SJW1-29T represents a novel species within a new genus in the family Spirosomaceae, for which the name Salmonirosea aquatica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Salmonirosea aquatica is SJW1-29T (=KCTC 72493T = NBRC 114061T = FBCC-B16924T). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture)
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22 pages, 7852 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Multi-Strain Probiotics on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbiota of Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)
by Guangting Xie, Xiaoying Chen, Yuwei Feng, Zhide Yu, Qiuqin Lu, Manfeng Li, Ziqi Ye, Heizhao Lin, Wei Yu and Hu Shu
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1358; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071358 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1199
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of the mixture of Bacillus cereus G1–11 and Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1–33, isolated from the gut of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), on the host. The hybrid groupers were divided into a [...] Read more.
This study aims to examine the effects of the mixture of Bacillus cereus G1–11 and Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1–33, isolated from the gut of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), on the host. The hybrid groupers were divided into a control (C, without any probiotics), B. cereus (BC, 1010 cfu/g), E. acetylicum (EA, 108 cfu/g), compound (mix, a 1:1 mixture of B. cereus and E. acetylicum), and positive reference group (P, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 5 × 108 cfu/L). Each group had four replicates, with 30 fish per replicate (53.30 ± 0.50 g), and were fed for 60 days. The results showed that adding probiotics to the feed significantly improved the weight gain, weight growth rate, specific growth rate, and digestive enzyme activities of hybrid groupers compared to the C group. The compound group was the most significant. In addition, composite probiotics added to feed significantly upregulated the expression levels of several growth-related genes in the liver and muscles. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, lysozyme, and total antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver were significantly influenced through mixed probiotic feeding. Moreover, the expression levels of several immune-related genes in the liver, spleen, and head kidney were significantly enhanced by adding single and mixed probiotics to feed, with the synergy of mixed probiotics being the best. An analysis of the gut microbiota showed that adding composite bacteria enhanced the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, significantly increasing the relative abundance of potential probiotics (Cetobacterium and Microbacterium) while decreasing the presence of potential pathogens (Mycoplasma). Overall, our findings highlighted the efficacy of mixed probiotics (B. cereus and E. acetylicum) in enhancing growth performance, nutritional value of hybrid grouper feed, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and intestinal health, in finding the best combination of functional feed additives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Application in Aquaculture)
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