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A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 31559

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Prof. Dr. Nadine Millot

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ICB, UMR 6163 Université de Bourgogne/CNRS, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
Interests: nanoparticles; nanohybrids; theranostic applications; nanovectors; nanosensors
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Dear Colleagues,

The applications for metal oxide nanoparticles are numerous and involve a wide range of interdisciplinary fields. For more than 40 years, they have been key technological materials with many industrial applications, including magnetic storage, capacitors, dyes, catalysts, and cutting tools.

Metal oxide nanoparticles can exhibit unique physicochemical properties. A large variety of metal oxide nanoparticles can be encountered, including nanograins, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoporous particles. At present, research on novel metal oxide nanoparticles is active and multidisciplinary, as it involves chemistry for the development of the nanoparticles, physics for the study and optimization of their properties, and even biology in the case of biomedical applications (e.g., nanovectorization, multimodal imaging, and antibacterial properties).

This Special Issue will focus on all aspects of the application of metal oxide nanoparticles in emerging fields, such as biosensors, energy storage and conversion, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.

Since each nanoparticle has its own peculiarities that are linked to its size, morphology, structure, and surface chemistry, it is essential to develop new types of metal oxide nanoparticles and to improve the properties of existing ones. Consequently, special attention will be paid to contributions that adopt a comprehensive approach (from synthesis to the study of properties) and to translational and implementation research.

Prof. Dr. Nadine Millot
Guest Editor

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Keywords

advanced design and synthesis
original approaches to characterization
nanoscale physicochemical properties
design and preparation of thin films
design and preparation of novel nanostructured ceramics
multiferroics
optoelectronics
plasmonic semiconductors
biomedical applications (nanovectorization, multimodal imaging, antibacterial properties)
new sensors (biosensors, gas sensors)
engineering applications for energy storage and conversion
catalytic and photocatalytic properties
environmental applications
toxicity/innocuity

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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20 pages, 4764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiplex Evaluation of Biointerface-Targeting Abilities and Affinity of Synthetized Nanoparticles—A Step Towards Improved Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

by Mélanie Romain, Céline Elie-Caille, Dorra Ben Elkadhi, Olivier Heintz, Michaële Herbst, Lionel Maurizi, Wilfrid Boireau and Nadine Millot

Molecules 2024, 29(22), 5270; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225270 - 7 Nov 2024

Viewed by 501

Abstract

To obtain versatile nanoplatforms comparable for various bio-applications, synthesis and functionalization of two inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., gold (AuNPs) and iron oxide (SPIONs), are described for different NP diameters. Chosen ligands have adapted chemical function to graft to the surfaces of the NPs (thiols and phosphonates, respectively) and the identical frequently used external carboxyl group for comparison of the NPs’ material effect on their final behavior. To further evaluate molecular length effect, AuNPs are functionalized by different ligands. Numerous characterizations highlight the colloidal stability when grafting organic molecules on NPs. The potentiality of the functionalized NPs to react efficiently with a protein monolayer is finally evaluated by grafting them on a protein covered chip, characterized by atomic force microscopy. Comparison of the NPs’ surface densities and measured heights enable observation of different NPs’ reactivity and infer the influence of the inorganic core material, as well as the NPs’ size and ligand length. AuNPs have higher affinities to biomolecules, especially when covered by shorter ligands. NP ligands should be chosen not only based on their length but also on their chemical chain, which affects proteic layer interactions. This original multiplex comparison method using AFM is of great interest to screen the effects of used NP materials and functionalization when developing theranostic nanoplatforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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15 pages, 6512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Synthesis of Magnetic Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticle with Chenopodium glaucum L. as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for One-Pot Reactions and Heavy Metal Adsorption

by Rahul Thakur, Navneet Kaur, Manvinder Kaur, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Haesook Han, Kishanpal Singh, Fohad Mabood Husain and Harvinder Singh Sohal

Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4583; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194583 - 26 Sep 2024

Viewed by 808

Abstract

The growth of the environment depends upon developing greener and ecological methods for managing pollutants and contamination from industrial wastewater, which causes significant effects on human health. The removal of these pollutants from wastewater using nanomaterials covers an ecological method that is free from expensive and secondary pollution. In this report, we developed magnetic iron nanoparticles from Chenopodium glaucum (CG), which showed excellent adsorption capacity at pH 5 for selective Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ metal ions among various heavy metal ions, with maximum adsorption capacities of 96.9 and 94.1%, respectively. These metals’ adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, which suggests that monolayer adsorption transpires on CG–Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. CG–Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles also act as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives, yielding products with high yields (up to 97%) and excellent purity (crystalline form) within a short timeframe (6 min) using microwave irradiations (at 120 W). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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12 pages, 2486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metal–Site Dispersed Zinc–Chromium Oxide Derived from Chromate–Intercalated Layered Hydroxide for Highly Selective Propane Dehydrogenation

by Lu Xue, Maoqi Pang, Zijian Yuan and Daojin Zhou

Molecules 2024, 29(13), 3063; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133063 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 690

Abstract

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a crucial approach for propylene production. However, commonly used CrO_x–based catalysts have issues including easy sintering at elevated reaction temperatures and relying on high acidity supports. In this work, we develop a strategy, to strongly anchor and isolate active sites against their commonly observed aggregation during reactions, by taking advantage of the net trap effect in chromate intercalated Zn–Cr layered hydroxides as precursors. Furthermore, the intercalated chromate overcomes the collapse of traditional layered hydroxides during their transformation to metal oxide, thus exposing more available active sites. A joint fine modulation including crystal structure, surface acidity, specific surface area, and active sites dispersion is performed on the final mixed metal oxides for propane dehydrogenation. As a result, Zn₁Cr₂–CrO₄²⁻–MMO delivers attractive propane conversion (~27%) and propylene selectivity (>90%) as compared to other non–noble–metal–based catalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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8 pages, 2038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Templated Synthesis and Assembly of Two-, Three- and Six-Patch Silica Nanoparticles with a Controlled Patch-to-Particle Size Ratio

by Bin Liu, Stéphanie Exiga, Etienne Duguet and Serge Ravaine

Molecules 2021, 26(16), 4736; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164736 - 5 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2285

Abstract

We report a fabrication route of silica nanoparticles with two, three or six patches with an easily tunable patch-to-particle size ratio. The synthetic pathway includes two main stages: the synthesis of silica/polystyrene multipod-like templates and the selective growth of their silica core through an iterative approach. Electron microscopy of the dimpled nanoparticles obtained after dissolution of the polystyrene nodules of the multipod-like nanoparticles provides evidence of the conformational growth of the silica core. Thanks to the presence of some polymer chains, which remained grafted at the bottom of the dimples after the dissolution of the PS nodules, the solvent-induced assembly of the patchy nanoparticles is performed. Chains, hexagonal suprastructures and cubic lattices are obtained from the assembly of two-, three- and six-patch silica nanoparticles, respectively. Our study can guide future work in both patchy nanoparticle synthesis and self-assembly. It also opens new routes towards the fabrication of specific classes of one-, two- and three-dimensional colloidal lattices, including complex tilings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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14 pages, 5091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Using Albizia lebbeck Extract Induced Biochemical and Morphological Alterations in Wistar Rats

by Doga Kavaz, Amina Lawan Abubakar, Nahit Rizaner and Huzaifa Umar

Molecules 2021, 26(13), 3864; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133864 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2479

Abstract

Nano-based particles synthesized via green routes have a particular structure that is useful in biomedical applications as they provide cheap, eco-friendly, and non-toxic nanoparticles. In the present study, we reported the effect of various concentrations of Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using A. lebbeck stem bark extract (ZnO NPsAL) as stabilizing agent on rat biochemical profiles and tissue morphology. Adult Wistar rats weighing 170 ± 5 g were randomly classified into eight groups of five rats each; Group A served as a control fed with normal diet and water. Groups B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, and E were treated with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL and zinc nitrate daily by the gavage method, respectively. The rats were anesthetized 24 h after the last treatment, blood samples, kidney, heart, and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The rats mean body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly altered with an increased concentration of biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL when compared with the control group (p < 0.05; n ≥ 5). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of treated rats’ kidney, heart, and liver tissue revealed vascular congestion, tubular necrosis, inflammation, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL showed significant alteration in biochemical parameters and tissue morphology in rats with increasing concentrations of the nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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17 pages, 3963 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into the Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrated Cobaltmolybdate Doped with Copper

by Layane A. L. Silva, André A. L. Silva, Maria A. S. Rios, Manoel P. Brito, Alyne R. Araújo, Durcilene A. Silva, Ramón R. Peña-Garcia, Edson C. Silva-Filho, Janildo L. Magalhães, José M. E. Matos, Josy A. Osajima and Eduardo R. Triboni

Molecules 2021, 26(5), 1267; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051267 - 26 Feb 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2459

Abstract

Molybdates are biocidal materials that can be useful in coating surfaces that are susceptible to contamination and the spread of microorganisms. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of copper doping of hydrated cobalt molybdate, synthesized by the co-precipitation method, on its antibacterial activity and to elucidate the structural and morphological changes caused by the dopant in the material. The synthesized materials were characterized by PXRD, Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), and SEM-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The antibacterial response of the materials was verified using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) employing the broth microdilution method. The size of the CoMoO₄·1.03H₂O microparticles gradually increased as the percentage of copper increased, decreasing the energy that is needed to promote the transition from the hydrated to the beta phase and changing the color of material. CoMoO₄·1.03H₂O obtained better bactericidal performance against the tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) than Escherichia coli (gram-negative). However, an interesting point was that the use of copper as a doping agent for hydrated cobalt molybdate caused an increase of MIC value in the presence of E. coli and S. aureus strains. The study demonstrates the need for caution in the use of copper as a doping material in biocidal matrices, such as cobalt molybdate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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15 pages, 16623 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Orienting the Pore Morphology of Core-Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Silica with the Sol-Gel Temperature. Influence on MRI and Magnetic Hyperthermia Properties

by Alexandre Adam, Ksenia Parkhomenko, Paula Duenas-Ramirez, Clémence Nadal, Geoffrey Cotin, Pierre-Emmanuel Zorn, Philippe Choquet, Sylvie Bégin-Colin and Damien Mertz

Molecules 2021, 26(4), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040971 - 12 Feb 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3647

Abstract

The controlled design of robust, well reproducible, and functional nanomaterials made according to simple processes is of key importance to envision future applications. In the field of porous materials, tuning nanoparticle features such as specific area, pore size and morphology by adjusting simple parameters such as pH, temperature or solvent is highly needed. In this work, we address the tunable control of the pore morphology of mesoporous silica (MS) nanoparticles (NPs) with the sol-gel reaction temperature (T_sg). We show that the pore morphology of MS NPs alone or of MS shell covering iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) can be easily tailored with T_sg orienting either towards stellar (ST) morphology (large radial pore of around 10 nm) below 80 °C or towards a worm-like (WL) morphology (small randomly oriented pores channel network, of 3–4 nm pore size) above 80 °C. The relaxometric and magnetothermal features of IO@STMS or IO@WLMS core shell NPs having respectively stellar or worm-like morphologies are compared and discussed to understand the role of the pore structure for MRI and magnetic hyperthermia applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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19 pages, 7025 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cu-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing

by Amira Mahmoud, Mosaab Echabaane, Karim Omri, Julien Boudon, Lucien Saviot, Nadine Millot and Rafik Ben Chaabane

Molecules 2021, 26(4), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040929 - 10 Feb 2021

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 4297

Abstract

Copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) Cu_xZn_1−xO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) were synthesized via a sol-gel process and used as an active electrode material to fabricate a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose. Their structure, composition, and chemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and zeta potential measurements. The electrochemical characterization of the sensors was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Cu doping was shown to improve the electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose, which resulted from the accelerated electron transfer and greatly improved electrochemical conductivity. The experimental conditions for the detection of glucose were optimized: a linear dependence between the glucose concentration and current intensity was established in the range from 1 nM to 100 μM with a limit of detection of 0.7 nM. The proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity for glucose in the presence of various interfering species. The developed sensor was also successfully tested for the detection of glucose in human serum samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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23 pages, 5678 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Surfactant-Free Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Perovskite Titania-Based Micron-Scale Motifs Used as Catalytic Supports for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction

by Nathaniel Hurley, Luyao Li, Christopher Koenigsmann and Stanislaus S. Wong

Molecules 2021, 26(4), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040909 - 9 Feb 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2779

Abstract

We synthesized and subsequently rationalized the formation of a series of 3D hierarchical metal oxide spherical motifs. Specifically, we varied the chemical composition within a family of ATiO₃ (wherein “A” = Ca, Sr, and Ba) perovskites, using a two-step, surfactant-free synthesis procedure to generate structures with average diameters of ~3 microns. In terms of demonstrating the practicality of these perovskite materials, we have explored their use as supports for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as a function of their size, morphology, and chemical composition. The MOR activity of our target systems was found to increase with decreasing ionic radius of the “A” site cation, in order of Pt/CaTiO₃ (CTO) > Pt/SrTiO₃ (STO) > Pt/BaTiO₃ (BTO). With respect to morphology, we observed an MOR enhancement of our 3D spherical motifs, as compared with either ultra-small or cubic control samples. Moreover, the Pt/CTO sample yielded not only improved mass and specific activity values but also a greater stability and durability, as compared with both commercial TiO₂ nanoparticle standards and precursor TiO₂ templates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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13 pages, 4794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surface Compositional Change of Iron Oxide Porous Nanorods: A Route for Tuning their Magnetic Properties

by Alberto Casu, Danilo Loche, Sergio Lentijo-Mozo and Andrea Falqui

Molecules 2020, 25(5), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051234 - 9 Mar 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2810

Abstract

The capability of synthesizing specific nanoparticles (NPs) by varying their shape, size and composition in a controlled fashion represents a typical set of engineering tools that tune the NPs magnetic response via their anisotropy. In particular, variations in NP composition mainly affect the magnetocrystalline anisotropy component, while the different magnetic responses of NPs with isotropic (i.e., spherical) or elongated shapes are mainly caused by changes in their shape anisotropy. In this context, we propose a novel route to obtain monodispersed, partially hollow magnetite nanorods (NRs) by colloidal synthesis, in order to exploit their shape anisotropy to increase the related coercivity; we then modify their composition via a cation exchange (CE) approach. The combination of a synthetic and post-synthetic approach on NRs gave rise to dramatic variations in their magnetic features, with the pores causing an initial magnetic hardening that was further enhanced by the post-synthetic introduction of a manganese oxide shell. Indeed, the coupling of the core and shell ferrimagnetic phases led to even harder magnetic NRs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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26 pages, 3653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methods of Granulocyte Isolation from Human Blood and Labeling with Multimodal Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

by Fernando Alvieri, Javier B. Mamani, Mariana P. Nucci, Fernando A. Oliveira, Igor S. Filgueiras, Gabriel N. A. Rego, Marycel F. de Barboza, Helio R. da Silva and Lionel F. Gamarra

Molecules 2020, 25(4), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040765 - 11 Feb 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5179

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to find the best method of granulocyte isolation for subsequent labeling with multimodal nanoparticles (magnetic and fluorescent properties) to enable detection by optical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The granulocytes were obtained from venous blood samples from 12 healthy volunteers. To achieve high purity and yield, four different methods of granulocyte isolation were evaluated. The isolated granulocytes were labeled with multimodal superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (M-SPIONs) coated with dextran, and the iron load was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by MRI, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The best method of granulocyte isolation was Percoll with Ficoll, which showed 95.92% purity and 94% viability. After labeling with M-SPIONs, the granulocytes showed 98.0% purity with a yield of 3.5 × 10⁶ cells/mL and more than 98.6% viability. The iron-loading value in the labeled granulocytes, as obtained by MRI, was 6.40 ± 0.18 pg/cell. Similar values were found with the ICP-MS and NIRF imaging techniques. Therefore, our study shows that it is possible to isolate granulocytes with high purity and yield and labeling with M-SPIONs provides a high internalized iron load and low toxicity to cells. Therefore, these M-SPION-labeled granulocytes could be a promising candidate for future use in inflammation/infection detection by optical and MRI techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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Review

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17 pages, 1097 KiB

Open AccessReview

Molecular Docking Approach for Biological Interaction of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles

by Pallab Kar, Ayodeji O. Oriola and Adebola O. Oyedeji

Molecules 2024, 29(11), 2428; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112428 - 21 May 2024

Viewed by 1846

Abstract

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the subject of nanotechnology, with a range of methods developed to synthesize precise-sized and shaped nanoparticles according to particular requirements. Often, the nanoparticles are created by employing dangerous reducing chemicals to reduce metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles. Green synthesis or biological approaches have been used recently to circumvent this issue because biological techniques are simple, inexpensive, safe, clean, and extremely productive. Nowadays, much research is being conducted on how different kinds of nanoparticles connect to proteins and nucleic acids using molecular docking models. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent advancements in molecular docking capacity to predict the interactions between various nanoparticles (NPs), such as ZnO, CuO, Ag, Au, and Fe₃O_4, and biological macromolecules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles)

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