Sustainability

Research

20 pages, 767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Can Personality Enhance Sustainable Career Management? The Mediation Effects of Future Time Perspective in Career Decisions

by In-Jo Park, Meiqiao Gu and Shenyang Hai

Sustainability 2020, 12(3), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031167 - 6 Feb 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4754

Abstract

This study seeks to explore the mediating effects of future time perspective (FTP) between personality variables and career decision-making self-efficacy and career indecision with respect to managing sustainable careers. We used an online survey to collect data from 250 undergraduates for Study 1, [...] Read more.

This study seeks to explore the mediating effects of future time perspective (FTP) between personality variables and career decision-making self-efficacy and career indecision with respect to managing sustainable careers. We used an online survey to collect data from 250 undergraduates for Study 1, in which we explored the mediating role of FTP which focused on the emotional and cognitive personality traits of emotional intelligence, ego resilience, and self-control; and from 249 undergraduate students for Study 2, in which we investigated the mediating effects of FTP on the personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. The results from the first study indicated that emotional intelligence, ego resilience, and self-control had indirect effects on career decision-making self-efficacy and career indecision via FTP. The results of the second study showed that extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism had indirect effects on career decision self-efficacy and career indecision via FTP. These results contribute to an enhanced understanding of the relationship between personalities and career decisions, and they expand our knowledge about the antecedents and consequences of FTP. At the end of this paper, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study and identify directions for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Evil Prevail? The “Bright” and “Dark” Sides of Personality as Predictors of Adaptive Performance

by Pedro J. Ramos-Villagrasa, Elena Fernández-del-Río and Juan Ramón Barrada

Sustainability 2020, 12(2), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020474 - 8 Jan 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4435

Abstract

The turbulent context in which organizations operate today makes them search for adaptable workers. Previous studies have shown the predictive value of the “Big Five” personality traits on adaptive performance, but some authors suggest extending personality domain with the “dark” traits of personality, [...] Read more.

The turbulent context in which organizations operate today makes them search for adaptable workers. Previous studies have shown the predictive value of the “Big Five” personality traits on adaptive performance, but some authors suggest extending personality domain with the “dark” traits of personality, that is, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy (i.e., the “Dark Triad”), and sadism (which, along with the aforementioned traits, composes the “Dark Tetrad”). The present research investigates the incremental validity of the dark traits in the prediction of adaptive performance over the Big Five. The study follows a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 613 participants (46% women; mean age 38.78 years, SD = 14.05; mean job experience = 16.93 years, SD = 13.39) from different organizations who fill in a questionnaire with the variables. Our results showed that the Dark Triad improved the predictive model with respect to the Big Five (R² = 0.202, ΔR² = 0.030, p < 0.001). The statistically significant predictors were neuroticism (β = −0.127, p

=

0.010), openness to experience (β = 0.155, p < 0.001), conscientiousness (β = 0.164, p

=

0.001), narcissism (β = 0.134 p < 0.002), and psychopathy (β = −0.137, p = 0.005). The incorporation of sadism did not improve the Dark Triad model (R² = 0.202, ΔR²= −0.001, p = 0.541). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

21 pages, 590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysing the Environmental Values and Attitudes of Rural Nepalese Children by Validating the 2-MEV Model

by Shakil Regmi, Bruce Johnson and Bed Mani Dahal

Sustainability 2020, 12(1), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010164 - 24 Dec 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4478

Abstract

The Two-dimensional Model of Ecological Values (2-MEV), developed and verified in Western Europe, successfully explores the environmental values and attitudes of the children (11−16 years old) using questionnaires/items. However, the reliability of the 2-MEV Scale and its bi-dimensionality in a non-industrialised country, such [...] Read more.

The Two-dimensional Model of Ecological Values (2-MEV), developed and verified in Western Europe, successfully explores the environmental values and attitudes of the children (11−16 years old) using questionnaires/items. However, the reliability of the 2-MEV Scale and its bi-dimensionality in a non-industrialised country, such as Nepal, is unexplored. Nepal lies within the monsoon region, which triggers extreme environmental crises such as floods. As environmental values and attitudes are related to pro-environmental/adaptive behaviour, this study analyses not only the values and attitudes of children but also the validity of the 2-MEV Scale in a different geographic and socioeconomic setting. Therefore, the items of the 2-MEV Scale were modified, translated, and validated in two rounds with 200 and 201 children. Results were examined using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. The findings validated the two constructs of environmental values (Preservation and Utilisation) with a correlation of −0.93, but the attitude’s pattern varied from that found in industrialised countries. Finally, the rural Nepalese version of the 2-MEV was used to measure environmental values. Most children (78.62% from n = 379) show an inclination towards Preservation, 0.26% towards Utilisation, 20.05% towards both values partially, and 1.05% were neutral. In general, the children held pro-environmental values and attitudes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 1832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

We Can’t Keep Meating Like This: Attitudes towards Vegetarian and Vegan Diets in the United Kingdom

by Christopher J. Bryant

Sustainability 2019, 11(23), 6844; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236844 - 2 Dec 2019

Cited by 148 | Viewed by 57786

Abstract

Animal agriculture is implicated as a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions, animal suffering and public health problems. This survey asked 1000 UK meat-eaters about their beliefs about vegetarian and vegan diets, and their intended consumption of meat and animal products one month [...] Read more.

Animal agriculture is implicated as a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions, animal suffering and public health problems. This survey asked 1000 UK meat-eaters about their beliefs about vegetarian and vegan diets, and their intended consumption of meat and animal products one month in the future. One in six intended to reduce their meat consumption in the next month, and 14% intended to reduce their consumption of animal products. The majority agreed that vegetarian and vegan diets are ethical, good for the environment and healthy. The majority also agreed that both vegetarianism and veganism were socially acceptable. However, there were three consistent negative beliefs about vegetarian and vegan diets: that they are difficult, that they are not enjoyable and that they are expensive. Moreover, perceptions of vegan diets were significantly more negative than perceptions of vegetarian diets on most aspects. Significant differences in perceptions of each diet were observed between genders and by age. It is argued that most meat-eaters agree with the ethical and environmental arguments in favour of vegetarianism/veganism but do not follow these diets because of practical reasons relating to taste, price and convenience. New alternatives to animal products are discussed as a possible way to address these practical barriers. Finally, the case is made for more research on developing high-quality, low-cost and widely available animal product alternatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cognitive Reflection and General Mental Ability as Predictors of Job Performance

by Jesús F. Salgado, Inmaculada Otero and Silvia Moscoso

Sustainability 2019, 11(22), 6498; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226498 - 18 Nov 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4344

Abstract

This paper presents a study with four independent samples on the validity of cognitive reflection (CR) for predicting job performance and academic outcomes. The results showed that CR was a valid predictor of academic outcomes (i.e., grades and exam marks) and job performance [...] Read more.

This paper presents a study with four independent samples on the validity of cognitive reflection (CR) for predicting job performance and academic outcomes. The results showed that CR was a valid predictor of academic outcomes (i.e., grades and exam marks) and job performance (i.e., assessment center ratings). The magnitude of the CR validity was similar to the validity of GMA. Moreover, we found that CR and GMA were moderately correlated, and multiple regression analyses showed that CR added a small amount of validity over GMA validity for predicting both types of performance. Finally, we discuss the implications of the findings for the theory and practice of predicting performance and organizational sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

11 pages, 782 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Levels of Cognitive Congruence between Managers and Team Members’ Perceptions of Cooperation at Work

by Alexandre García-Mas, Antonio Núñez Prats, Aurelio Olmedilla, Roberto Ruiz-Barquín and Enrique Cantón

Sustainability 2019, 11(21), 6111; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216111 - 2 Nov 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3029

Abstract

Much of the research on the psychological dynamics of performance teams suffers from the following limitations: consideration of only one theoretical framework and analysis of just one perspective (e.g., manager–coach or team member). To address these shortcomings, this study used a Global Cooperation [...] Read more.

Much of the research on the psychological dynamics of performance teams suffers from the following limitations: consideration of only one theoretical framework and analysis of just one perspective (e.g., manager–coach or team member). To address these shortcomings, this study used a Global Cooperation concept that synthesized five psychological frameworks: coordination, cohesion, cooperation, integration, and identification. The objective of this study was to examine the level of congruence–symmetry between the two perspectives and the tendency for managers–coaches and team members to reduce cognitive dissonance in the perception of global cooperation. To this end, 108 managers–coaches and members of performance teams were studied (range: 23−60 years old) using a Cooperative Workteam Questionnaire (CWQ). Results revealed that the greatest amount of asymmetry was observed in Global Cooperation and Emotional Cooperation, while less asymmetry was found in Personal Growth, and good congruence–fit in Conditioned Cooperation. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical meaning and practical implications for interventions on performance teams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 1290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Correlates of Academic Dishonesty: Towards a Sustainable University

by Dámaris Cuadrado, Jesús F. Salgado and Silvia Moscoso

Sustainability 2019, 11(21), 6062; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216062 - 31 Oct 2019

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5658

Abstract

Academic dishonesty (AD) is a problem that affects all higher education institutions. It hurts their reputation, undermines integrity programs, and sidelines sustainability efforts. To understand its negative impact, the empirical study of AD is a critical issue. Up to now, the majority of [...] Read more.

Academic dishonesty (AD) is a problem that affects all higher education institutions. It hurts their reputation, undermines integrity programs, and sidelines sustainability efforts. To understand its negative impact, the empirical study of AD is a critical issue. Up to now, the majority of research on AD has taken place in the North American context. The current research analyzes the prevalence of AD in a non-American university and, focusing on individual differences, examines some of its causes and consequences. The results prove that: (1) AD is a problem that occurs frequently among students; (2) three dimensions of the big five personality model correlate with AD. These are conscientiousness (ρ = −0.49, p < 0.01), extraversion (ρ = 0.39, p < 0.01), and agreeableness (ρ = −0.14, p < 0.01); (3) AD is associated to students’ GPA (Grade Point Average) (ρ = −0.34, p < 0.01) and contextual performance (ρ = −0.50, p < 0.01); (4) personality accounts for 30% of AD variance (R = 0.55, p < 0.01); and (5) AD and some of the studied individual differences explain 38% and 41% of GPA and contextual performance variance (R = 0.62, p < 0.01 and R = 0.64, p < 0.01). Implications for research and practice are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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12 pages, 1437 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Affinity towards Diversity Using the Implicit Association Test and Self-Reports

by Víctor Omar Corral-Frías, Marc Yancy Lucas, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Víctor Corral-Verdugo and César Tapia-Fonllem

Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5825; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205825 - 21 Oct 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2998

Abstract

Affinity towards diversity (ATD) is the tendency to appreciate the dynamic variety of biophysical and socio-cultural scenarios. ATD may reveal a human predisposition to conserve the diversity necessary to guarantee the preservation of human and natural ecosystems. This study expands upon previous studies [...] Read more.

Affinity towards diversity (ATD) is the tendency to appreciate the dynamic variety of biophysical and socio-cultural scenarios. ATD may reveal a human predisposition to conserve the diversity necessary to guarantee the preservation of human and natural ecosystems. This study expands upon previous studies which employed only self-report measures by introducing a version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and by using a mediational model to test whether ATD through sustainable (pro-environmental and pro-social) behaviors leads to greater wellbeing. We recruited 119 Mexican students to complete a computerized IAT task and respond to ATD, wellbeing, and sustainable behavior self-report questionnaires. Reliability analyses of the scales utilized showed acceptable indexes. A mediational model was tested to examine whether sustainable behaviors mediate the relationship between ATD and wellbeing. Results demonstrated that affinity towards diversity indirectly predicted wellbeing via the mediating effects of pro-environmental behaviors and altruism. Despite finding an association between self-reported affinity towards biodiversity and IAT reaction times, an association was not found with D scores, highlighting the need for further research. These findings suggest that those with increased inclination towards diversity are more prone to engage in environmentally (both physical and social) protective behaviors and to experience psychological wellbeing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 1308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Attitudes toward Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence from Five Chinese Cities

by Ting Guan, Ke Meng, Wei Liu and Lan Xue

Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5793; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205793 - 18 Oct 2019

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 7164

Abstract

Raising public awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a critical prerequisite for their implementation. However, little is known about attitude formation among the public toward SDGs at the national level. We explored this topic in China, a country that has emerged [...] Read more.

Raising public awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a critical prerequisite for their implementation. However, little is known about attitude formation among the public toward SDGs at the national level. We explored this topic in China, a country that has emerged as a leading world economy with strong transformational imperatives to work toward sustainable development. Following Chaiken’s heuristic–systematic model and using data from an online survey with 4128 valid respondents, this study investigated the factors that affect public support for SDGs and explains how individuals form supportive attitudes. Our empirical evidence showed that in China, first, public support is mainly shaped by demographic attributes (gender, age, and educational attainment), value predispositions (e.g., altruistic values and anthropocentric worldviews), and the level of SDG-relevant knowledge. Second, an interaction effect exists between value predispositions and knowledge among the public concerning support for SDGs. Third, the Chinese public views the implementation of SDGs as a part of development policy rather than environmental policy. This study provides empirical findings on the factors that account for public attitudes toward SDGs, outlining some useful implications for designing policy tools that would bolster SDG action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 1157 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Doing Good Better: Impure Altruism in Green Apparel Advertising

by So Young Song and Youn-Kyung Kim

Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5762; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205762 - 17 Oct 2019

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 6456

Abstract

In this study, we identify impure altruism as a duality of altruistic and egoistic warmth. We examine how these feelings motivate consumers to buy green apparel in response to advertisements. We test the effectiveness of the message orientation and its interactivity with a [...] Read more.

In this study, we identify impure altruism as a duality of altruistic and egoistic warmth. We examine how these feelings motivate consumers to buy green apparel in response to advertisements. We test the effectiveness of the message orientation and its interactivity with a beneficiary and propose modeling impure altruism as the reason why consumers purchase green apparel. The study uses a quasi-experiment to estimate a comparison effect among advertising stimuli. We conduct an online survey among US consumers that garnered 586 responses for the main data analysis. The results indicate that egocentric appeals increase perceived uniqueness and that human beneficiary appeals lead to higher communal harmony. The findings show that communal harmony and global wellbeing prompt altruistic warmth and that uniqueness and product quality encourage egoistic warmth. Notably, altruistic warmth contributes to egoistic warmth, which indicates the existence of impurely altruistic consumers. Both altruistic and egoistic warmth lead to the intention of purchasing green apparel. We recommend “feel-good” marketing strategies to publicize the benefits of a sustainable lifestyle. The study contributes to the theoretical development of sustainability and can serve as an extension of a discrete model of altruism and egoism on consumers’ sustainable behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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12 pages, 231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relative Income and Life Satisfaction among Chinese Adults

by Chenghua Guan, Yingjie Qiu and Ruopeng An

Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5651; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205651 - 14 Oct 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2494

Abstract

Life satisfaction is a key component of people’s subjective well-being. This study assessed the relationship between relative income and life satisfaction among Chinese adults, using data from a cross-sectional survey. Individual-level data (N = 1369) came from the 2016 China Genuine Progress indicator [...] Read more.

Life satisfaction is a key component of people’s subjective well-being. This study assessed the relationship between relative income and life satisfaction among Chinese adults, using data from a cross-sectional survey. Individual-level data (N = 1369) came from the 2016 China Genuine Progress indicator Survey (CGPiS) conducted in Beijing and Chengdu, China. Ordered logistic regressions were performed to examine the relationship between relative income and life satisfaction among CGPiS adult respondents. Respondents’ life satisfaction was positively associated with relative income in comparison to their relatives and friends but not associated with relative income in comparison to their residing community and city. Subgroup analyses replicated the findings among male respondents and respondents with good or excellent self-rated health. In contrast, female respondents’ life satisfaction was positively associated with relative income in comparison to their city of residence, but not associated with relative income in comparison to their relatives, friends, and residing community. Life satisfaction among those with poor or fair self-rated health was not associated with any of the four dimensions of relative income. Relative income in comparison to relatives and friends was positively associated with life satisfaction in Chinese adults. Future studies adopting a longitudinal or experimental design are warranted to replicate the findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

14 pages, 458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decreasing Aggression through Team Communication in Collegiate Athletes

by Hunhyuk Choi, Jae-Ahm Park and Youngsook Kim

Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5650; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205650 - 14 Oct 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5090

Abstract

Researchers have been interested in the topic of aggression in sports, and research shows it may not only hinder team success but also cause serious injuries (e.g., career-ending injuries) to athletes. Previous studies found that variables (e.g., communication, coaches, and efficacy) increased or [...] Read more.

Researchers have been interested in the topic of aggression in sports, and research shows it may not only hinder team success but also cause serious injuries (e.g., career-ending injuries) to athletes. Previous studies found that variables (e.g., communication, coaches, and efficacy) increased or decreased aggression in athletes; however, no studies have been conducted to investigate a model including these variables and aggression. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simultaneously examine the relationships among communication, coach–athlete relationship, team efficacy, and aggression in team sports. After 294 collegiate athletes playing in team sports completed the battery of questionnaires, the data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and the structural equation modeling. The bootstrapping method was utilized to test the mediation effects. The results showed that communication was positively related to the coach–athlete relationship and team efficacy. The coach–athlete relationship was positively related to team efficacy which was negatively related to aggression. The bootstrapping results indicated a significant indirect effect from communication to aggression through coach–athlete relationship and team efficacy. The current study suggests that coaches should improve their communication skills to help athletes to have positive perceptions in the relationships with their coaches, to increase team efficacy, and to reduce aggressive behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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19 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incorporating Physical Environment-Related Factors in an Assessment of Community Attachment: Understanding Urban Park Contributions

by Ying Xu, David Matarrita-Cascante, Jae Ho Lee and A.E. Luloff

Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5603; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205603 - 11 Oct 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3712

Abstract

Community sociologists have examined community attachment through an almost exclusive focus on people’s social relations. Recent research efforts have noted the neglect of the physical place in traditional community sociological studies. Doing this has brought the physical environment into their discussions of community [...] Read more.

Community sociologists have examined community attachment through an almost exclusive focus on people’s social relations. Recent research efforts have noted the neglect of the physical place in traditional community sociological studies. Doing this has brought the physical environment into their discussions of community attachment. Despite this progress, we remain limited in our understanding of the physical environment’s contribution to peoples’ attachment to their communities and whether its effect on community attachment is applicable in the context of urban settings. In an effort to expand our knowledge of this topic, this study explored the contributions of the urban physical environment on community attachment. By selecting the Discovery Green Park as a typical form of physical environment in Houston, Texas, this study sought to investigate how people’s levels of community attachment could be predicted by: (1) peoples’ interactions with an urban park; (2) people’s emotional connections with such a park; and (3) peoples’ social interactions with others within the park. After conducting a series of block model regression analyses, we found that community attachment was not completely defined by social factors, but also depended upon peoples’ emotional connections with the local physical environment and the social interactions happening in those settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Relationship between Pro-Environmental Behavior, Experienced Monetary Costs, and Psychological Gains

by Mathias Zannakis, Sverker Molander and Lars-Olof Johansson

Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5467; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195467 - 2 Oct 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4225

Abstract

Drawing on the emerging scarcity, abundance, and sufficiency (SAS) framework, this study explores how various consumer behaviors with potential environmental impacts relate to subjective evaluations of psychological resources such as economic resources, time, social networks, and emotional support. Assuming that individuals may “trade” [...] Read more.

Drawing on the emerging scarcity, abundance, and sufficiency (SAS) framework, this study explores how various consumer behaviors with potential environmental impacts relate to subjective evaluations of psychological resources such as economic resources, time, social networks, and emotional support. Assuming that individuals may “trade” the costs and efforts of green consumption, including the buying of eco-labeled goods, altered eating habits, and choice of transportation mode, against such psychological resources, we investigate the relationships between green consumer choices and resource evaluations using hierarchical regression analysis of data from an online panel survey. The results suggest that green consumer behaviors are positively related to subjectively evaluated resources such as feelings of economic sufficiency and other, more “relational” resources, including social networks and emotional support. Performing such behaviors may therefore lead to psychological gains. These findings do paint a rather positive picture of environmental behaviors, since they may thus be viewed as having a personal positive trade-off. Although directional effects cannot be firmly established, our study suggests that pro-environmental behavior may increase wellbeing and experienced prosperity. Future studies should further investigate these causalities and implications of these suggested relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

19 pages, 278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anthropomorphism of Nature, Environmental Guilt, and Pro-Environmental Behavior

by Kim-Pong Tam

Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5430; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195430 - 30 Sep 2019

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 10642

Abstract

Feeling guilty about the occurrence of environmental problems is not uncommon; however, not everyone experiences it. Why are there such individual differences? Considering that guilt is a predominantly interpersonal phenomenon, as emotion research has demonstrated, how is it possible that some individuals feel [...] Read more.

Feeling guilty about the occurrence of environmental problems is not uncommon; however, not everyone experiences it. Why are there such individual differences? Considering that guilt is a predominantly interpersonal phenomenon, as emotion research has demonstrated, how is it possible that some individuals feel guilty for the degradation of the non-human environment, and some others do not? The present investigation tests an integrated solution to these two questions based on the concept of anthropomorphism. In three studies, with an individual difference approach, it was observed that anthropomorphism of nature predicted the experience of environmental guilt, and this feeling in turn was associated with engagement in pro-environmental behavior. That is, it appears that individuals who view nature in anthropomorphic terms are more likely to feel guilty for environmental degradation, and they take more steps toward environmental action. This observation not only improves existing understanding of environmental guilt, but also adds evidence to the theoretical possibility of describing and understanding the human–nature relationship with reference to psychological knowledge regarding interpersonal relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

20 pages, 2071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Descriptive Imagery and Appeals on Emotions and Intentions Related to Pro-Environmental Behavior

by Mykolas Simas Poškus, Rasa Pilkauskaitė Valickienė and Arvydas Kuzinas

Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5257; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195257 - 25 Sep 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4433

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to assess whether reinforcing imagery affects the emotional valence and effectiveness of pro-environmental public service announcements (PSAs). Two experiments that utilized PSAs constructed from a combination of text-based appeal and an image were carried out. The [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study is to assess whether reinforcing imagery affects the emotional valence and effectiveness of pro-environmental public service announcements (PSAs). Two experiments that utilized PSAs constructed from a combination of text-based appeal and an image were carried out. The first experiment used the following appeals; (1) highlighting injunction, (2) highlighting injunction together with a negative descriptive norm, and (3) highlighting injunction together with a positive descriptive norm. These appeals were written on a photograph that either depicted nature scenery or the same scenery with digitally added litter. The results of the first experiment demonstrated that a congruent combination of text appeals highlighting injunction together with a positive descriptive norm and positive descriptive imagery elicits the most positive emotions when compared to other appeal and image combinations. The second experiment demonstrated that appeals with positive descriptive norms and an injunctive message coupled with a congruent descriptive image affect behavioral intention more than appeals with an injunctive only message coupled with a congruent descriptive image, thus demonstrating the additive effect of descriptive imagery and appeals presented together. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning and Parenting in Spanish Environments: Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Self-Concept

by Gema Bagán, Ana M. Tur-Porcar and Anna Llorca

Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195193 - 22 Sep 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4010

Abstract

The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development is related to improvements in people’s quality of life in different environments, including the family. Based on this theoretical approach, this study explores the relationships between parenting styles (maternal and paternal support, control, and neglect) and [...] Read more.

The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development is related to improvements in people’s quality of life in different environments, including the family. Based on this theoretical approach, this study explores the relationships between parenting styles (maternal and paternal support, control, and neglect) and prosocial behavior, aggression, and self-concept of children from Spain aged 4–7 years (M = 5.81; DS = 1.05). Participants were 635 boys and girls (53.7% boys; 46.3% girls) from Valencia and Castellón (Spain). Most parents had low educational levels and low-qualified, temporary jobs. Over 82% of participants were from Spain. The other participants were from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. The results indicate that maternal support and control have the strongest relationships with children’s prosocial behavior, aggression, and self-concept, fundamentally as predictors of self-concept and aggression. According to children’s perceptions, maternal parenting plays a more prominent role than paternal parenting. Authoritarian and neglectful parenting at these ages seems to be perceived less negatively than at other ages, and the effects of such parenting may arise at a later age. Furthermore, prosocial behavior and self-concept curb aggression. These results can support the design of interventions in childhood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

16 pages, 413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Three-Wave Study on the Reciprocal Relationships between Emotional Dissonance, Need for Recovery, and Exhaustion

by Silvia Simbula, Greta Mazzetti and Dina Guglielmi

Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5183; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195183 - 21 Sep 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3756

Abstract

Academic literature has recognized teaching as a particularly stressful occupation, specifically, the research confirmed the central role of emotional dissonance in the experience of emotional exhaustion. Albeit previous studies confirm the existence of circular dynamics involving job demands and individual’s well-being, studies focusing [...] Read more.

Academic literature has recognized teaching as a particularly stressful occupation, specifically, the research confirmed the central role of emotional dissonance in the experience of emotional exhaustion. Albeit previous studies confirm the existence of circular dynamics involving job demands and individual’s well-being, studies focusing on the long-term relationships between job demands, need for recovery, and emotional exhaustion are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore how emotional dissonance, need for recovery, and emotional exhaustion are related over time. By using the general framework of the health impairment process of the Job Demands-Resources model, these paths were investigated by means of a three-wave longitudinal design (n = 107 schoolteachers). Results of structural equation modeling analyses generally supported our hypotheses. Specifically, it was found that the model with reciprocal relationships between emotional dissonance and exhaustion on the one hand, and between need for recovery and exhaustion on the other, exhibited the best fit with the data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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12 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Measurements “Affect” the Importance of Social Influences on Household’s Photovoltaic Adoption—A German Case Study

by Ingo Kastner and Inga Wittenberg

Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5175; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195175 - 20 Sep 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3185

Abstract

Investment determinants on residential photovoltaic (PV) in Germany were measured via questionnaire. The survey covered social influences in terms of injunctive and descriptive norms, and economic, ecological and autarkic motives for the investment. Descriptive norms were more relevant for the investment decisions than [...] Read more.

Investment determinants on residential photovoltaic (PV) in Germany were measured via questionnaire. The survey covered social influences in terms of injunctive and descriptive norms, and economic, ecological and autarkic motives for the investment. Descriptive norms were more relevant for the investment decisions than injunctive norms, but both were considerably less important than all of the other three investment motives. Additionally, we observed the actual distribution of PV systems in the participants’ living area; we gathered the observation data on PV distribution from governmental databases. We found survey data on descriptive and objective norms and observation data to be unrelated. These findings indicate that multiple approaches are necessary to assess the relevance of social influences reliably. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

14 pages, 1721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Neuroscientific Approach to Explore Consumers’ Intentions Towards Sustainability within the Luxury Fashion Industry

by Michela Balconi, Roberta Sebastiani and Laura Angioletti

Sustainability 2019, 11(18), 5105; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185105 - 18 Sep 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7726

Abstract

Little is presently known about customers’ expectations and the unspoken relevant factors which lead them to prefer or not sustainable luxury products. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of luxury consumers’ implicit intentions towards sustainability by using, for the first time, a [...] Read more.

Little is presently known about customers’ expectations and the unspoken relevant factors which lead them to prefer or not sustainable luxury products. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of luxury consumers’ implicit intentions towards sustainability by using, for the first time, a neuroscientific approach applied to the luxury fashion domain. A greater cortical activity related to cognitive and emotional aspects was hypothesized for luxury sustainability-oriented consumers than for non-sustainability-oriented subjects when presented with sustainability-related cues. Sixteen luxury consumers were divided into two groups according to their sensitivity towards sustainability issues. They were asked to observe a set of 10 stimuli depicting sustainability issues and then to interact with a salesperson while their cortical activity was recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG). Frequency band analysis revealed higher levels of beta, delta, and theta band EEG activity in temporoparietal than frontocentral areas when observing pictures related to sustainability and a specific right temporoparietal theta band activation for the Nonsustainable Group. An increased level of knowledge of sustainability themes was confirmed by the correct detection of stimuli valence and a significant presence of delta power when the salesperson explained the brand’s sustainable policy. The specific brain responses related to sensitivity towards sustainability and the different effect of knowledge on sustainability topics based on group differences are discussed here in light of emotional behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Residents’ Attitudes toward Support for Island Sustainable Tourism

by Cheng-Yu Hsu, Mei-Yen Chen and Shih-Chieh Yang

Sustainability 2019, 11(18), 5051; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185051 - 16 Sep 2019

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6131

Abstract

This study examined the relationships between the factors that influence residents’ attitudes toward supporting for sustainable tourism in an island context. A quantification approach was employed to obtain the residents’ perspectives. This study collected 384 valid questionnaires from the residents and analyzed the [...] Read more.

This study examined the relationships between the factors that influence residents’ attitudes toward supporting for sustainable tourism in an island context. A quantification approach was employed to obtain the residents’ perspectives. This study collected 384 valid questionnaires from the residents and analyzed the collected data using structural equation modeling to test the model. The findings revealed that the Maximizing Community Participation dimension demonstrated a positive direct effect on residents’ support for sustainable tourism, and this dimension explained most of the variance in the model. The Perceived Economic Benefits dimension exhibited a positive direct effect on the residents’ support for sustainable tourism. Perceived Economic Benefits mediated the effect of Environmental Sustainability on support for sustainable tourism. The findings provide practical implications for policy makers on the promotion of sustainable tourism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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22 pages, 589 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can an Experience with No Car Use Change Future Mode Choice Behavior?

by Matus Sucha, Lucie Viktorova and Ralf Risser

Sustainability 2019, 11(17), 4698; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174698 - 29 Aug 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2676

Abstract

In order to determine whether an experimentally induced experience has the potential to change future travel mode choice, we recruited 10 families living in a middle-sized city who used a car at least four times a week, and made them stop using the [...] Read more.

In order to determine whether an experimentally induced experience has the potential to change future travel mode choice, we recruited 10 families living in a middle-sized city who used a car at least four times a week, and made them stop using the car for one month. Each adult family member kept a travel diary and interviews were conducted prior to the experiment, after one month without a car, and then three months and one year after the experiment ended. The results suggest that the participants’ attitudes towards different transportation modes did not change during the period of the study, but their actual travel behavior did. In this respect, several factors were identified that influence travel mode choice, once the participants are made aware of the decision process and break the habit of car use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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29 pages, 781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transition towards Sustainability: Adoption of Eco-Products among Consumers

by Jana Hojnik, Mitja Ruzzier and Maja Konečnik Ruzzier

Sustainability 2019, 11(16), 4308; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164308 - 9 Aug 2019

Cited by 65 | Viewed by 15937

Abstract

Transition to sustainability is a long-term challenge which should also actively engage consumers, as consumption causes environmental stress. In order to understand how consumers adopt eco-products, we conducted an extensive literature review of green consumerism and presented findings of 47 previous research works. [...] Read more.

Transition to sustainability is a long-term challenge which should also actively engage consumers, as consumption causes environmental stress. In order to understand how consumers adopt eco-products, we conducted an extensive literature review of green consumerism and presented findings of 47 previous research works. In addition, this study’s aim was to explore whether consumers remain only concerned about the environment or whether they actually make a difference. Moreover, we examined gender differences. Because the relationship between consumers’ environmental concern and purchase intention is not straightforward, we aimed to explore the effect of consumers’ environmental concern on their purchase intention. The purpose of this paper was to explore how consumers’ familiarity with and consciousness of eco-products and their perceived sense of environmental responsibility mediate the relationship between consumers’ environmental concern and their purchase intention. We used structural equation modeling to test the proposed conceptual model based on a sample of 705 Slovenian consumers. Our findings suggest that all the above-mentioned constructs mediate the relationship between consumers’ environmental concern and their purchase intention in relation to eco-products. However, consumers’ consciousness of eco-products has the greatest effect in channeling environmental concern into purchase intention of eco-products. In addition, the findings indicate that female consumers express greater environmental concern, consciousness of eco-products, and perceived environmental responsibility than male consumers. The paper concludes with policy and managerial implications, theoretical implications, limitations of the study, and future research directions based on the findings of consumers’ perspectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 1144 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of High–Low Power on Green Consumption: The Moderating Effect of Impression Management Motivation

by Yong Zhang, Jiayu Ao and Jiayue Deng

Sustainability 2019, 11(16), 4287; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164287 - 8 Aug 2019

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4720

Abstract

The importance of sustainable development has reached a consensus. Green consumption, as the final link of consumer behavior, can help green production activities make a real difference and achieve sustainable development. Based on the Agentic–Communal Model, this paper explores the relationship between power [...] Read more.

The importance of sustainable development has reached a consensus. Green consumption, as the final link of consumer behavior, can help green production activities make a real difference and achieve sustainable development. Based on the Agentic–Communal Model, this paper explores the relationship between power and green consumption through three experiments. The results showed that low-power (vs. high-power) consumers, who are more dependent on others, are likely to facilitate and encourage a communal orientation towards one’s environment. These consumers pay more attention to others and may have a preference for green consumption. Self-concern plays a mediating role in this mechanism. However, when individuals have a strong impression management motivation, the difference in their willingness toward green consumption will disappear. In other words, both lower-power and high-power consumers are more willing to purchase green products. This paper helps to deepen the understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying green consumption and also provides practical implications for firms’ green marketing strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Organizational Tolerance for Workplace Harassment: Development and Validation of the POT Scale

by Jose Perez-Larrazabal, Andrés Lopezdelallave and Gabiela Topa

Sustainability 2019, 11(15), 4078; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154078 - 28 Jul 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5200

Abstract

The current investigation defines the organizational tolerance (OT) construct and statistically assesses its measurement instrument, the perceived organizational tolerance for psychological workplace harassment (POT) scale, carried out to evaluate the level of tolerance, negligence, or even connivance that can be shown by an [...] Read more.

The current investigation defines the organizational tolerance (OT) construct and statistically assesses its measurement instrument, the perceived organizational tolerance for psychological workplace harassment (POT) scale, carried out to evaluate the level of tolerance, negligence, or even connivance that can be shown by an organization when it deals with an inappropriate act occurring within its scope. Tolerance of such acts has been identified as a hindrance when trying to establish an effective and sustainable strategy for the well-being of workers. A survey that measures the construct was distributed, and 195 employed workers answered. In the first stage of analysis, a scale reduction process was applied to the obtained data using a factor extraction method, and afterward, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using structural equation models. The results validated the scale as a model of five factors: Promotion, feedback, ethics, coherence, and training. These findings indicate that this scale is acceptable as a quantifier of a key issue, namely, the diligence of the organization when dealing with psychosocial risks at work. This new construct is anticipated to be incredibly useful for measuring as much research as possible on the behavior of organizations when they deal with negative acts, with the aim of promoting sustainable healthy working environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Stress on Life, Working, and Management Styles: How to Make an Organization Healthier?

by Ivana Katić, Tatjana Knežević, Nemanja Berber, Andrea Ivanišević and Marjan Leber

Sustainability 2019, 11(15), 4026; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154026 - 25 Jul 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7801

Abstract

This article provides guidelines for optimizing organizational management styles and achieving a balance between life and work. Contributing to sustainable human development will contribute to the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. The main purpose of the paper is to determine the relations [...] Read more.

This article provides guidelines for optimizing organizational management styles and achieving a balance between life and work. Contributing to sustainable human development will contribute to the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. The main purpose of the paper is to determine the relations between the preferences of management styles, working styles and lifestyles, and exposure to stress in the managerial population in order to achieve harmonization. A correlation study was conducted on a sample of 618 subjects using the Blanchard test of situational leadership, the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire for determining the stress levels, the modified Allport–Vernon–Lindsay Scale of Values, and Julie Hay’s Working Styles Questionnaire. The paper provides insight into the contribution of management styles to the balance of private and professional areas of life, as well as to stress reduction in managers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

10 pages, 786 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning Environments in Health and Medical Studies: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence

by Ana M. Tur-Porcar, Noemí Cuartero-Monteagudo and Julio Fernández-Garrido

Sustainability 2019, 11(15), 4011; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154011 - 24 Jul 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3101

Abstract

The conventional approach to sustainability is being extended through approaches such as the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Under such approaches, the analysis of sustainability also involves understanding improvements in people’s quality of life in environments such as education and learning. Based [...] Read more.

The conventional approach to sustainability is being extended through approaches such as the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Under such approaches, the analysis of sustainability also involves understanding improvements in people’s quality of life in environments such as education and learning. Based on this theoretical approach, this study explored the relationships between anxiety, emotional intelligence, and mechanisms for coping with stressful situations. The mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between anxiety and coping mechanisms was also assessed. The anxiety, emotional intelligence, and coping variables were measured using standardized tests administered to students. This cross-sectional study was based on self-reports by health students at universities in Valencia (Spain). The study conformed to the ethical standards established by the Declaration of Helsinki. In total, 434 students participated in the study. The students were aged between 17 and 54 years (M = 21; SD = 0.320). From the perspective of the psychology of sustainability, the results indicate that avoidance coping strategies are positively related to anxiety and are negatively related to emotional intelligence. However, the results also show that approach coping strategies are positively related to emotional intelligence. In addition, the analysis shows the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between anxiety and coping. This study shows the need to encourage the sustainable development of emotional intelligence among health professionals and to consider this sustainable development when designing education programs for health-related fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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26 pages, 4110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Response Scales as Measures of Indoor Environmental Perception in Combined Thermal and Acoustic Conditions

by Wonyoung Yang, Hyeun Jun Moon and Jin Yong Jeon

Sustainability 2019, 11(14), 3975; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143975 - 22 Jul 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4042

Abstract

Response scales are widely used to assess the personal experience of sensation and perception in built environments, and have a great impact on the quality of the responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of response scales on human [...] Read more.

Response scales are widely used to assess the personal experience of sensation and perception in built environments, and have a great impact on the quality of the responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of response scales on human sensation and perception in moderate indoor environments. Four different response scales were compared under three room temperatures (19.0 °C, 24.5 °C, and 30.0 °C) and five acoustic stimuli (ambient noise, 42 and 61 dBA × water sounds and traffic noise): a bipolar seven-point scale according to ISO 10551:1995, a unipolar 11-point scale according to ISO/TS 15666:2003, these two scales combined for each sensory comfort assessment, and a bipolar visual analogue scale. The degree of relative differentiation based on indoor physical factors made no significant difference across the four response scales. Therefore, the effects of physical factors on human response could be assessed by using any of the four scales tested in this study, with a statistical significance at p < 0.05 in moderate environments. The choice of response scale would depend not only on the type of physical stimulus but also on the question of sensation or perception. The reliability of each response scale was different according to the subjective attributes. The bipolar visual analogue scale was subjectively preferred by the respondents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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12 pages, 619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gratitude at Work Works! A Mix-Method Study on Different Dimensions of Gratitude, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance

by Michela Cortini, Daniela Converso, Teresa Galanti, Teresa Di Fiore, Alberto Di Domenico and Stefania Fantinelli

Sustainability 2019, 11(14), 3902; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143902 - 18 Jul 2019

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 12101

Abstract

Gratitude may be defined as a personal positive tendency to recognize and respond with gratitude to positive experiences. It has been extensively described within personal relationship literature, showing its correlations with life satisfaction and decreased psychopathology. We propose here to consider gratitude as [...] Read more.

Gratitude may be defined as a personal positive tendency to recognize and respond with gratitude to positive experiences. It has been extensively described within personal relationship literature, showing its correlations with life satisfaction and decreased psychopathology. We propose here to consider gratitude as both a personal and an organizational value able to improve job performance and job satisfaction. The specific aim is twofold: to explore how public administration workers are used to express and perceive gratitude in the workplace, and to validate a serial mediation model, in which dispositional, collective, and relational gratitude are predictors of job satisfaction and job performance. We have designed a mix-method study, with a survey and a diary study, choosing to collect data also on a daily basis because we were interested in gratitude exchanges in work contexts using the event-sampling data method. Nine employees from several Italian public administrations completed a gratitude diary for ten working days in the initial qualitative part of the study. Afterwards, a sample of 96 Italian public administration employees filled in a questionnaire with measures related to job satisfaction, job performance, and three dimensions of gratitude: dispositional, collective, and relational. Results confirm that the three types of gratitude are predictors of job performance and job satisfaction and this relation has been tested in a serial mediation model. This investigation on gratitude has practical implications for the planning of training interventions framed in the positive psychology context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 503 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Media Use and Environmental Public Service Satisfaction—An Empirical Analysis Based on China

by Shujia Hu, Runxi Zeng and Chengzhi Yi

Sustainability 2019, 11(14), 3873; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143873 - 16 Jul 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3498

Abstract

Previous research has produced conflicting findings on the relationship between media use and environmental public service satisfaction. Using survey data from the China General Social Survey 2015 (hereafter referred to as CGSS2015), this study examined the impact of media use on environmental public [...] Read more.

Previous research has produced conflicting findings on the relationship between media use and environmental public service satisfaction. Using survey data from the China General Social Survey 2015 (hereafter referred to as CGSS2015), this study examined the impact of media use on environmental public service satisfaction. The findings showed that traditional media use was positively associated and new media use was negatively associated with environmental public service satisfaction. Individuals who used new media as their primary source of information were less satisfied with environmental public services than individuals whose primary source of information was traditional media. This study confirmed that authoritative value propositions and government trust have a significant mediating effect between traditional media use and environmental public service satisfaction, and government trust has a significant mediating effect between individuals’ main information sources and their environmental public service satisfaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 1115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Basic Psychological Needs and Self-Determined Motivation as Drivers of Voluntary Simplistic Clothing Consumption Practices in South Africa

by Hanri Taljaard and Nadine Sonnenberg

Sustainability 2019, 11(13), 3742; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133742 - 9 Jul 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6230

Abstract

Consumers’ clothing consumption is the cause of many social and environmental consequences, especially in emerging economies where consumption continues to escalate. It is therefore vital that consumers adopt more voluntary simplistic lifestyles with sustainable clothing practices. This study relies on the self-determination theory [...] Read more.

Consumers’ clothing consumption is the cause of many social and environmental consequences, especially in emerging economies where consumption continues to escalate. It is therefore vital that consumers adopt more voluntary simplistic lifestyles with sustainable clothing practices. This study relies on the self-determination theory to explore the influence of basic psychological needs (i.e., competence, autonomy, and connectedness) and self-determined motivation (i.e., identified- and integrated regulation as well as intrinsic motivation) on female consumers’ voluntary simplistic clothing practices. Data were derived from 469 online questionnaires and structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses. Competence was identified as the most influential basic psychological need, followed by the need for connectedness and autonomy. Moreover, intrinsic motivation is the strongest predictor of voluntary simplistic clothing practices, while integrated regulation is deemed insignificant and identified regulation has a negative association with the practices in question. In summary, it would seem that female consumers are keen on adopting voluntary simplistic clothing behaviors. This may be due to their intrinsic motivation and competence rather than their exposure to extrinsic influences. This study provides valuable insight into the motivational determinants of voluntary simplistic clothing consumption in South Africa and may thus serve as a platform for further investigation into other emerging markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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11 pages, 888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intrapreneurial Self-Capital and Connectedness to Nature within Organizations

by Mirko Duradoni and Annamaria Di Fabio

Sustainability 2019, 11(13), 3699; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133699 - 5 Jul 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3288

Abstract

Research exists regarding personality traits in relation to connectedness with nature. However, it is not possible to increase personality through training. As an alternative, intrapreneurial self-capital (ISC) could be a promising core of resources for enhancing the sustainable development of behaviors and practices. [...] Read more.

Research exists regarding personality traits in relation to connectedness with nature. However, it is not possible to increase personality through training. As an alternative, intrapreneurial self-capital (ISC) could be a promising core of resources for enhancing the sustainable development of behaviors and practices. Using a sample of 198 workers, this study exploratively analyzed the relationship between the extraversion personality trait, ISC, and connectedness to nature. A mediation model was employed to assess the effects of extraversion on connectedness to nature (outcome variable) through ISC (conceived as an intervening mediator variable). The mediation analysis highlighted that ISC potentially promotes workers’ connectedness to nature within organizations. Thus, implementing dedicated interventions to increase ISC could encourage sustainable development by enhancing workers’ levels of connectedness to nature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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15 pages, 809 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Human Resource Management Nurtures Change-Oriented Employees: Relationship between High-Commitment Work Systems and Employees’ Taking Charge Behaviors

by Shao-Long Li, Fang Sun and Mingze Li

Sustainability 2019, 11(13), 3550; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133550 - 27 Jun 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5167

Abstract

In today’s business world, the environment is changing rapidly. Employers need to rely upon their employees in order to produce long-term competitive advantage and sustainable performance. However, little research has investigated whether sustainable human resource management could prompt change-oriented behaviors in employees. By [...] Read more.

In today’s business world, the environment is changing rapidly. Employers need to rely upon their employees in order to produce long-term competitive advantage and sustainable performance. However, little research has investigated whether sustainable human resource management could prompt change-oriented behaviors in employees. By integrating the job demands–resources (JD-R) model and the proactive motivation model with the existing literature on sustainable human resource management, we explored the relationship between high-commitment work systems (HCWS) and the employees’ taking charge behaviors. Data from 352 employees of 96 organizations provided support for the positive effect of HCWS on the employees’ taking charge behaviors. The results of this study showed that HCWS affect the employees’ taking charge behaviors through their work engagement only when they felt a high level of impact. Based on these results, we not only provide several theoretical contributions to the literature on HCWS and taking charge, but also provide some practical suggestions for how to nurture change-oriented employees using sustainable human resource management within the organizations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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11 pages, 251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Planned Happenstance Skills as Personal Resources for Students’ Psychological Wellbeing and Academic Adjustment

by Andrius Valickas, Agota Giedrė Raišienė and Violeta Rapuano

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3401; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123401 - 20 Jun 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 13183

Abstract

Transition from the academic setting to the turbulent labour market requires more personal resources than ever before. In order to successfully enter and perform in professional life one must be ready to respond adequately to conditions of uncertainty and complexity. The concept of [...] Read more.

Transition from the academic setting to the turbulent labour market requires more personal resources than ever before. In order to successfully enter and perform in professional life one must be ready to respond adequately to conditions of uncertainty and complexity. The concept of planned happenstance skills presents a set of competencies to deal effectively with unplanned events generated by chaotic environment. These career-related resources are extremely important for students pursuing successful adaption to professional environments and seeking to prepare for personal career management. The present article aims to analyze the role of planned happenstance skills when predicting psychological wellbeing and academic adjustment. Lithuania was chosen as a case study since there is a high percentage of people with higher education. The study was conducted using the quantitative method of questionnaire survey. Data of the survey were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. It was found that planned happenstance skills had a significant positive relationship with study variables and were a significant predictor of academic achievement and psychological wellbeing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

19 pages, 1156 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consumer Preferences of Sustainability Labeled Cut Roses in Germany

by Daniel Berki-Kiss and Klaus Menrad

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3358; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123358 - 17 Jun 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4505

Abstract

The study investigated preferences of consumers of food retailing outlets in Germany for sustainability labeled cut roses. A sample of 1201 respondents of an online survey was used to analyze their preferences based on a choice-based conjoint experiment in which a bunch of [...] Read more.

The study investigated preferences of consumers of food retailing outlets in Germany for sustainability labeled cut roses. A sample of 1201 respondents of an online survey was used to analyze their preferences based on a choice-based conjoint experiment in which a bunch of 10 roses was considered which differed concerning the labeling certificate, country of production of the plants, price, packaging, smell, and blossom size of the roses. Latent class analysis revealed existence of consumer heterogeneity with around two thirds of the respondents being strongly in favor of sustainability labels. Thereby Fairtrade labeled roses got an overall positive assessment whereby organic roses were only preferred by 31% of the respondents. In addition, paper or no packaging, strong smell and uniform big blossom sizes got overall positive consumer evaluations in the experiment. The study concludes that sustainability labeled plants might be an option for producers to append additional value to horticultural products in Germany. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 9546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison between Daytime and Nighttime Scenery Focusing on Restorative and Recovery Effect

by SangHyun Cheon, Soyoung Han, Mintai Kim and Yoonku Kwon

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3326; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123326 - 16 Jun 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4261

Abstract

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate psycho-physiological variations in human bodies by observing visual images of daytime and nighttime scenery to focus on restorative and recovery effects. Unlike previous studies that have focused on the natural versus built environments, this [...] Read more.

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate psycho-physiological variations in human bodies by observing visual images of daytime and nighttime scenery to focus on restorative and recovery effects. Unlike previous studies that have focused on the natural versus built environments, this study aims to compare restorative and recovery potentials between daytime and nighttime. The experiment was conducted by showing a total of 12 images to 60 participants in order to measure the brain response with an electroencephalogram (EEG). As measures of the psychological impact of the images, perceived restorative and recovery scales were used. The self-reported data indicates that daytime sceneries are rated more positively than nighttime sceneries in terms of restorative and recovery effects. According to the EEG results, restorative and recovery feelings have negative relationships with the relative theta band, while positive relationships are shown with the relative alpha band. The correlation analysis between EEG bands and brain regions showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with 46 pairs for the daytime scenery stimuli and 52 pairs for the nighttime scenery stimuli. Through the results of the study, we conclude that daytime and nighttime scenery affect restorative feelings and the human brain response through both verbal and non-verbal methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 1095 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gardeners’ Past Gardening Experience and Its Moderating Effect on Community Garden Participation

by Jae Ho Lee and David Matarrita-Cascante

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3308; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123308 - 15 Jun 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4845

Abstract

Studies on participation in community gardens have revealed that gardeners’ participation is driven by functional and emotional motives. Most studies, however, have failed to recognize gardeners’ diverse characteristics. To fill this research gap, this study examined the moderating effect that variations within gardeners [...] Read more.

Studies on participation in community gardens have revealed that gardeners’ participation is driven by functional and emotional motives. Most studies, however, have failed to recognize gardeners’ diverse characteristics. To fill this research gap, this study examined the moderating effect that variations within gardeners has on their participation, particularly as in the case of past gardening experience. The data for this study were obtained through a survey administered in three plot-based community gardens in Austin, Texas. Results revealed that increased gardening experience bolsters the effect of emotional motivations on garden participation, while no effect was shown in the relationship between functional motivations and participation. The importance of gardeners’ past gardening experience on emotional motivations is discussed as it relates to sustained participation in gardening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 696 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Measure of Nature Connectedness for Children and Adults: Validation, Performance, and Insights

by Miles Richardson, Anne Hunt, Joe Hinds, Rachel Bragg, Dean Fido, Dominic Petronzi, Lea Barbett, Theodore Clitherow and Matthew White

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3250; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123250 - 12 Jun 2019

Cited by 113 | Viewed by 33181

Abstract

With benefits to both human well-being and pro-nature conservation behaviors, nature connectedness is emerging as an important psychological construct for a sustainable future. The growing research and applied and policy-related interests require a straightforward measure of nature connectedness that is suitable for both [...] Read more.

With benefits to both human well-being and pro-nature conservation behaviors, nature connectedness is emerging as an important psychological construct for a sustainable future. The growing research and applied and policy-related interests require a straightforward measure of nature connectedness that is suitable for both children and adult populations. To establish the reliability of the new Nature Connection Index (NCI) three factor analyses were conducted. One was based on a large Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment (MENE) dataset for adults (n = 3568) with a replication from data sets collected online (n = 553), and a third used MENE data from children (n = 351). To validate the NCI as a measure for nature connectedness an online comparison study (n = 153) included the NCI alongside other established measures. The results showed that the NCI was a reliable and valid scale that offers a short, simple alternative to other measures of nature connectedness, particularly for populations including both children and adults, measured face to face or online. The utility of the NCI is also supported, with variations associated with various pro-environmental and pro-conservation behaviors observed, and importantly the NCI also revealed changes in nature connectedness across the lifespan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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22 pages, 403 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Perceived Socially Responsible Human Resource Management on Task Performance and Social Performance

by Danping Shao, Erhua Zhou and Peiran Gao

Sustainability 2019, 11(11), 3195; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113195 - 7 Jun 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5124

Abstract

While previous research has already revealed the positive influence of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on organizations, little is known about whether employees’ perceived SRHRM can lead to a win–win situation between organization and society. We address this void by examining whether [...] Read more.

While previous research has already revealed the positive influence of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on organizations, little is known about whether employees’ perceived SRHRM can lead to a win–win situation between organization and society. We address this void by examining whether employees’ perceived SRHRM can contribute to organizational performance (operationalized as task performance and organizational citizenship behavior, OCB), and social performance (operationalized as volunteering). Using a sample of 314 employee–supervisor dyads from three large manufacturing enterprises in Southeast China, we found that perceived SRHRM could increase employees’ OCB and volunteering, but not task performance, through both cognitive (i.e., prosocial identity) and affective (i.e., affective empathy) paths. Furthermore, perceived SRHRM was more positively related to prosocial identity and affective empathy when distributive justice was high. We finally discuss the implications of our findings for both theory and practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Managerial Mindfulness on Innovation: Evidence from China

by Yuanyuan Hu, Xiaoping Zhao and Yang Chen

Sustainability 2019, 11(10), 2914; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102914 - 22 May 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4190

Abstract

This study attempts to investigate the influence of managerial mindfulness on firm innovation. Managerial mindfulness is defined as a collective psychological state shared by top management team (TMT) members and represents their collective attention to present-moment events and experiences. Drawing from two psychological [...] Read more.

This study attempts to investigate the influence of managerial mindfulness on firm innovation. Managerial mindfulness is defined as a collective psychological state shared by top management team (TMT) members and represents their collective attention to present-moment events and experiences. Drawing from two psychological mechanisms of mindfulness, we argue that managerial mindfulness can positively affect R&D intensity—a proxy for firm innovation. The first psychological mechanism is that mindfulness facilitates self-regulation. By facilitating self-regulation, managerial mindfulness enables TMT members to behave less opportunistically and act in a less self-serving manner. Therefore, TMT members are concerned about the shareholders’ interests in long-term value creation and hence are willing to take more risk such as investing more in R&D. The second psychological mechanism is that mindfulness facilitates goal-pursuit, especially for intrinsic goals. Mindful TMT members are autonomously motivated to pursue goals that are more satisfying, persist for longer durations, and show greater success than goals that are extrinsically motivated; mindful TMT members are likely to view R&D as an intrinsic goal to pursue. In addition to the main effect, this study also examines several moderators and suggests that the positive relationship between managerial mindfulness and R&D intensity is moderated by firm age, slack resources, and past financial performance. Specifically, this relationship becomes weaker when a firm grows older and the firm has better past financial performance, while it is stronger when a firm has greater slack resources. To empirically test our hypotheses, we rely on a sample of Chinese listed companies and collect data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR). Feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression is adopted due to the presence of significant autocorrelations and heteroskedasticity. The empirical analyses provide full support for our hypotheses. Therefore, this study contributes to literature of mindfulness, as well as studies on TMT’s influence on firm strategy and decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mathematical Competence Scale (MCS) for Primary School: The Psychometric Properties and the Validation of an Instrument to Enhance the Sustainability of Talents Development through the Numeracy Skills Assessment

by Diego Bellini, Alberto Crescentini, Giovanna Zanolla, Serena Cubico, Giuseppe Favretto, Lorenzo Faccincani, Piermatteo Ardolino and Giovanna Gianesini

Sustainability 2019, 11(9), 2569; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092569 - 3 May 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6018

Abstract

The adequate development of the numeracy skills is a target of the fourth of the Sustainable Development Goals and is considered the basis for a financial literacy: both are competences needed for successful social and professional inclusion. Building on these goals, we carried [...] Read more.

The adequate development of the numeracy skills is a target of the fourth of the Sustainable Development Goals and is considered the basis for a financial literacy: both are competences needed for successful social and professional inclusion. Building on these goals, we carried out a unidimensional Mathematical Competence Scale (MCS) for primary school. The aim of this study was to present the psychometric properties and the validation process of MCS, designed basing on Item Response Theory. The final version of the scale, which measures different domains of mathematical knowledge (Data Analysis and Relationships, Geometry, Dimensions and Measurements, Numbers and Calculations), was validated on the entire population of 2935 fourth graders in Ticino Canton, Switzerland. The results reveal the high level of correlation between the six mathematical dimensions and confirm the assumption of a latent “mathematical construct”. However, even the multidimensional model could be considered a good model because it fitted the data significantly better than the one-dimensional model. In particular, the differences of the deviance between the two models are significant (χ² (20) = 642.66, p < 0.001). Moreover, findings show a significant gender effect and a positive correlation between students’ actual school performance during the same academic year and MCS scores. MCS allows a reading of the learning and teaching process in the perspective of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development and helps a teacher to sustain student talent through the development of numeracy skills; in fact, the scale is intended both as an assessment tool and an innovative approach for shaping the development of curriculum, and therefore has potential to serve as a bridge between empirical research, classroom practice and a positive (school and professional) career development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 1328 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Unbearable Lightness of the Academic Work: The Positive and Negative Sides of Heavy Work Investment in a Sample of Italian University Professors and Researchers

by Daniela Converso, Ilaria Sottimano, Giorgia Molinengo and Barbara Loera

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2439; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082439 - 24 Apr 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5304

Abstract

Universities perform very demanding tasks within a workplace characterized by a critical psychosocial environment. Against this backdrop, the aim of this study is to extend the current literature on the job sustainability of faculty professors, examine the associations of certain job resources (meaningfulness [...] Read more.

Universities perform very demanding tasks within a workplace characterized by a critical psychosocial environment. Against this backdrop, the aim of this study is to extend the current literature on the job sustainability of faculty professors, examine the associations of certain job resources (meaningfulness of work, reward) and job demands (work overload, conflict among colleagues) with workaholism, burnout, engagement. A self-report questionnaire was administered within a public higher education institution in Italy to a sample constituted by 291 professors. The results of path analysis show that meaningfulness of work and reward positively correlate with work engagement, work satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing and ward off emotional exhaustion and intention to leave. Work overload correlates positively with workaholism, work-family conflict and intention to leave and negatively with job satisfaction. Finally, workaholism correlates with work engagement and mediates the relationship between work overload and work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and psychological discomfort. The study highlights that to support the work of academic workers and build healthy and sustainable universities, it is necessary to promote job resources and control job demands. Moreover, the study highlights that work engagement and workaholism can be respectively considered as the positive and negative sides of heavy work investment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining Millennials’ Global Citizenship Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions to Engage in Environmental Volunteering

by Kyle M. Woosnam, Marianna Strzelecka, Gwendelyn S. Nisbett and Samuel J. Keith

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2324; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082324 - 18 Apr 2019

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6108

Abstract

Volunteering for nature conservation has become an important resource in solving local environmental problems of global importance. The study at hand assessed how well millennials’ global citizenship attitudes explain their behavioral intentions to engage in volunteer projects, as well as how prior experience [...] Read more.

Volunteering for nature conservation has become an important resource in solving local environmental problems of global importance. The study at hand assessed how well millennials’ global citizenship attitudes explain their behavioral intentions to engage in volunteer projects, as well as how prior experience of volunteering in environmental projects affects millennials’ global citizenship attitudes. Those who reported past participation in this type of volunteer experience were generally more inclined to partake in future environmental volunteering than those without prior experience. Likewise, for those with prior experience, global citizen factors played a greater role in intentions to experience environmental volunteering. This study makes valuable contributions to the literature surrounding nature conservation, as it illustrates that millennials’ global citizenship attitudes predict participation in environmental volunteering. This work concludes with insights concerning what programs (that provide millennials with opportunities to fulfill environmental duties associated with their global environmental citizenship) can do to provide a more valuable experience for young volunteers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

16 pages, 745 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Ability-Based Emotional Intelligence, Cognitive Intelligence, and Job Performance

by Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Phong Tuan Nham and Yoshi Takahashi

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082299 - 17 Apr 2019

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 11486

Abstract

Based on previous findings, which found that the three facets of ability-based emotional intelligence (EI) have varying effects on job performance, this study investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence (CI), and job performance. The use of a cascade model suggests a [...] Read more.

Based on previous findings, which found that the three facets of ability-based emotional intelligence (EI) have varying effects on job performance, this study investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence (CI), and job performance. The use of a cascade model suggests a progressive pattern, starting from emotion perception, followed by emotional understanding and emotion regulation, with downstream effects on job performance. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of both measurements, we employed the performance-based ability measurement, the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the self-reporting ability EI measurement, Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). Our findings supported the cascade model, but in the case of WLEIS measures, both self-emotion appraisal and others’ emotion appraisal precede emotion regulation, leading to a positive effect on job performance. Moreover, CI moderated the relationship between EI and job performance, such that a decline in CI rendered the relationship more positive. The MSCEIT and WLEIS showed similar results, thus supporting the cascading model and moderating effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Double-Edged Effects of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management on Employee Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating by Role Ambiguity and Moderating by Prosocial Motivation

by Danping Shao, Erhua Zhou, Peiran Gao, Lirong Long and Jie Xiong

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2271; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082271 - 16 Apr 2019

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 8284

Abstract

Previous literature has explored the positive effects of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on employees, leaving potential dark sides largely ignored. By integrating situational-strength theory and motivation literature, this study investigates the double-edged effects of SRHRM on employee performance. Based on a [...] Read more.

Previous literature has explored the positive effects of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on employees, leaving potential dark sides largely ignored. By integrating situational-strength theory and motivation literature, this study investigates the double-edged effects of SRHRM on employee performance. Based on a sample of 314 employee–supervisor dyads from three companies, we found that SRHRM could increase employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) while decreasing their task performance through role-ambiguity mediation. Interestingly, prosocial motivation serves as a significant moderator in strengthening the positive relationship between SRHRM and OCB and the negative association between SRHRM and task performance. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of how managers should conduct SRHRM practices among employees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Psychological Theoretical Assumptions to New Research Perspectives in Sustainability and Sustainable Development: Motivation in the Workplace

by Aleksandra Tokarz and Diana Malinowska

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2222; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082222 - 12 Apr 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 10920

Abstract

This article proposes a framework that indicates opportunities for integrating psychology into research on sustainability and sustainable development. The central issue proposed is motivation in the workplace with a strong focus on employee health and optimal functioning. The main methodological issues are formulated [...] Read more.

This article proposes a framework that indicates opportunities for integrating psychology into research on sustainability and sustainable development. The central issue proposed is motivation in the workplace with a strong focus on employee health and optimal functioning. The main methodological issues are formulated in four assumptions: (1) Health from the perspective of health per se; (2) an individual seen as an agent; (3) an agent in the situation and context; (4) the life-span development perspective. The article refers in the narrative review to the most influential conceptualizations and research. This proposition shows a way forward and offers new opportunities to formulate challenging and important research questions in the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

20 pages, 1861 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Cognitive Variables and Emotional Variables on Urban Residents’ Recycled Water Reuse Behavior

by Yi Gao, Zhiguo Li and Kashif Khan

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2208; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082208 - 12 Apr 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4996

Abstract

Urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse is the foundation for the realization of recycled water reuse behavior. However, even though the perception factor is equipped, it does not mean that urban residents will use recycled water continuously for sure. Therefore, in this [...] Read more.

Urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse is the foundation for the realization of recycled water reuse behavior. However, even though the perception factor is equipped, it does not mean that urban residents will use recycled water continuously for sure. Therefore, in this research, the authors try to put cognitive factors and emotional factors into a unified behavioral process. Based on this theory framework, the paper will interpret the initiation, formation and continuing process of recycled water reuse behavior of urban residents. On the basis of previous studies, this study established a theoretical model to study the influence of cognitive factors and emotional factors on recycled water reuse behavior of the residents. Based on the data of 325 samples, the direct and indirect relationship between the variables in the model is verified through path analysis and mediation analysis. The empirical results show that: firstly, the urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse can activate their emotion for recycled water, and the emotion includes both positive emotion and negative emotion; secondly, although the recognition of recycled water can stimulate both positive and negative emotional factors, there are great differences between positive and negative emotions on the initiation, formation and sustainability of recycled water behavior. Negative emotion has a certain effect on the initiation of recycled water reuse behavior, but it has no significant effect on the formation and sustainability of recycled water reuse behavior. By contrast, positive emotion has no significant effect on the initiation of recycled water reuse behavior, but it has a significant effect on the formation and sustainability of recycled water reuse behavior. That is to say, at different stages, the recycled water reuse behaviors are affected differently by positive emotions and negative emotions. Thirdly, compared with negative emotional variables, positive emotions have a greater impact on individual recycled water reuse behavior. Positive emotional variables can significantly mediate the impact of cognitive variables on recycled water reuse behavior habits. In other words, positive emotions play a vital role in the sustainability of recycled water reuse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 1051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Esteem among Korean Adolescent Boys and Girls

by Sukkyung You and Kyulee Shin

Sustainability 2019, 11(7), 2051; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072051 - 6 Apr 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6346

Abstract

Establishing a positive body image is a critical factor for adolescents’ physical and mental health as it leads to sustainable individual growth and development throughout their lives. Therefore, possible personality traits need to be examined for their capability as protective factors for a [...] Read more.

Establishing a positive body image is a critical factor for adolescents’ physical and mental health as it leads to sustainable individual growth and development throughout their lives. Therefore, possible personality traits need to be examined for their capability as protective factors for a healthy body image. The current study examined how one internal personality trait (self-concept clarity) and three external factors (tripartite influence from media, parents, and peers) are associated with adolescents’ internalization of the thin-body ideal and body esteem in a sample of Korean adolescents (N = 1127). Self-concept clarity was identified as a powerful factor that is positively related with body esteem. The results showed that greater self-concept clarity, lower tripartite influences and thin body internalization were related to greater body esteem. Gender differences were found in the relationships between body esteem and the predictor variables. The implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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24 pages, 2032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing the Determinants of Individual Action on Climate Change by Specifying the Roles of Six Values in South Korea

by Seol-A Kwon, Seoyong Kim and Jae Eun Lee

Sustainability 2019, 11(7), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071834 - 27 Mar 2019

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6376

Abstract

The serious problems stemming from climate change require an active response it. This study focuses on the role of value factors in action on climate change. Individuals’ values systematically influence the fundamental orientation of their attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, this study analyzes whether [...] Read more.

The serious problems stemming from climate change require an active response it. This study focuses on the role of value factors in action on climate change. Individuals’ values systematically influence the fundamental orientation of their attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, this study analyzes whether six values, namely: ideology, environmental justice, religiosity, personal norms, scientific optimism, and environmentalism, influence action on climate change directly or indirectly, and compares their effects with perception factors’ impact. The results indicate that religiosity decreased action on climate change, whereas personal norms, science and technology (S&T) optimism, and environmentalism increased such action. Among the perception factors, perceived risks and benefits, trust, and knowledge increased action on climate change. Furthermore, perception factors explained action on climate change more than value factors did. Moreover, value factors (i.e., S&T optimism and environmentalism) moderated the impacts of perceived risks, perceived benefits, and negative emotions on action against climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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10 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accounting for Individual Differences in Connectedness to Nature: Personality and Gender Differences

by Annamaria Di Fabio and Marc A. Rosen

Sustainability 2019, 11(6), 1693; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061693 - 21 Mar 2019

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6552

Abstract

In the psychology of sustainability and the sustainable development framework, regarding the specific focus on the natural environment, the construct of connectedness to nature is studied in depth for its potential for environmental management. The present research focuses on individual differences, examining the [...] Read more.

In the psychology of sustainability and the sustainable development framework, regarding the specific focus on the natural environment, the construct of connectedness to nature is studied in depth for its potential for environmental management. The present research focuses on individual differences, examining the relationships between connectedness to nature and the Big Five personality traits in 459 Italian university students. This work analyzes whether gender differences emerge with respect to connectedness to nature, answering a more exploratory research question, since previous studies have not considered this aspect. The results show that agreeableness and extraversion are positively associated with connectedness to nature in Italian university students. No gender differences emerged with respect to connectedness to nature. Also, the relationship between connectedness to nature and personality traits was mainly found to be gender invariant. Future perspectives for research and intervention are offered in the psychology of sustainability and the sustainable development framework. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

13 pages, 410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Translating Sustainability into Action: A Management Challenge in FabLabs

by Laura Galuppo, Anu Kajamaa, Silvia Ivaldi and Giuseppe Scaratti

Sustainability 2019, 11(6), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061676 - 20 Mar 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4073

Abstract

In recent years, the number of new organizations aiming to accomplish principles of sustainability has rapidly grown, leading analysts and scholars to announce almost a new industrial revolution. An example of this is the proliferation of the so-called fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) that nowadays [...] Read more.

In recent years, the number of new organizations aiming to accomplish principles of sustainability has rapidly grown, leading analysts and scholars to announce almost a new industrial revolution. An example of this is the proliferation of the so-called fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) that nowadays are perceived as being forerunners in innovative and sustainable high-tech production through peer-to-peer collaborative practices and sharing. However, the challenges managers face in translating these promotional aims into organizational action is vastly understudied. To address this research gap, we have studied the management of two FabLabs, in Italy and Finland. In this study, we draw from a psycho-sociological framework applying cultural-historical activity theory, and especially from the concepts of activity system and contradiction. According to this perspective, a sustainable organization is based on promotion, enrichment, regeneration, and flexible change efforts, and it is related to the managerial and ability to bring internal and external stakeholders together to recognize and solve tensions and contradictions collectively. Through our case studies, we have provided new research knowledge on how managers make an effort to translate sustainability into action in the complex context of FabLabs, involving multiple, often competing stakeholders and activity systems. Our analysis reveals multiple tensions in the collective activity, stemming from system level contradictions, which represent a challenge for the daily work of the FabLab managers. In the paper we also suggest how an engaged management orientation towards sustainably can be promoted, and we discuss future research topics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employability of Disabled Graduates: Resources for a Sustainable Employment

by Maria Elena Magrin, Emanuela Marini and Matilde Nicolotti

Sustainability 2019, 11(6), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061542 - 14 Mar 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6937

Abstract

In the frame of the psychology of sustainability, this research aims at exploring how the related concepts of risk factors, protective factors, and resilience might inform our understanding of the postgraduate outcomes of disabled youth. The number of disabled students is growing steadily, [...] Read more.

In the frame of the psychology of sustainability, this research aims at exploring how the related concepts of risk factors, protective factors, and resilience might inform our understanding of the postgraduate outcomes of disabled youth. The number of disabled students is growing steadily, nevertheless, relatively little is known about the employment experiences and skill development of disabled youth. Following the positive primary preventive approach, this explorative research investigates the role of resilience and employability resources both in preventing perceived negative impact of disability on the employment opportunities and promoting the perception of employability. Fifty disabled students responded to an online questionnaire and their responses were compared to those of a nondisabled sample (N = 190). Motivations and meanings associated with entry into the workplace are equivalent in the two groups, but perceived impact of disability is a risk factor that hinders perceived employability. Resilience resources and soft skills show their effectiveness in reducing perceived disability impact and improving perceived employability, but between group comparison shows differences in the set of available resources. Overall, results provide insights for implementing actions to promote sustainable employment in order to foster a positive, sustainable organizational development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 4750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Internal and External Influential Factors on Waste Disposal Behavior in Public Open Spaces in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

by Pagnarith Srun and Kiyo Kurisu

Sustainability 2019, 11(6), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061518 - 13 Mar 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6978

Abstract

Over the last decade, municipal solid waste generation in Phnom Penh has increased noticeably; however, the waste management system is far from satisfactory. Considerable amount of waste is left uncollected, as well as intentionally disposed of in public open spaces. External and internal [...] Read more.

Over the last decade, municipal solid waste generation in Phnom Penh has increased noticeably; however, the waste management system is far from satisfactory. Considerable amount of waste is left uncollected, as well as intentionally disposed of in public open spaces. External and internal factors can trigger these problems. Possible external factors are low collection frequency, low cleaning services, and insufficient facilities such as small dumpsters. Possible internal factors, which also play an important role in this issue, include low awareness, insufficient knowledge, and low responsibility for personal waste. To examine the influences of these internal and external factors on people’s waste disposal behaviors, we selected and conducted a questionnaire survey at four sites in Phnom Penh that differ in waste collection frequency and population density. A total of 413 valid responses were obtained. We developed a structural equation model to explain people’s intentions not to dispose of waste in public open spaces. The results showed that personal and social norms, such as perception of social pressure from friends and family and from the government, had significant influences on intention, whereas the influence of external factors was much smaller. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 1293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

People Make the Difference: An Explorative Study on the Relationship between Organizational Practices, Employees’ Resources, and Organizational Behavior Enhancing the Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development

by Amelia Manuti and Maria Luisa Giancaspro

Sustainability 2019, 11(5), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051499 - 12 Mar 2019

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 11810

Abstract

The most recent developments in the field of sustainability science and the emergence of a psychology of sustainability and sustainable development have contributed to collect evidences about the fact that modern organizations need healthy and motivated employees to survive and to prosper within [...] Read more.

The most recent developments in the field of sustainability science and the emergence of a psychology of sustainability and sustainable development have contributed to collect evidences about the fact that modern organizations need healthy and motivated employees to survive and to prosper within this fast-moving scenario. In this vein, a confirmation to these evidences came from the abundant research on HEalthy and Resilient Organizations (HERO), showing that when organizations make systematic, planned, and proactive efforts to improve employees’ subjective resources then organizational processes and outcomes benefit in turn. Moving forward from these premises, the present study aimed to explore these assumptions within the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), investigating the relationships among the organizational practices, employees’ subjective resources, and organizational behaviors. Two hundred and thirty-six participants working in SMEs located in the south of Italy took part. They were invited to fill in a questionnaire investigating their perception of organizational resources and practices (autonomy, leadership, communication, organizational mindfulness, and commitment to resilience), of their individual resources (work engagement and psychological capital), and finally, of some organizational outcomes (extra-role behavior). Results showed that psychological capital was a significant mediator of the relationship between employees’ perception of the organizational resources and practices and extra-role behaviors. Concrete implications of these conclusions in terms of human resource management (HRM) are discussed together with limitations of the study and future developments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Interplay between Job Control, SOC Strategies, and Age in Sustaining Work Ability in a Sample of Administrative Employees

by Ilaria Sottimano, Gloria Guidetti, Sara Viotti and Daniela Converso

Sustainability 2019, 11(5), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051463 - 9 Mar 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3687

Abstract

In recent years, the average age of workers has risen. Because of that, work ability is reducing in many sectors, especially in a public context. Given the above, it is necessary to investigate the individual and organisational resources that can play a role [...] Read more.

In recent years, the average age of workers has risen. Because of that, work ability is reducing in many sectors, especially in a public context. Given the above, it is necessary to investigate the individual and organisational resources that can play a role in the protection of work ability. This study investigates the work ability of administrative workers, examines selection, optimisation, and compensation (SOC) as a form of mediation between job control and work ability, and explores the relationship of job control, age, work ability, and SOC strategies via moderated mediation models. The findings indicate that job control, SOC strategies, and age correlate to work ability, but the effect of these factors is different. Job control and SOC strategies are positively related to work ability, and job control positively relates to the use of optimisation and compensation. However, only optimisation and compensation strategies mediate the association between job control and work ability. Finally, age moderates the effect of job control on work ability. The findings suggest that interventions, such as SOC training, promotion, and job control, may help to sustain work ability among elderly administrative workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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21 pages, 3735 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Determines the Psychological Well-Being during Commute in Xi’an: The Role of Built Environment, Travel Attitude, and Travel Characteristics

by Dong Wei, Xiaoshu Cao and Miaomiao Wang

Sustainability 2019, 11(5), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051328 - 4 Mar 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4117

Abstract

The commute well-being (CWB) has been associated with the mental health and depends on the positive or negative emotions that occur during the daily commute. This paper analyzes the influencing factors and discusses the structural relationship between CWB and influencing factors, based on [...] Read more.

The commute well-being (CWB) has been associated with the mental health and depends on the positive or negative emotions that occur during the daily commute. This paper analyzes the influencing factors and discusses the structural relationship between CWB and influencing factors, based on our evaluation of the results for daily CWB between different travel modes. We based our analyses on a CWB survey conducted in the central city proper of Xi’an. In contrast to previous studies, this paper investigates two commuting phases, in the morning and evening, to better analyze daily CWB. To conduct a more comprehensive analysis, in addition to considering multi-stage combined travel, the subjective and objective aspects of factors influencing CWB were deepened and expanded. The measurement was based on the Satisfaction with Travel Scale, which was developed based on a method for measuring subjective well-being. The average CWB level of each model was compared by analyzing the variances. The influencing factors were determined by stepwise regression, and the influence mechanism was analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). The results indicate that CWB in Xi’an was highest for walking, which was followed, in order, by motorcycle, electric bicycle, staff shuttle bus, bicycle, metro, car, taxi, and bus. The result reflects that commuting by bus is associated with more negative emotions in Xi’an. The results of SEM indicate that the built environment does not directly affect CWB, but it will act on CWB by affecting other factors. The travel attitude, commute mode choice, and other travel characteristics affect each other and affect CWB directly and indirectly. Other travel characteristics has the largest total effect on CWB, and the travel attitudes have the largest direct effect. Without considering the travel attitude, reducing traffic congestion, commuting time, and transfer times can significantly improve CWB and reduce negative emotions in the future in Xi’an. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Burnout Precursors in Oncology Nurses: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study with a Systemic Organizational Analysis

by Loris Bonetti, Angela Tolotti, Dario Valcarenghi, Carla Pedrazzani, Serena Barello, Greta Ghizzardi, Guendalina Graffigna, Davide Sari and Monica Bianchi

Sustainability 2019, 11(5), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051246 - 26 Feb 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6314

Abstract

Burnout negatively affects nurses’ health and performance. Healthcare managers have an ethical duty to create healthy organizations that reduce burnout, especially within critical settings such as oncology. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to measure the presence of nurses’ burnout to [...] Read more.

Burnout negatively affects nurses’ health and performance. Healthcare managers have an ethical duty to create healthy organizations that reduce burnout, especially within critical settings such as oncology. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to measure the presence of nurses’ burnout to formulate organizational strategies to prevent the syndrome onset, and (2) to evaluate the effect of recent organizational changes on the burnout phenomenon. A descriptive, cross-sectional design supported by a systemic organizational analysis was conducted in a Swiss Oncology Institute in 2013. Of 103 nurses working in the Institute, 52 (51.4%) completed the Burnout Potential Inventory (BPI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Burnout risk levels were low to moderate. Only 2 nurses out of the 52 showed moderate burnout risk levels. Inpatient nurses showed a higher risk of burnout than outpatient nurses, particularly due to ambiguity and feelings of powerlessness. Nurses with post-basic education showed a higher risk when considering poor teamwork values and ambiguity in the workplace. Poor middle-management was found to negatively influence worker wellbeing. The working environment set by management resulted in low burnout risk levels. Managers must carefully select middle-management because inappropriate leadership might promote the onset of burnout. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

14 pages, 232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Contributions of Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence to Intrapreneurial Self-Capital: Key Resources for Sustainability and Sustainable Development

by Annamaria Di Fabio and Donald H. Saklofske

Sustainability 2019, 11(5), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051240 - 26 Feb 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4968

Abstract

In the innovative research area of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) constitutes a promising core of resources to face the challenges of the 21st century. This article presents two studies supporting the contribution of trait emotional intelligence to [...] Read more.

In the innovative research area of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) constitutes a promising core of resources to face the challenges of the 21st century. This article presents two studies supporting the contribution of trait emotional intelligence to ISC beyond that explained by the three most quoted personality trait models. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF), Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), Mini International Personality Item Pool Scale (Mini-IPIP), HEXACO-60, and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form (EPQ-RS) were administered to 210 first and second year university students (Study 1) and 206 university students in the last three years of undergraduate university studies (Study 2). Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that Emotional Intelligence (EI) explained additional variance in ISC beyond that accounted for each of the three personality trait models for both samples. These results should encourage future research within a positive primary prevention perspective in the framework of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

19 pages, 326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decent Work as a Necessary Condition for Sustainable Well-Being. A Tale of Pi(i)gs and Farmers

by Antonio Ariza-Montes, Gabriele Giorgi, Felipe Hernández-Perlines and Javier Fiz-Perez

Sustainability 2019, 11(4), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041051 - 18 Feb 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4840

Abstract

This article analyzes with a holistic and systematic approach the state of working conditions in the European labor market after the crisis, as well as their effects on worker well-being. For this, a distinction will be made between the southern countries most affected, [...] Read more.

This article analyzes with a holistic and systematic approach the state of working conditions in the European labor market after the crisis, as well as their effects on worker well-being. For this, a distinction will be made between the southern countries most affected, namely Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain (Piigs), and the northern countries that are, a priori, less damaged by the crisis (Farmers). The samples integrate 7867 workers from the five Piigs countries (36.2%) and 13,894 from the 10 Farmers countries (63.8%). The results have broadly confirmed the research purposes and they established that ensuring well-being is the key to sustainability, growth, and success for workers, groups, and organizations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

12 pages, 423 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Are More Intelligent People Happier? Emotional Intelligence as Mediator between Need for Relatedness, Happiness and Flourishing

by Antonino Callea, Dalila De Rosa, Giovanni Ferri, Francesca Lipari and Marco Costanzi

Sustainability 2019, 11(4), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041022 - 16 Feb 2019

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 8577

Abstract

The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development aims to study the personal characteristics that promote effective and sustainable well-being for individuals and environments from a psychological research perspective. According to the self-determination theory, the psychological need for relatedness is positively associated with happiness [...] Read more.

The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development aims to study the personal characteristics that promote effective and sustainable well-being for individuals and environments from a psychological research perspective. According to the self-determination theory, the psychological need for relatedness is positively associated with happiness and flourishing. In turn, emotional intelligence, i.e., understanding and managing one’s own emotions and recognizing others’ emotions, may play a key role in this association. Therefore, the present study investigates the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between need for relatedness and both happiness and flourishing. Basic Psychological Needs scales (BPNs), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Flourishing Scale, and Happiness Scale were administered to 216 Italian participants (age range 15–66 years old). A mediation model via a structural equation model for path analysis was tested. The results showed that the psychological need for relatedness positively associated with both happiness and flourishing and that emotional intelligence mediated these associations. These results suggest that important interventions may be performed to promote flourishing and happiness, enhancing emotional intelligence through specific training differently from need for relatedness that, instead, can be considered substantially stable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Why We Should Empty Pandora’s Box to Create a Sustainable Future: Hope, Sustainability and Its Implications for Education

by Julius Grund and Antje Brock

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030893 - 9 Feb 2019

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 11730

Abstract

(1) Hope and optimism are strongly connected to physical and psychological health and have been much researched in the field of positive psychology. Research has shown that hope is connected to pro-environmental behavior and plays an important role in ESD. (2) In order [...] Read more.

(1) Hope and optimism are strongly connected to physical and psychological health and have been much researched in the field of positive psychology. Research has shown that hope is connected to pro-environmental behavior and plays an important role in ESD. (2) In order to operationalize hope and optimism, in a survey, 2564 young people and 525 teachers in Germany assessed the probability and desirability of predefined future scenarios. (3) Only every fourth respondent is optimistic regarding the global future. The biggest discrepancy between expectation and desirability exists with regard to climate change. Latent class analysis revealed four classes, whereby 50% of the participants are “sustainability-affine but disillusioned”. This half of the sample has great potential to promote a sustainable future: For them, a positive socio-ecological future has by far the highest value. They report the strongest emotions regarding SD and want to take the most responsibility for SD. Surprisingly, they do not disclose more sustainable behavior in comparison to the other classes. (4) The low expectation of positive socio-ecological developments might be a central factor in preventing half of the sample from behaving more sustainable and indicating a strong potential for hope. The implications for Education for Sustainable Development are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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9 pages, 429 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale in Malaysian University Students

by Chua Bee Seok, Harris Shah Abd Hamid and Rosnah Ismail

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030881 - 8 Feb 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3812

Abstract

The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS) is a 28-item measure intended to measure individual resources used to manage career and life challenges. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) is a higher order construct composed of seven specific constructs: core self-evaluation, hardiness, resilience, creative self-efficacy, decisiveness, goal [...] Read more.

The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS) is a 28-item measure intended to measure individual resources used to manage career and life challenges. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) is a higher order construct composed of seven specific constructs: core self-evaluation, hardiness, resilience, creative self-efficacy, decisiveness, goal mastery, and vigilance. In the new research area of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, ISC constitutes a promising core of resources to face the challenges of the 21st century. The aim of the current study was to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and concurrent validity) of a Malaysian version of ISCS among university students. The self-report questionnaire was administered to 1491 university students in Sabah, Malaysia. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the latent structure of the Malaysian ISCS. The final indices of Goodness of Fit showed satisfactory fit to the data. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Malaysian ISCS is 0.81. The Malaysian ISCS correlates with Career Adaptability r = 0.31 (p < 0.01) and with Life Project Reflexivity r = 0.44 (p < 0.01), thus showing an adequate concurrent validity evidence. The Malaysian ISCS provides a promising research area in psychology (both positive and sustainability). Malaysian parents, teachers and counselors can also use this tool for their development and intervention efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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21 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toward a Sustainable Future: The Case of the Municipality of Milan

by Silvia Ivaldi, Francesca Bertè, Sergio Sorgi and Giuseppe Scaratti

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030876 - 8 Feb 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3981

Abstract

In the new framework of the Psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this paper addresses the issue of building socially sustainable processes to develop a better quality of life in an urban context. The aim is to explore and highlight the connection between [...] Read more.

In the new framework of the Psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this paper addresses the issue of building socially sustainable processes to develop a better quality of life in an urban context. The aim is to explore and highlight the connection between the acknowledgment of a pluralistic and multi-stakeholder scenario, the entwined implications for sustainability at different levels (personal, social, organizational), and the enhancement of the participatory process of planning for future accomplishments. A case study supported by the Municipality of Milano (Italy) is analyzed with the aim to understand the key issues to improve the well-being of the citizens. The paper describes the context of the experience, highlighting the Delphi approach adopted and the ways applied to involve citizens in urban development policies. Discussion and conclusions address the lesson learnt from the case study, pointing out how to prompt and nurture sharing and knowing opportunities and the specific conditions that can support plural stakeholders’ engagement in a sustainable urban future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

17 pages, 3907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test (MEIT): An Ability Test to Assess Emotional Intelligence at Work

by Martin Sanchez-Gomez and Edgar Breso

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030827 - 5 Feb 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 11467

Abstract

The present study analyzes the Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test (MEIT), a new ability-test to assess emotional intelligence (EI) in a digital way. Taking into account the importance of emotional competencies in the study of employees’ wellbeing and performance, the instrument tested is based [...] Read more.

The present study analyzes the Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test (MEIT), a new ability-test to assess emotional intelligence (EI) in a digital way. Taking into account the importance of emotional competencies in the study of employees’ wellbeing and performance, the instrument tested is based on the most supported ability model (Four-branch Mayer and Salovey Model), and it evaluates emotional capacity through nine different emotional tasks. A total of 1549 participants (841 women and 708 men) with an average age of 27.77 (SD = 8.75) fulfilled the MEIT, consisting of 42 items. The score on the test is based on expert judgments: professional psychologists and emotional intelligence specialists. In addition to the MEIT test, a series of questionnaires was used to assess relevant constructs which research has shown to be related to EI (general intelligence, personality traits, and life satisfaction); besides, another measure of emotional intelligence trait (TMMS-24) was included. The results showed that the MEIT is a reliable and valid test that is useful for both scientific research and individual assessment. Statistical analysis provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the three-factor structure of the questionnaire. Moreover, internal consistency measures were high. In line with previous studies, MEIT maintains the expected relationships with the rest of the constructs studied. Finally, the limitations of the present study and the need for future research on emotional intelligence assessment are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Locus of Control: The Mediation Effect between Emotional Stability and Pro-Environmental Behavior

by Yi-Te Chiang, Wei-Ta Fang, Ulas Kaplan and Eric Ng

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030820 - 5 Feb 2019

Cited by 46 | Viewed by 17741

Abstract

Locus of control is a crucial factor in pro-environmental behavior. However, studies on pro-environmental behavior investigating the predisposing factors of internal locus of control are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study further explored the predisposing factors of locus of control and revealed [...] Read more.

Locus of control is a crucial factor in pro-environmental behavior. However, studies on pro-environmental behavior investigating the predisposing factors of internal locus of control are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study further explored the predisposing factors of locus of control and revealed that emotional stability may be a predisposing factor for internal locus of control and pro-environmental behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Taiwan (n = 473) and the responses were explored using structural equation modeling path analysis. The results revealed that emotional stability can promote pro-environmental behavior through the mediation effect of internal locus of control, indicating that emotional stability is a predisposing factor for locus of control-generated pro-environmental behavior. Thus, the study results indicated that people with higher emotional stability and a stronger internal locus of control are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Hence, to promote pro-environmental behavior through environmental protection education, people’s self-control awareness must be strengthened to enable them to remain calm and peaceful. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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28 pages, 1076 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Communicating Sustainability: Using Community Media to Influence Rural People’s Intention to Adopt Sustainable Behaviour

by Md. Shahzalal and Azizul Hassan

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030812 - 4 Feb 2019

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 10736

Abstract

Sustainable development is a big challenge for developing countries, due to lack of effective communication about sustainability to the rural population. This paper aims at building a theoretically and statistically sound model to communicate sustainability more effectively in rural areas in order to [...] Read more.

Sustainable development is a big challenge for developing countries, due to lack of effective communication about sustainability to the rural population. This paper aims at building a theoretically and statistically sound model to communicate sustainability more effectively in rural areas in order to achieve sustainable development. To this end, the constructs and items of the hypothesised model are identified, based on a focus group discussion and backed by the literature reviewed. Both partial least squares and covariance-based structural equation modelling approaches were used to test the hypotheses and validate the model against multiple indices after analysing survey data collected from 300 community radio listeners in Bangladesh. It was found that the unique media characteristics of community radio positively increased the acceptability of sustainability communications, which in turn affects the behavioural determinants (popular theory: attitudes, self-efficacy belief and social norms) and changed the intention to adopt sustainable behaviour. Example cases from around the world also support the statistically sound model. The paper also provides implications and directions for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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12 pages, 396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Sustainable Organizations: Supervisor Support, Commitment to Change and the Mediating Role of Organizational Identification

by Salvatore Zappalà, Ferdinando Toscano and Simone Alfio Licciardello

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030805 - 3 Feb 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5795

Abstract

According to psychology of sustainability, healthy organizations conduct successful businesses, regenerate employees’ belongingness, and promote organizational and individual growth and change. In line with this assumption, this study investigates: a) The relation between perceived supervisor support and the affective, normative, and continuance components [...] Read more.

According to psychology of sustainability, healthy organizations conduct successful businesses, regenerate employees’ belongingness, and promote organizational and individual growth and change. In line with this assumption, this study investigates: a) The relation between perceived supervisor support and the affective, normative, and continuance components of commitment to change (CtC), and b) the mediating role of organizational identification on the relation between perceived supervisor support and components of CtC. Participants were 243 employees of a company that, in order to introduce a new organizational vision, was implementing multiple change initiatives. Results show the direct effect of perceived supervisor support on affective and normative CtC, the partial mediating effect of organizational identification on affective and normative CtC, and the full mediating effect on continuance CtC. Such results extend previous studies and are in line with the assumptions of the psychology of sustainability: Supervisor support can be considered as a primary preventive intervention that increases employees’ belongingness and encourages them to commit to change initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Job Insecurity and Sustainable Wellbeing: Do Coping Strategies Help?

by Marianna Giunchi, Anne-Marie Vonthron and Chiara Ghislieri

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030784 - 2 Feb 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6059

Abstract

For workers, perceived job insecurity represents a threat and an obstacle towards achieving a decent and sustainable dimension of wellbeing at work and in life. Using the theoretical background of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, the aim of this study is [...] Read more.

For workers, perceived job insecurity represents a threat and an obstacle towards achieving a decent and sustainable dimension of wellbeing at work and in life. Using the theoretical background of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, the aim of this study is to deepen the relation between subjective job insecurity, self-related health and life satisfaction considering the effect of personal resources, such as specific coping strategies that people may undertake facing job insecurity perceptions. The hypotheses were tested in a convenience sample of 769 employees in France. Data were collected with a self-report questionnaire and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Science (IBM SPSS). Results showed that job insecurity was negatively related to self-reported health and life satisfaction; furthermore, problem-focused coping of the type of job, social support and training searching behaviors resulted in worsening this negative relationship. This study expanded the understanding of coping in the context of job insecurity and showed the limitations that proactive coping strategies have against job insecurity. These results encourage the debate on how far is it possible to attain sustainable wellbeing by relying on personal resources when job insecurity is experienced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 1381 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Post-1990s College Students Academic Sustainability: The Role of Negative Emotions, Achievement Goals, and Self-efficacy on Academic Performance

by Xinqiao Liu, Xueheng Gao and Siqing Ping

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030775 - 1 Feb 2019

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 30558

Abstract

In 1982, the “one-child policy” was implemented by China’s Constitution, which led to the majority of post-1990s college students in China being the only child in their family. Unique characteristics have been demonstrated in psychological development of post-1990s Chinese college students due to [...] Read more.

In 1982, the “one-child policy” was implemented by China’s Constitution, which led to the majority of post-1990s college students in China being the only child in their family. Unique characteristics have been demonstrated in psychological development of post-1990s Chinese college students due to the lack of sibling companionship, and the relationship between their psychological state and academic performance can affect their future academic sustainability. This paper used Beijing College Students Panel Survey (BCSPS) data to study the role of negative emotions, achievement goals, and academic self-efficacy on academic performance and gives a panoramic description of the China’s post-1990s college students’ psychological states based on the four-year data of more than 2000 college students who enrolled in 2008. We then used regression analysis and a two-way fixed effect model to study the effects of the psychological state on academic performance. The research conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) The levels of negative emotions, achievement goals, and academic self-efficacy vary according to the grade and gender of college students; (2) among all negative emotions discussed, only anxiety presents a significant predictive effect on academic performance, while the effect of stress and depression is not significant; (3) the presence of level of mastery–approach goals is higher than the other three achievement goals, and college students’ academic self-efficacy keeps decreasing from freshman to junior year; (4) performance–approach goals and academic self-efficacy are identified as having a significant promoting effect on academic performance; (5) mastery–avoidance goals and performance–avoidance goals are proven to have a negative effect on academic performance. This paper discusses the contribution of the psychological sustainability and sustainable development to college students’ academic performance from a primary intervention perspective. We believe that it is feasible to improve academic achievement by improving noncognitive factors, such as mental state, to achieve academic sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Perceived Employability and Meaningful Work: The Mediating Role of Courage on Quality of Life

by Paola Magnano, Giuseppe Santisi, Andrea Zammitti, Rita Zarbo and Santo Di Nuovo

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030764 - 1 Feb 2019

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 9246

Abstract

The concept of sustainability, from a psychological point of view, can be related to the promotion of personal resources that help people to find decent and meaningful work and live quality lives. In the psychological concept of sustainability and sustainable development, the sustainability [...] Read more.

The concept of sustainability, from a psychological point of view, can be related to the promotion of personal resources that help people to find decent and meaningful work and live quality lives. In the psychological concept of sustainability and sustainable development, the sustainability of careers is related not only to individual career management, but also to the possibility for individuals to obtain a good quality of life despite the frequent changes and the unpredictability of the work context. The present study focuses on the constructs of self-perceived employability and meaningful work, analyzing their relationships with workers’ quality of life. An empirical study was conducted on 660 Italian workers using the following measures: Self-perceived employability scale, work and meaning inventory, courage measure, satisfaction with life scale, and the flourishing scale. The results showed direct effects of employability and meaningful work on the indicators of quality of life (life satisfaction and flourishing); moreover, indirect effects of employability and meaningful work on the quality of life were found to be caused by the mediation of courage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 3116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Psychology of Sustainability to Sustainability of Urban Spaces: Promoting a Primary Prevention Approach for Well-Being in the Healthy City Designing. A Waterfront Case Study in Livorno

by Emanuele Leporelli and Giovanni Santi

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030760 - 1 Feb 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6317

Abstract

One of the main objectives of contemporary society and international research is to improve the physical and psychological health and well-being of the population, especially within the urban space. An effective approach to address this complex issue must necessarily be trans-disciplinary, and must [...] Read more.

One of the main objectives of contemporary society and international research is to improve the physical and psychological health and well-being of the population, especially within the urban space. An effective approach to address this complex issue must necessarily be trans-disciplinary, and must be framed in the broader perspective of the Science of Sustainability, in particular the Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development, as a frame of reference. The study shows the first results of research, in terms of methodology and qualitative analysis, with the following objectives—identification of the criteria for intervention for a healthy city design, with particular attention to the psychological, architectural, and construction aspects, and an initial verification of these criteria, through a case study consisting of a section of the city’s waterfront, in the city of Livorno. This case study has enabled, both, the definition of an innovative design and implementation of solutions, for the correct use, accessibility, and management of spaces. It provides the first evaluation of a possible digital analyses of a waterfront, before and after intervention; and highlights the potential and the critical aspects of the process of recovery and re-appropriation of an urban space, for a new social life, within it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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21 pages, 3234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The “Local Town Market Area” in Enna, Sicily: Using the Psychology of Sustainability to Propose Sustainable and Developmental Policies

by Romina Fucà, Serena Cubico, Giuseppe Favretto and João Leitão

Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020486 - 17 Jan 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4323

Abstract

Ritualization operated by analyzing macro-sectors in a city (e.g., neighborhoods) has concluded irreversibly for condemning some dilapidated areas instead of others. Taking its cue from the scenario of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 11—Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (United [...] Read more.

Ritualization operated by analyzing macro-sectors in a city (e.g., neighborhoods) has concluded irreversibly for condemning some dilapidated areas instead of others. Taking its cue from the scenario of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 11—Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (United Nations)—the realized analysis links a sustainable urban design with the citizens’ role in the city in a particular urban landmark, the “local town market area” (LTMA), with a focus on developing the well-being of the local community, also referred to as the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Principal methods of inquiry used, along a geospatial Google-driven investigation, were self-observation and self-assessment, which reflect both the study of self-organizing systems in the context of complexity and systemic theory, choosing to detect the spatial state of a specific area, as it has neither official nor institutional boundaries. The approach to crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is therefore discussed through the maximizing of the LTMA functional urban unit in Enna, Sicily, to reach the idea of a community that is innovative and participatory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unsustainable Working Conditions: The Association of Destructive Leadership, Use of Technology, and Workload with Workaholism and Exhaustion

by Monica Molino, Claudio G. Cortese and Chiara Ghislieri

Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446 - 16 Jan 2019

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 10174

Abstract

Job demands typical of the current working environments and negative leadership styles may be considered unsustainable factors able to decrease workers well-being. Moreover, contrary to the idea that workaholism is an innate individual characteristic, a recent perspective considers the working context able to [...] Read more.

Job demands typical of the current working environments and negative leadership styles may be considered unsustainable factors able to decrease workers well-being. Moreover, contrary to the idea that workaholism is an innate individual characteristic, a recent perspective considers the working context able to foster its insurgence. In order to investigate unsustainable dynamics within organizations, this study aimed at examining whether (1) destructive leadership increases workload and supplemental work supported by technology, (2) the three job demands increases workaholism, and (3) workaholism mediates their relationship with exhaustion. A convenience sample of 432 workers filled in a self-report questionnaire. The structural equation model results showed a positive relationship between destructive leadership and workload, off-work hour Technology-Assisted Job Demand (off-TAJD), and workaholism. Moreover, both workload and off-TAJD partially mediated the relationship between destructive leadership and workaholism. Finally, workaholism was a mediator between the three demands and exhaustion. The study confirmed a positive association between job demands and workaholism, and, in turn, their association with exhaustion, highlighting in particular the role of two under-investigated determinants, namely destructive leadership and off-TAJD, as unsustainable working conditions. Despite limitations, above all the cross-sectional design, this study provided useful indications for research and practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 1022 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seeking Challenges, Individual Adaptability and Career Growth in the Relationship between Workload and Contextual Performance: A Two-Wave Study

by Emanuela Ingusci, Paola Spagnoli, Margherita Zito, Lara Colombo and Claudio G. Cortese

Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020422 - 15 Jan 2019

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 7518

Abstract

Based on the theoretical approach of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development and on the theoretical Job Demands-Resources model, this contribution aims to explore the mediating effect of seeking challenges on the relationship between workload and contextual performance and the moderating effects [...] Read more.

Based on the theoretical approach of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development and on the theoretical Job Demands-Resources model, this contribution aims to explore the mediating effect of seeking challenges on the relationship between workload and contextual performance and the moderating effects of individual adaptability and organizational career growth in this process. The study involved a convenience sample from different occupational sectors. Data from 178 employees were collected with a self-report questionnaire administered at times T1 and T2 (six months later) and then analyzed through conditional process analysis. Challenging job demands (T1) fully mediated the relationship between workload (T1) and contextual performance (T2); furthermore, individual adaptability (T1) moderated the relationship between workload (T1) and challenging job demands (T1), and organizational career growth (T2) moderated the relationship between challenging job demands (T1) and contextual performance (T2). The results imply that seeking challenges can represent an effective approach to promote sustainable development through improvement of performance at work, maintaining its sustainability over time. The present study is innovative because in the new framework of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development is able to link workload, seeking challenges, career growth and performance in a two-wave study that not only has theoretical implications for organizations but also operative and practical spillovers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 838 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Common Good Provision Scale (CGP): A Tool for Assessing People’s Orientation towards Economic and Social Sustainability

by Cinzia Castiglioni, Edoardo Lozza and Andrea Bonanomi

Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020370 - 12 Jan 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6081

Abstract

Many governments and institutions are currently challenged with insecurity, economic instability, and ongoing turbulence which may undermine the quality of life of each human being and the sustainable development of civil society. As this kind of sustainable development is strictly related to the [...] Read more.

Many governments and institutions are currently challenged with insecurity, economic instability, and ongoing turbulence which may undermine the quality of life of each human being and the sustainable development of civil society. As this kind of sustainable development is strictly related to the promotion of the ‘common good’, it is of paramount importance to understand the different motives that lead people to give their contribution to the common good, in order to sustainably align individual needs with the needs of the society. By adopting a psychological perspective for the promotion of the sustainable development, the aim of this study is to develop and validate a new metric, the Common Good Provision scale (CGP), to assess people’s orientation towards economic and social sustainability. Items were generated from a preliminary qualitative study investigating meaning and representations on the common good and its provision. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were undertaken to validate and improve the scale. The final scale, which consists of seven items, contains two dimensions: Accessibility (i.e., making the common good accessible to anyone and fulfilling people’s basic needs) and Personal Gain (i.e., getting a return and personal advantage in exchange for one’s contribution). In addition, we tested a model in relation to a specific form of contribution: Paying taxes and making charitable donations, that are two complementary ways to financially provide for the common good. It was found that when the Accessibility motive prevails, people are more willing to pay taxes and make donations, whereas when the Personal Gain motive prevails, people are more likely to commit tax evasion and less willing to make monetary donations. The study is novel in that it represents the first attempt to develop a metric to assess people’s motives towards the common good provision. Potentialities and further applications of the CGP scale to other contexts are discussed in relation to the promotion of people’s wellbeing and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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9 pages, 216 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Positive Relational Management for Sustainable Development: Beyond Personality Traits—The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence

by Annamaria Di Fabio and Donald H. Saklofske

Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020330 - 10 Jan 2019

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 7519

Abstract

Positive relationships are of major importance in our personal and working lives for promoting well-being, and fostering healthy and sustainable organizations. The research literature suggests that emotional intelligence is a key factor in promoting and maintaining positive relationships. We examined the association between [...] Read more.

Positive relationships are of major importance in our personal and working lives for promoting well-being, and fostering healthy and sustainable organizations. The research literature suggests that emotional intelligence is a key factor in promoting and maintaining positive relationships. We examined the association between trait emotional intelligence and positive relational management in Italian workers, controlling for the effects of personality traits. Participants were administered the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF) and the Positive Relational Management Scale (PRMS). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that trait emotional intelligence explained an additional 14–16% of the variance beyond personality traits in relation to positive relational management in workers. These results underscore the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and positive relational management, offering new opportunities for promoting both personal well-being and healthy and sustainable organizations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

10 pages, 724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intrapreneurial Self-Capital and Sustainable Innovative Behavior within Organizations

by Mirko Duradoni and Annamaria Di Fabio

Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020322 - 10 Jan 2019

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 6015

Abstract

Innovative behavior is necessary to combat the 21st century’s sustainability challenges, as well as to ensure organizations’ longevity and success. Personality traits, such as extraversion, are strongly related to innovative behavior; nevertheless, such traits are not increasable through specific training. Intrapreneurial self-capital is [...] Read more.

Innovative behavior is necessary to combat the 21st century’s sustainability challenges, as well as to ensure organizations’ longevity and success. Personality traits, such as extraversion, are strongly related to innovative behavior; nevertheless, such traits are not increasable through specific training. Intrapreneurial self-capital is a promising preventive resource to enhance people’s capability to cope with innovations. On this basis, this study analyzed, in an explorative way, the relationship between extraversion, intrapreneurial self-capital, and innovative behavior, using a sample of 120 Italian workers. A mediation model was used to assess the effects of extraversion on innovative behavior and innovative implementation behavior (outcome variables) through intrapreneurial self-capital (conceived as an intervening mediator variable). The mediation analysis highlighted that intrapreneurial self-capital is correlated with both workers’ innovative behavior and innovative implementation behavior. Therefore, implementing dedicated training on intrapreneurial self-capital could help organizations better address sustainability issues and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals introduced by the United Nations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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22 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Service Providers’ Resilience in Buffering the Negative Impact of Customer Incivility on Service Recovery Performance

by Valentina Sommovigo, Ilaria Setti and Piergiorgio Argentero

Sustainability 2019, 11(1), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010285 - 8 Jan 2019

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 7990

Abstract

In the service sector, customer-related social stressors may weaken employees’ well-being, impairing job-related outcomes. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources theory and on the psychology of sustainability, fostering personal resources become critical to encourage service providers who can effectively manage such job demands. [...] Read more.

In the service sector, customer-related social stressors may weaken employees’ well-being, impairing job-related outcomes. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources theory and on the psychology of sustainability, fostering personal resources become critical to encourage service providers who can effectively manage such job demands. This study investigated how customer-related social stressors and customer orientation influence service recovery performance and whether resilience buffers the negative effects of customer incivility on service recovery performance. One hundred and fifty-seven Italian customer-contact employees completed a questionnaire analyzing customer incivility, customer-related social stressors, resilience, customer orientation, and service recovery performance. Regression analyses and SEMs were conducted. Although all customer-related social stressors indirectly and negatively influenced service recovery performance by increasing burnout symptoms, customer incivility only exerted a direct and detrimental impact on service recovery performance. Customer orientation was directly and positively associated with service recovery performance. Highly resilient employees were less affected by variations in service recovery performance across customer incivility levels. Within the psychology of sustainability framework, promoting resilient workplaces is crucial to foster healthy and sustainable work settings. Service organizations can greatly benefit from providing their employees with psychological resilience training programs, cultivating high customer-oriented attitudes through mentoring sessions, and hiring highly customer-oriented and resilient employees for customer-contact occupations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 1076 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Psychological Theories and Sustainable Second Language Learning: A Model Comparison Approach

by Kyung Ja Kim and Tae-Il Pae

Sustainability 2019, 11(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010016 - 20 Dec 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4912

Abstract

The purposes of the present study are two-fold: (1) To examine whether social psychological variables, such as attitude and subjective norm, can predict South Korean English as a foreign language high school students’ intention to learn English, and (2) to identify the best [...] Read more.

The purposes of the present study are two-fold: (1) To examine whether social psychological variables, such as attitude and subjective norm, can predict South Korean English as a foreign language high school students’ intention to learn English, and (2) to identify the best social psychological model for sustainable second language learning in the context of South Korean English as a foreign language (EFL) learning. A total of 614 South Korean high school learners of English participated in the present study. Data collected from a survey questionnaire were analyzed using a structural equation modeling procedure. Results of the present study indicate that South Korean high school students’ attitudes toward learning English and subjective norms made a significant and independent contribution to the variance in their intention to study English. Among the three competing social psychological models examined in the current study, the theory of Planned Behavior and an expanded model of Gardner’s Socio-educational Model proved to be the most effective in terms of the strength of path coefficients and explanatory power. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Personal and Career Counseling to Promote Sustainable Development and Change

by Jacobus Gideon Maree and Annamaria Di Fabio

Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 4176; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114176 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 8029

Abstract

This article reports on the integration of personal and career counseling to promote sustainable development and change. An explorative, descriptive, instrumental, single-case study approach was followed. Qualitative and quantitative data collection strategies were used to collect data, and an integrative career construction counseling [...] Read more.

This article reports on the integration of personal and career counseling to promote sustainable development and change. An explorative, descriptive, instrumental, single-case study approach was followed. Qualitative and quantitative data collection strategies were used to collect data, and an integrative career construction counseling intervention was conducted. The intervention comprised, first, elicitation of the participant’s micro- and meso-career-life stories; second, integration of these stories into a coherent macro-story, with the participant’s authorization of the narrative; and, third, co-construction by the participant and the counselor of action steps to facilitate action and forward movement. Integrating personal and career counseling helped to address the participants’ deep-seated personal needs while simultaneously addressing his career counseling needs. Longitudinal, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research is essential to determine the value and importance of integrating personal and career counseling. This study contributed to expanding the research on interventions that integrate personal and career counseling, promoting the development of sustainable career-life projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

14 pages, 1396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Escape from Working Poverty: Steps toward Sustainable Livelihood

by Jarrod Haar, Stuart C. Carr, James Arrowsmith, Jane Parker, Darrin Hodgetts and Siautu Alefaio-Tugia

Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 4144; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114144 - 11 Nov 2018

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5388

Abstract

Working poverty affects over half the world’s working population, yet we know remarkably little about the role of wages in transitioning toward sustainable livelihood. We develop and test a model whereby as pay approaches a living wage range, pay fairness becomes clearly associated [...] Read more.

Working poverty affects over half the world’s working population, yet we know remarkably little about the role of wages in transitioning toward sustainable livelihood. We develop and test a model whereby as pay approaches a living wage range, pay fairness becomes clearly associated with work–life balance; this in turn links to job satisfaction, which is a four-step process at the psychological level. We further extend this by testing a moderated mediated model, whereby income level is tested as a boundary condition. Using data from N = 873 New Zealand employees, we focus on relatively low-waged employees across three levels of income: up to $20,000, $20–40,000, and $40–60,000, with the last band straddling the New Zealand Living Wage. We find strong support for pay fairness predicting work–life balance and job satisfaction, with work–life balance mediating the relationship toward job satisfaction. In addition, we find direct effects from income to work–life balance, although not job satisfaction. Furthermore, two-way moderation is supported toward work–life balance and job satisfaction, with higher income employees reporting higher outcomes when fairness is high. The index of moderated mediation is also significantly supporting, indicating that work–life balance has a stronger mediation effect as income rises. Thus, as workers emerged from working poverty, pay fairness, and in turn work–life balance, became psychologically more salient for happiness at work, implying that a pathway to Sustainable Development Goal 8 includes at least three psychological steps, in addition to the pecuniary issue of pay: fairness, work–life balance, and job satisfaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting the Sustainability of Organizations: Contribution of Transformational Leadership to Job Engagement

by Guadalupe Vila-Vázquez, Carmen Castro-Casal, Dolores Álvarez-Pérez and Luisa Del Río-Araújo

Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 4109; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114109 - 9 Nov 2018

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6844

Abstract

The psychology of sustainability highlights the importance of building organizational environments promoting the employees’ well-being, and leaders play an important role in it. Drawing from Kahn’s theory, the purpose of this study is to simultaneously examine the mediating role of task significance, perceived [...] Read more.

The psychology of sustainability highlights the importance of building organizational environments promoting the employees’ well-being, and leaders play an important role in it. Drawing from Kahn’s theory, the purpose of this study is to simultaneously examine the mediating role of task significance, perceived organizational support (POS) and employees’ core self-evaluations (CSE) in the relationship between supervisors’ transformational leadership and job engagement. In order to test the proposed model, a structural equation modelling was performed using the bootstrapping technique in IBM SPSS Amos 23 for Windows. The sample consisted of 320 employees from emergent high-tech and knowledge-based SMEs in Spain. The results supported all the hypotheses posited. By helping employees to find the meaning and significance of their work, making them feel supported by the organization and strengthening their sense of worth and competence, transformational leaders boost job engagement, a key aspect of the human dimension of organizational sustainability. This paper contributes to the psychology of sustainability by advancing knowledge of the mechanisms through which supervisors’ transformational leadership influences employees’ well-being in terms of job engagement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Managerial Humanistic Attention and CSR: Do Firm Characteristics Matter?

by Yuanyuan Hu, Shouming Chen and Jian Wang

Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 4029; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114029 - 2 Nov 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4227

Abstract

This study attempted to investigate the influence of managerial humanistic attention on corporate social responsibility. Drawing upon humanistic value, upper echelons theory and behavior decision theory, we developed and tested hypotheses using secondary from manufacturing firms listed at Shanghai Stock Exchange from year [...] Read more.

This study attempted to investigate the influence of managerial humanistic attention on corporate social responsibility. Drawing upon humanistic value, upper echelons theory and behavior decision theory, we developed and tested hypotheses using secondary from manufacturing firms listed at Shanghai Stock Exchange from year 2010 to year 2014. This study showed that managerial humanistic attention can positively affect corporate social responsibility and corporate social responsibility was found to be influenced by firm characteristics. Specifically, the relationship between managerial humanistic attention and corporate social responsibility was stronger: when a firm was older; was bigger; and had more slack resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Valencia Eustress-Distress Appraisal Scale (VEDAS): Validation of the Italian Version

by Annamaria Di Fabio, José María Peiró, Isabel Rodríguez and Malgorzata Wanda Kozusznik

Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 3903; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113903 - 26 Oct 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5809

Abstract

The aim of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Valencia Eustress-Distress Appraisal Scale (VEDAS). Two hundred and thirty-two Italian workers were involved in the study. Dimensionality, reliability, and concurrent validity were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-dimensional structure. [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Valencia Eustress-Distress Appraisal Scale (VEDAS). Two hundred and thirty-two Italian workers were involved in the study. Dimensionality, reliability, and concurrent validity were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-dimensional structure. In addition, the Italian version of the scale showed good internal consistency and validity. The results indicate that the Italian version of the VEDAS is a valid instrument for measuring eustress and distress appraisal in the Italian context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

18 pages, 1151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antecedent and Consequences of Psychological Capital of Entrepreneurs

by Yong Wang, Cheng-Hung Tsai, Fu-Sheng Tsai, Wenyi Huang and Shareena Malapitan De la Cruz

Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3717; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103717 - 16 Oct 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7143

Abstract

Psychological capital is critical for entrepreneurial resilience and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to examine a comprehensive model of the relationships between the antecedents and consequences of the psychological capital of entrepreneurs. A data sample of 208 entrepreneurs from the Philippines [...] Read more.

Psychological capital is critical for entrepreneurial resilience and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to examine a comprehensive model of the relationships between the antecedents and consequences of the psychological capital of entrepreneurs. A data sample of 208 entrepreneurs from the Philippines was analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling. The results found that organizational climate, organizational justice, leader-member exchange, authentic leadership have significant and positive influences on psychological capital, while occupational stressor is significantly associated with psychological capital. Among them, authentic leadership has the strongest impact on psychological capital. Results also found that psychological capital has significant and positive influences on entrepreneurs’ job satisfaction, performance, attitude, organizational citizenship behavior, while it also has negative influences on undesirable behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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9 pages, 195 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychological Capital Research: A Meta-Analysis and Implications for Management Sustainability

by Fanzhu Kong, Cheng-Hung Tsai, Fu-Sheng Tsai, Wenyi Huang and Shareena Malapitan De la Cruz

Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3457; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103457 - 28 Sep 2018

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6538

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to conduct a wide-ranging meta-analytic review of empirical psychological capital studies in the management field. We conducted a meta-analysis on papers collected from the EBSCOhost and ProQuest databases. For comprehensive and extensive literature coverage, we also searched [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to conduct a wide-ranging meta-analytic review of empirical psychological capital studies in the management field. We conducted a meta-analysis on papers collected from the EBSCOhost and ProQuest databases. For comprehensive and extensive literature coverage, we also searched and compared the Journal Citation Report for the journals that referenced the most-cited articles (e.g., Journal of Organizational Behavior, Academy of Management Journal, etc.). A total of 81 published types of research were thoroughly selected and analyzed. The results revealed that, with different weighting, the following influencing factors have significant associations with psychological capital: organizational climate, organizational justice, authentic leadership, leader–member exchange, and occupational stress. Also, with different influencing weighting, psychological capital is confirmed to have impacts on job satisfaction, attitude, performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and undesirable behaviors. Implications for managerial sustainability are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

15 pages, 1949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability in Organizations: Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility and Spanish Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors

by Sergio Pérez, Samuel Fernández-Salinero and Gabriela Topa

Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3423; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103423 - 25 Sep 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5724

Abstract

The fields of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development have been recently highlighted by their contributions to employee’s wellbeing in organizations. The present study is aimed to empirically explore the relationship between perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility of IBEX 35 (Spanish Exchange Index) [...] Read more.

The fields of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development have been recently highlighted by their contributions to employee’s wellbeing in organizations. The present study is aimed to empirically explore the relationship between perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility of IBEX 35 (Spanish Exchange Index) companies’ employees, and their attitudes and behaviors. The relationship between the employees’ perception of Corporate Social Responsibility of the IBEX 35 companies with their job satisfaction and Organizational citizenships behaviors is empirically analyzed. The sample includes 600 employees of the IBEX 35 companies. The results supported that the three dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) perceived by the workers are different from each other, and that they are related positively, and significantly, with their job satisfaction, the Organizational Citizenships Behaviors oriented to the company and to other co-workers. We found that two dimensions of perceived CSR—sustainable economic development, and environmental protection—have a greater impact, whereas the CSR of social equity has an almost null explanatory power, compared to the other two dimensions. The study contributions will link the Firms’ CSR activities with the degree of wellbeing of employees: Relationships that become essential when designing companies’ products and/or services. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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14 pages, 2051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Personality Traits and Positive Resources of Workers for Sustainable Development: Is Emotional Intelligence a Mediator for Optimism and Hope?

by Annamaria Di Fabio, Letizia Palazzeschi, Ornella Bucci, Andrea Guazzini, Chiara Burgassi and Eleonora Pesce

Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3422; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103422 - 25 Sep 2018

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6230

Abstract

The 21st century is characterized by unpredictable and changing environments that require individuals and organizations to adapt to these challenges and prepare for continuous transitions in the work environment. Optimism and hope are positive resources that are key factors in navigating this post-modern [...] Read more.

The 21st century is characterized by unpredictable and changing environments that require individuals and organizations to adapt to these challenges and prepare for continuous transitions in the work environment. Optimism and hope are positive resources that are key factors in navigating this post-modern work scenario. Emotional intelligence can be considered as another important variable in this context and furthermore, research has shown it can be increased through specific training. The aim of the present study is to examine the contribution of emotional intelligence in mediating the relationship between personality traits and both optimism and hope. The Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF), the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), and the Hope Scale (HS) were administered to 201 Italian workers. Correlations among variables were calculated and mediation analyses were performed. The results showed that the relationships between personality traits and both optimism and hope are mediated by emotional intelligence. In particular, the contribution of emotional stability, agreeableness, and extraversion on optimism was mediated by emotional intelligence; the contribution of extraversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness on hope was mediated by emotional intelligence. These results open new possibilities for research and interventions to enhance the personal resources of workers in the fluid scenario of the 21st century by promoting optimism and hope that are facilitated by emotional intelligence in the perspective of enhancing psychological aspects of sustainability and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 1925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable and Healthy Organizations Promote Employee Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies

by Adrián Segura-Camacho, Juan-José García-Orozco and Gabriela Topa

Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3411; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103411 - 25 Sep 2018

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4914

Abstract

The psychology of sustainability claims for a new kind of organization that promotes employee well-being as well as the search firm’s performance. In sustainable and healthy organizations, tasks are characterized by their significance, variety, autonomy, and feedback from the job. This way of [...] Read more.

The psychology of sustainability claims for a new kind of organization that promotes employee well-being as well as the search firm’s performance. In sustainable and healthy organizations, tasks are characterized by their significance, variety, autonomy, and feedback from the job. This way of organizing employees’ activities motivates them and can affect their well-being. However, due to a series of age-related physical and cognitive changes, older workers must constantly adapt to task demands to continue working and maintain their productivity. This research explores the moderating role of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies in the relationship between task characteristics (significance, variety, autonomy, and feedback from the job) on the one hand, and job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors on the other. This study was carried out using a lagged design over a three-month interval. Participants were 183 Spanish workers aged between 45–55 years who completed two questionnaires (Time 1 and Time 2). The results support the moderating role of the optimization and compensation in the relationship between task characteristics and employee well-being. Elective selection and loss-based selection strategies do not moderate the relationship. These findings underscore that people who are actively involved in optimization and compensation strategies can age successfully at work. The implications of this study to improve the orientation practices of older workers are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Consumers’ Attitudes toward a Theme Park: A Focus on Disneyland in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

by Young Han Bae, Sangkil Moon, Jong Woo Jun, Taewan Kim and Ilyoung Ju

Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3409; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103409 - 25 Sep 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 10414

Abstract

We explore the impact of consumers’ attitude toward a theme park on the image of the host city. We study how attitudinal aspects of Disneyland in Los Angeles can influence the image of Los Angeles. Using the tripartite approach of attitudes, we model [...] Read more.

We explore the impact of consumers’ attitude toward a theme park on the image of the host city. We study how attitudinal aspects of Disneyland in Los Angeles can influence the image of Los Angeles. Using the tripartite approach of attitudes, we model consumers’ attitude of theme parks with three dimensions: cognition, affect, and conation. We show the causal relationships among Disney content, attitudinal constructs, and attitudes toward Los Angeles. Results showed that Disney content influenced cognition, affect, and conation, and both cognition and affect were connected to conation. Finally, affect influenced attitudes toward Los Angeles. Our research provides several implications for both academia and practitioners. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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13 pages, 1409 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y) among Malaysian University Students

by Chua Bee Seok, Harris Shah Abd Hamid, Jasmine Adela Mutang and Rosnah Ismail

Sustainability 2018, 10(9), 3311; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093311 - 17 Sep 2018

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 8798

Abstract

Health Ministry statistics showed mental health problems among Malaysian students increased from one in ten individuals in year 2011 to one in five in 2016. Anxiety and depression were cited as the main causes of mental health problems among students in Malaysia. However, [...] Read more.

Health Ministry statistics showed mental health problems among Malaysian students increased from one in ten individuals in year 2011 to one in five in 2016. Anxiety and depression were cited as the main causes of mental health problems among students in Malaysia. However, an anxiety measure that has been validated for use with Malaysian students is still lacking. Thus, the main objective of the current study is to examine the psychometric proprieties of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y) (STAI), and to assess the suitability of the factorial model in the context of Malaysia. The STAI contains separate scales for measuring state and trait anxiety. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test and to compare the two-factor model (State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety) and the four-factor model (State Anxiety Present, State Anxiety Absent, Trait Anxiety Present, and Trait Anxiety Absent) of STAI. In addition, the reliability and validity of the model were also tested. The sample consisted of 341 university students from one of the universities in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The results supported a better fit to the data for the four-factor model of STAI. To improve composite reliability and the average variance extracted (AVE) of the constructs, one item was removed from each of the State Anxiety Present factor, Trait Anxiety present factor, and Trait Anxiety Absent factor. Convergent validity for the four-factor model was also improved by the removal of the three items. The findings also suggested that the STAI may have some discriminant validity issues. In the framework of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, research and intervention regarding this topic should also be enhanced from a primary prevention perspective to improve the quality of life of every human being, fostering wellbeing at all different levels, from individuals to organizations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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11 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intrapreneurial Self-Capital: A Key Resource for Promoting Well-Being in a Shifting Work Landscape

by Annamaria Di Fabio and Maureen E. Kenny

Sustainability 2018, 10(9), 3035; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093035 - 27 Aug 2018

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4768

Abstract

Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) represents a promising individual resource that might be enhanced through intervention to help individuals cope adaptively with the ongoing changes that characterize the world of work and other life challenges in the 21st century. In order to examine the promise [...] Read more.

Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) represents a promising individual resource that might be enhanced through intervention to help individuals cope adaptively with the ongoing changes that characterize the world of work and other life challenges in the 21st century. In order to examine the promise of this construct, the present study analyzed the relationship between ISC and both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, controlling for the effects of personality traits, which are substantially stable and not amenable to psychological intervention. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS), the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Meaning in Life Measure (MLM), and the Flourishing Scale (FS), were administered to 563 Italian university students. Hierarchical regressions analyses showed that ISC explained a percentage of incremental variance beyond that accounted for by personality traits in relation to both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. These results support the premise that ISC may be a promising resource for fostering both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

16 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aesthetic Experience Anchors Ego Identity Formation

by Chi-Ying Yu and Po-Ching Wang

Sustainability 2018, 10(8), 2596; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082596 - 24 Jul 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5532

Abstract

The development of a coherent identity status, also referred to as ego identity, is critical during adolescence and early-adulthood. In the long run, an individual’s ego identity status may influence the sustainability of his or her well-being. Researchers have attempted to discover the [...] Read more.

The development of a coherent identity status, also referred to as ego identity, is critical during adolescence and early-adulthood. In the long run, an individual’s ego identity status may influence the sustainability of his or her well-being. Researchers have attempted to discover the predictors or factors correlated with one’s identity status. In that search, aesthetic experience, as a unique means of knowing oneself and the world, seemed to be overlooked. Philosophical and psychological discourses have asserted that aesthetic experience stimulated identity discovery and formation; this hypothesis, however, is not supported by strong quantitative evidence. Thus, an empirical study with a quantitative approach was conducted to examine whether those who have frequent aesthetic experiences are more likely to possess a mature ego identity. A sample of 758 valid questionnaires was collected. The results supported the argument that aesthetic experience favors the development of ego identity. In addition, this study revealed that sociodemographic backgrounds such as women, fine arts and design majors, and religious individuals were more likely to have a rich aesthetic life. The results imply that aesthetic experience serves as a crucial aspect that contributes to the wellness of personality development and promotes a healthy and sustainable quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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10 pages, 547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Substainability: Psychological Capital, Perceived Employability, and Job Insecurity in Different Work Contract Conditions

by Rita Chiesa, Luca Fazi, Dina Guglielmi and Marco Giovanni Mariani

Sustainability 2018, 10(7), 2475; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072475 - 15 Jul 2018

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6990

Abstract

According to the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, even though there are numerous challenges within the current labor market, it is possible to establish meaningful lives and meaningful work experiences through optimizing the use of personal resources and regenerating them. In line [...] Read more.

According to the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, even though there are numerous challenges within the current labor market, it is possible to establish meaningful lives and meaningful work experiences through optimizing the use of personal resources and regenerating them. In line with this assumption, the present study aims to test the moderation effect of the type of worker contracts on the relationship between psychological capital, perceived employability, and job insecurity. Participants were N = 190 Italian young workers (self-employed, permanent employees, or temporary employees). Results showed that perceived employability mediated the relationship between psychological capital and job insecurity, and that this relationship was moderated by the workers’ type of contract. Specifically, a higher level of psychological capital corresponded to a higher perception of employability, and consequently a lower job insecurity for temporary and self-employed workers, but not for permanent ones. These findings are in line with the assumptions of the psychology of sustainability, and encourage preventive interventions aimed to foster personal resources in order to reduce job insecurity, especially in cases of non-standard employment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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11 pages, 511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Capital Sustainability Leadership to Promote Sustainable Development and Healthy Organizations: A New Scale

by Annamaria Di Fabio and José María Peiró

Sustainability 2018, 10(7), 2413; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072413 - 11 Jul 2018

Cited by 138 | Viewed by 16079

Abstract

Human resource management that aims to promote employee wellbeing calls for a new style of leadership. Such a strategy focuses on fostering flourishing and resilient workers to build up thriving businesses and robust and sustainable organizations. In this framework, we developed a new [...] Read more.

Human resource management that aims to promote employee wellbeing calls for a new style of leadership. Such a strategy focuses on fostering flourishing and resilient workers to build up thriving businesses and robust and sustainable organizations. In this framework, we developed a new integrated construct of human capital sustainability leadership, and a scale to assess it. This leadership style has its roots in the existing definition of the term but aims to achieve higher integration of different functions and of the four dimensions of leadership, including ethical, sustainable, mindful and servant leadership. In this study, we analyze the psychometric properties of the new scale for assessing human capital sustainability leadership for Italian workers. The results of the exploratory factor analysis reveal a factor structure with the four dimensions that have good reliability and validity. The confirmatory factor analysis confirms this four-dimensional structure, which is integrated into the construct of human capital sustainability leadership as a single second-order factor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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23 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Job Loss in a Group of Older Canadian Workers: Challenges in the Sustainable Labour Market Reintegration Process

by Geneviève Fournier, Hélène Zimmermann, Jonas Masdonati and Christine Gauthier

Sustainability 2018, 10(7), 2245; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072245 - 29 Jun 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4488

Abstract

In Western countries, the loss of jobs among older workers is a highly worrisome situation, since it can be synonymous with long-term employment precariousness and definitive exclusion from the labour market. This precariousness is occurring while the labour force in these countries is [...] Read more.

In Western countries, the loss of jobs among older workers is a highly worrisome situation, since it can be synonymous with long-term employment precariousness and definitive exclusion from the labour market. This precariousness is occurring while the labour force in these countries is aging, and governments are looking to extend people’s working lives. It is therefore particularly relevant to study different labour market reintegration processes and to understand their sustainability from a psychological perspective. The present article is examining these processes using a longitudinal study over an 18-month period with 61 older Canadian workers. Time 1 and Final Time were documented with semi-structured individual interviews. These data allowed us to qualitatively construct three reintegration processes (blocked, downgrading, and sustainable) that describe a large spectrum of workers’ experiences regarding occupational repositioning. Quantitative analyses likewise suggest moderate statistical links between the reintegration process and changes in subjective variables associated with the relationship to work and identity representations. Altogether, the results underline the importance of returning to the labour market in qualified, decent, sustainable work that allows people to have a decent and meaningful personal life. The results also suggest, in keeping with the psychology of sustainability, that interventions should promote occupational and personal enrichment, both at the individual and organizational levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

13 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Academic Relational Civility as a Key Resource for Sustaining Well-Being

by Annamaria Di Fabio and Maureen E. Kenny

Sustainability 2018, 10(6), 1914; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061914 - 7 Jun 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4796

Abstract

In the 21st century, which has been characterized by complexity, instability, and continuous change, the well-being of individuals is threatened. The health and well-being of individuals are recognized as one of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. From a primary [...] Read more.

In the 21st century, which has been characterized by complexity, instability, and continuous change, the well-being of individuals is threatened. The health and well-being of individuals are recognized as one of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. From a primary prevention perspective, physical and psychological health can be augmented through the early identification and promotion of key psychological resources that sustain well-being across one’s lifetime. With that goal in mind, the present study explored potential relationships between academic relational civility and both hedonic (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) and eudaimonic well-being (meaning in life and flourishing), controlling for the effect of personality traits among university students. The Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Academic Relational Civility Scale (ARCS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Meaning in Life Measure (MLM), and the Flourishing Scale (FS), were administered to 241 Italian university students. Regression analyses identified that academic relational civility contributed significantly to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being beyond the contribution of stable personality factors. Academic relational civility may represent one psychological resource for supporting and sustaining hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, suggesting the need for further research and intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

13 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seeking Control in a Precarious Environment: Sustainable Practices as an Adaptive Strategy to Living under Uncertainty

by Stefana Broadbent and Francesco Cara

Sustainability 2018, 10(5), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051320 - 24 Apr 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6564

Abstract

Our societies and our economies are struggling to transform in response to the climate crisis with the speed and intent that the rapidly deteriorating environmental situation requires. Resistance to change is invoked as one of the reasons for the slow adoption of new [...] Read more.

Our societies and our economies are struggling to transform in response to the climate crisis with the speed and intent that the rapidly deteriorating environmental situation requires. Resistance to change is invoked as one of the reasons for the slow adoption of new sustainable practices. In this paper, we argue that the transition to sustainable behaviors is part of a wider adaptation to the new uncertain and precarious conditions of contemporary living and this constitutes a unique opportunity for rapid cultural change. The analysis of a growing innovation space that is at the crossroads of digital transformation and ecological transition shows that the digital culture of sustainability actually goes hand in hand with the changing practices emerging from an increasing economic and professional precariousness. Since the invention of the world wide web, we have seen that digital innovation is an accelerator of cultural change. When applied to the ecological transition, will digital innovation create the conditions for an equally rapid and profound transformation of practices? To start exploring this question, we built a dedicated research tool called If You Want To that collected several thousand digital environmental projects. Our initial findings suggest that this wide landscape of services enables new sustainable forms of exchange, collaboration, consumption, and production, giving rise to alternative social, environmental, and economic models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

Review

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26 pages, 1463 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sustainability within Fashion Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review

by Thorey S. Thorisdottir and Lara Johannsdottir

Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2233; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082233 - 13 Apr 2019

Cited by 82 | Viewed by 39703

Abstract

Production, marketing, and consumption of fashion products result in negative environmental impacts due to the massive production volume of fashion items. However, there is limited literature on how the fashion industry integrates sustainability-related practices into business models, how sustainability is measured within the [...] Read more.

Production, marketing, and consumption of fashion products result in negative environmental impacts due to the massive production volume of fashion items. However, there is limited literature on how the fashion industry integrates sustainability-related practices into business models, how sustainability is measured within the business models, or what drives the sustainability-emphasis of the fashion industry. Therefore, it is consequential to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature concerning how the fashion industry integrates sustainability into business models, if and how sustainability-related practices are measured to ensure transparency and lead to improvements, and to recognize what drives sustainability in fashion business models. The key aspects regarding sustainability integration into business models include organization values, entrepreneurship, innovation, and internationalization processes. With regards to measurement of impacts and reporting, it is evident that Corporate Social Responsibility, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Apparel and Footwear Sector Supplement are of relevance for the industry, mainly with regards to the supply chain. The drivers influencing sustainability practices are government and regulatory pressure, market pressure, closed-loop pressure, value creation, innovation, equity, authenticity, functionality, localism, and exclusivity. The findings are of relevance both for academia and the fashion industry, as the paper provides evidence on what has already been studied by academia, but also highlights a need for further studies on the fashion industry with regards to sustainability practices. This paper; therefore, opens a path for academics to consider empirical studies on how to investigate the sustainability strategies of fashion businesses, elements of fashion business models, driving forces influencing actions, measurements, key performance indicators, transparency, and disclosure, just to name a few examples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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22 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessReview

Migrant Workers and Physical Health: An Umbrella Review

by Nicola Mucci, Veronica Traversini, Gabriele Giorgi, Giacomo Garzaro, Javier Fiz-Perez, Marcello Campagna, Venerando Rapisarda, Eleonora Tommasi, Manfredi Montalti and Giulio Arcangeli

Sustainability 2019, 11(1), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010232 - 4 Jan 2019

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 8206

Abstract

Migrants are mainly employed in “3D jobs” which are dirty, dangerous, and difficult, are characterized by monotony and intense rhythms, and are found in sectors with higher risks such as construction, heavy industry, and agriculture. The aim of this study is to construct [...] Read more.

Migrants are mainly employed in “3D jobs” which are dirty, dangerous, and difficult, are characterized by monotony and intense rhythms, and are found in sectors with higher risks such as construction, heavy industry, and agriculture. The aim of this study is to construct a systematic review in order to identify the main occupational risks and occupational diseases of this category. Research included articles published from 2013 to 2018 on major online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus), which were obtained using a combination of keywords (migrant workers, expatriates, physical health, diseases, illnesses, travel, travelers, work, and occupational medicine). The online search included 1109 references. We excluded 977 studies because they were unrelated to physical health and another 64 due to duplication. There were 68 articles which were analyzed, including six reviews and 62 original articles. The main risks which emerged are developing infectious diseases, metabolic cardiovascular diseases and manifesting a lower quality of life, in particular due to difficulties in accessing local health services. It will be crucial to implement the role of occupational medicine in order to introduce multilevel interventions designed to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses, and to promote healthier working environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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Other

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14 pages, 3100 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Improving Sustainability in Architectural Research: Biopsychosocial Requirements in the Design of Urban Spaces

by Giovanni Santi, Emanuele Leporelli and Michele Di Sivo

Sustainability 2019, 11(6), 1585; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061585 - 15 Mar 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4036

Abstract

There is an ever increasing interest in identifying the links between architecture and public health and in how urban design can positively influence the latter. The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development represents an innovative research area as a recent contribution to sustainability [...] Read more.

There is an ever increasing interest in identifying the links between architecture and public health and in how urban design can positively influence the latter. The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development represents an innovative research area as a recent contribution to sustainability science and its trans-disciplinary configuration. The research topic deals with the importance and the centrality of the user-centered approach in the observation of the relationships among mankind, technological systems, and built environments, for projects that guarantee the conditions of physical, mental, and social well-being. Starting from the plurality of different disciplinary sectors, from anthropometry and sociology to psychology, “human experience” and user’s expectations are explored, understood, and systematized. The analysis of the relationship between health and urban design has allowed researchers to identify design strategies to improve the level of urban livability. The city of Pisa is the case study; mobility within the city is redefined through various levels of the use of space so that paths and areas of inclusion and socialization are re-valued, while new scenarios for some urban spaces open up. In this perspective, the design strategies synthetically follow two main directions: the re-appropriation of these places by the citizens and, at the same time, the promotion of their well-being from both a physical and psychological point of view. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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15 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

The Psychology of Harmony and Harmonization: Advancing the Perspectives for the Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development

by Annamaria Di Fabio and Akira Tsuda

Sustainability 2018, 10(12), 4726; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124726 - 11 Dec 2018

Cited by 79 | Viewed by 11591

Abstract

After delineating the roots of harmony in the literature from both the Eastern and the Western perspectives, the paper introduces the new Psychology of harmony in terms of harmonization that widens the perspective calling for psychological contributions regarding components, processes and building strengths [...] Read more.

After delineating the roots of harmony in the literature from both the Eastern and the Western perspectives, the paper introduces the new Psychology of harmony in terms of harmonization that widens the perspective calling for psychological contributions regarding components, processes and building strengths in a preventive perspective. The complex construction of Harmony from a psychological perspective underlines the concept of relationality. Harmony results at three main points, with oneself, with others, and with nature/the natural world, also taking into account the spatial and temporal perspectives. The Psychology of harmony as harmonization represents a pillar for a new research area in the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, considering harmonization in geographical and temporal perspectives, including meaningful construction processes from the past, to the present, and into the future using reflexivity processes at the individual, group, community, social, and national levels. Introducing the innovative psychology of harmony as harmonization the present article offers promising perspectives for research and intervention with the aim to individuate and foster new strengths from a preventive perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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