Dentistry Journal

10 pages, 1991 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is a Wiggling-Motion Modified Two-Step Impression Technique as Accurate as Conventional Techniques in Restorative Dentistry?

by Anastasia Zappi, Efstratios Papazoglou and Maria Anagnostou

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050139 - 22 May 2023

Viewed by 1686

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental impression accuracy of one-step and two-step techniques compared to a modified two-step technique. Methods: Four impression techniques were compared: (1) a one-step double mix (DM) technique, (2) a cut-out (CO) technique, in which [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental impression accuracy of one-step and two-step techniques compared to a modified two-step technique. Methods: Four impression techniques were compared: (1) a one-step double mix (DM) technique, (2) a cut-out (CO) technique, in which space relief was created using a blade and a laboratory bur, (3) a membrane (ME) technique, in which space relief was created by placing a PVC membrane on top of the putty material during the primary impression, and (4) a wiggling motion (WI) technique, in which PVC membrane was placed and additional wiggling movements were performed during the first 20 s when the primary impression was seated upon the master model (MM). Impressions were poured with type IV stone. Casts were scanned with a laboratory scanner and measurements were made for each cast using three-dimensional analysis software. Results: All groups presented differences compared to MM group, in at least one intra-abutment distance. Groups DM and ME presented the most significant differences, in three and two distances, respectively, whereas CO and WI presented one significant different distance compared to MM. There were no differences between MM and the four techniques for inter-abutment distances. Conclusions: WI yielded similar results with CO technique. Both performed better than the other groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality Assurance, Professionalism, and Sustainability in Dentistry after the COVID-19 Pandemic)

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13 pages, 3037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia of the Jaw: Demographic and Clinical Analysis of 191 New Cases

by Katherine Decolibus, Shokoufeh Shahrabi-Farahani, Anmol Brar, Shane D. Rasner, Sarah E. Aguirre and Adepitan A. Owosho

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050138 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7065

Abstract

Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a form of benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw. We sought to evaluate the demographic and clinical presentations of COD by collecting and analyzing the demographic, clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data of COD diagnosed in our institution from 2017 [...] Read more.

Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a form of benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw. We sought to evaluate the demographic and clinical presentations of COD by collecting and analyzing the demographic, clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data of COD diagnosed in our institution from 2017 to 2022. Over this six-year period, the records of 191 patients with COD were reviewed. Most patients were African American and female. Eighty-five patients were diagnosed with florid COD (FLCOD), 63 with periapical COD (PCOD), and 43 with focal COD (FCOD). Twenty-eight (14.7%) patients presented symptoms. The most common symptom was pain. All the symptomatic cases of COD that were histopathologically diagnosed were osteomyelitis in the setting of COD. Symptomatic patients were older (mean of 61.3 years) than the asymptomatic patients (mean of 51.2 years). Due to the radiographic appearance of a radiolucency or a mixture of radiolucency and radiopacity, forty-five asymptomatic patients were biopsied. Most of the asymptomatic patients biopsied were patients with FCOD (n = 19, 54.3%), followed by PCOD (n = 16, 25.8%), and FLCOD (n = 10, 15.2%). FLCOD is the most common form of COD to present with symptoms. Due to the significant overlap in clinical and radiographic presentation with other entities, FCOD and PCOD remain a diagnostic challenge to dentists. In conclusion, we analyzed the demographic and clinical features of 191 new cases of COD, which reaffirms that cemento-osseous dysplasia is a condition that primarily affects middle-aged females of African descent and occurs more frequently in the mandible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry Journal: 10th Anniversary)

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12 pages, 463 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Postoperative Deep Sedation after Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery for Oral Cancer Increases the Risk of Early Postoperative Pneumonia

by Satoshi Fukuzawa, Kenji Yamagata, Shohei Takaoka, Fumihiko Uchida, Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno, Toru Yanagawa and Hiroki Bukawa

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050137 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1513

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of postoperative deep sedation after oral cancer reconstructive surgery on the occurrence of early postoperative pneumonia and early postoperative delirium. We obtained medical records of 108 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery at Tsukuba University Hospital for [...] Read more.

This study investigated the effect of postoperative deep sedation after oral cancer reconstructive surgery on the occurrence of early postoperative pneumonia and early postoperative delirium. We obtained medical records of 108 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery at Tsukuba University Hospital for oral cancer between January 2013 and December 2021. Forty-six of them woke soon after surgery. Ten of these forty-six patients were restless and required immediate sedation within 3 h after surgery. The comparison between sedation group and no sedation group revealed early postoperative pneumonia in the no sedation group; however, sedation was not related to early postoperative delirium. The preoperative albumin levels of patients with postoperative pneumonia were significantly different (p = 0.03) than those of patients without postoperative pneumonia. The performance status (p = 0.02), preoperative albumin level (p = 0.02), and age 75 years or older (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with postoperative delirium. Restless patients and those who could not be sedated experienced delirium and pneumonia. The risk of pneumonia was increased for patients who were difficult to sedate. Full article

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20 pages, 3578 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Dental Practitioners in the Management of Oncology Patients: The Head and Neck Radiation Oncology Patient and the Medical Oncology Patient

by Adepitan A. Owosho, Katherine DeColibus, Beverly Hedgepeth, Burton C. Wood, Ritter E. Sansoni, John P. Gleysteen and David L. Schwartz

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050136 - 17 May 2023

Viewed by 3197

Abstract

This narrative review addresses the role of a dentist in the management of oncology patients, highlighting the oral complications that arise in head and neck radiation oncology patients and medical oncology patients. The prevention and management of these complications are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Oncology)

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12 pages, 1908 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resistance of PETG Materials on Thermocycling and Brushing

by Luka Šimunović, Tadeja Blagec and Senka Meštrović

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050135 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

The aim was to assess the impact of thermocycling and brushing on the surface roughness and mass of PETG material—the most commonly used for orthodontic retainers. A total of 96 specimens were exposed to thermocycling and brushing with three different kinds of toothbrushes [...] Read more.

The aim was to assess the impact of thermocycling and brushing on the surface roughness and mass of PETG material—the most commonly used for orthodontic retainers. A total of 96 specimens were exposed to thermocycling and brushing with three different kinds of toothbrushes depending on the number and thickness of the bristles. Surface roughness and mass were evaluated three times: initially, after thermocycling, and after brushing. In all four brands, both thermocycling and brushing increased surface roughness significantly (p < 0.001), with Biolon having the lowest and Track A having the highest. In terms of brushing, only Biolon samples showed statistically significant increased roughness after brushing with all three types of brushes, in comparison to Erkodur A1, where differences were not statistically significant. Thermocycling increased the mass of all samples, but a statistically significant difference was found only in Biolon (p = 0.0203), while after brushing, decreased mass was found in all specimens, statistically significant only in Essix C+ (CS 1560: p = 0.016). PETG material showed instability when exposed to external influences- thermocycling produced an increase in roughness and mass, and brushing mostly caused an increase in roughness and decrease in mass. Erkodur A1 demonstrated the greatest stability, whereas Biolon demonstrated the lowest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women's Research in Dentistry)

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24 pages, 2296 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Aspects of Peri-Implantitis Disease: A Narrative Review

by Marek Chmielewski and Andrea Pilloni

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050134 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2750

Abstract

(1) Background: Peri-implantitis is a multi-factorial disease with an inflammatory background that occurs in both soft and hard tissues surrounding implants. In recent years, the understanding of the cellular, molecular and genetic background of peri-implantitis has broadened. This study aims to summarize the [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Peri-implantitis is a multi-factorial disease with an inflammatory background that occurs in both soft and hard tissues surrounding implants. In recent years, the understanding of the cellular, molecular and genetic background of peri-implantitis has broadened. This study aims to summarize the currently available articles on the subject and highlight the most recent advances over the last 20 years. (2) Methods: For this study, the Embase and PubMed libraries were searched using the keywords: (“peri-implantitis” AND “cytokine” OR “genetics” OR “cellular”) and (“peri-implantitis” AND “cytokine” OR “genetics” OR “cellular” AND “risk factors”). The search revealed a total of 3013 articles (992 from PubMed, 2021 from Embase). Following screening of the titles and abstracts and full-text reads, 55 articles were included. (3) Results: In peri-implantitis IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and their genetic variations appear to be the most important cytokines in relation to not only pathogenesis, but also their potential diagnostic capabilities. Epithelial and inflammatory cells, along with those of the bone lineage, are prime cellular elements found in peri-implantitis. (4) Conclusions: A wide array of cells stand behind peri-implantitis, as well as cytokines and their genetic variations that take part in the process. However, the growing interest in this topic has led to the introduction of specific new diagnostic tools to enable a better understanding of patients’ responses to treatment and, in turn, to even enable prediction of the risk of developing peri-implant disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oral Hygiene, Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases)

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15 pages, 2939 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determination of a Representative and 3D-Printable Root Canal Geometry for Endodontic Investigations and Pre-Clinical Endodontic Training—An Ex Vivo Study

by Michael Kucher, Martin Dannemann, Niels Modler, Robert Böhm, Christian Hannig and Marie-Theres Kühne

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050133 - 15 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1553

Abstract

Models of artificial root canals are used in several fields of endodontic investigations and pre-clinical endodontic training. They allow the physical testing of dental treatments, the operating of instruments used and the interaction between these instruments and the tissues. Currently, a large number [...] Read more.

Models of artificial root canals are used in several fields of endodontic investigations and pre-clinical endodontic training. They allow the physical testing of dental treatments, the operating of instruments used and the interaction between these instruments and the tissues. Currently, a large number of different artificial root canal models exist whose geometry is created either on the basis of selected natural root canal systems or to represent individual geometrical properties. Currently, only a few geometric properties such as the root canal curvature or the endodontic working width are taken into consideration when generating these models. To improve the representational capability of the artificial root canal models, the aim of the current study is therefore to generate an artificial root canal based on the statistical evaluation of selected natural root canals. Here, the approach introduced by Kucher for determining the geometry of a root canal model is used, which is based on the measurement and statistical evaluation of the root canal center line’s curvatures and their cross-sectional dimensions. Using the example of unbranched distal root canals of mandibular molars (

n

= 29), an artificial root canal model representing the mean length, curvature, torsion and cross-sectional dimensions of these teeth could be derived. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Endodontics)

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18 pages, 629 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oral Manifestations in Monkeypox: A Scoping Review on Implications for Oral Health

by Asmaa Wajeeh Issa, Nada Fayyad Alkhofash, Divya Gopinath and Sudhir Rama Varma

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050132 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2272

Abstract

Background: The monkeypox outbreak in 2022 caused concern in the public. Infected patients usually present prodromal symptoms, such as lesions on their skin and mucous membranes, including the oral cavity. The current study aims to review the most common oral/perioral manifestations reported to [...] Read more.

Background: The monkeypox outbreak in 2022 caused concern in the public. Infected patients usually present prodromal symptoms, such as lesions on their skin and mucous membranes, including the oral cavity. The current study aims to review the most common oral/perioral manifestations reported to date. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Research Gate, and Wiley Online Library databases, as well as in the Google search engine, using keywords related to the condition. Of the 56 publications identified, 30 were selected, including 27 case reports, two case series types, and one cross-sectional study published from 2003 to 2023 in endemic and non-endemic countries. Of the 54 patients in these studies, data on the oral symptoms and sites of monkeypox were interpreted from 47 patients. Results: Oral/perioral signs as one of the initial manifestations were reported in 23 out of 47 patients (48.93%). Out of the 47 patients with oral/perioral involvement, the most common signs/symptoms were sore throat, followed by ulcers, vesicles, dysphagia and odynophagia, and erythema. Conclusion: The most common oral symptom of monkeypox is sore throat, followed by ulcers. The symptoms usually occur in the pharynx/oropharynx, followed by the tonsils and tongue. Adequate knowledge about the characteristics of this virus and their association with the oral cavity is necessary, and could help oral health professionals to distinguish between different infections. Full article

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13 pages, 628 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effect of Third Molars on the Mandibular Anterior Crowding Relapse—A Systematic Review

by Ioannis Lyros, Georgios Vasoglou, Theodoros Lykogeorgos, Ioannis A. Tsolakis, Michael P. Maroulakos, Eleni Fora and Apostolos I. Tsolakis

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050131 - 9 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5544

Abstract

The present systematic review updates the evidence on wisdom teeth contributing to lower incisor crowding following orthodontic treatment. Relevant literature was searched on online databases, namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to December 2022. Eligibility criteria were formulated using the PICOS [...] Read more.

The present systematic review updates the evidence on wisdom teeth contributing to lower incisor crowding following orthodontic treatment. Relevant literature was searched on online databases, namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to December 2022. Eligibility criteria were formulated using the PICOS approach and PRISMA guidelines. Eligible research included original clinical studies involving patients previously being treated orthodontically with permanent dentition at the end of treatment, regardless of sex or age. The initial search yielded 605 citations. After considering eligibility criteria and removing duplicates, only 10 articles met the criteria for inclusion. The risk of bias of eligible studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Interventions tool. The majority were highly biased, mainly regarding allocation concealment, group similarity, and assessment blinding. The vast majority did not report statistically significant associations between the presence of third molars and crowding relapse. However, a minor effect has been suggested. Seemingly, there is no clear connection between mandibular third molars and incisor crowding after orthodontic treatment. The present review did not find adequate evidence to advocate preventative removal of the third molars for reasons of occlusal stability. Full article

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18 pages, 4390 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Time-Lapse In Situ 3D Imaging Analysis of Human Enamel Demineralisation Using X-ray Synchrotron Tomography

by Cyril Besnard, Ali Marie, Sisini Sasidharan, Robert A. Harper, Shashidhara Marathe, Jonathan Moffat, Richard M. Shelton, Gabriel Landini and Alexander M. Korsunsky

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050130 - 9 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2449

Abstract

Caries is a chronic disease that causes the alteration of the structure of dental tissues by acid dissolution (in enamel, dentine and cementum) and proteolytic degradation (dentine and cementum) and generates an important cost of care. There is a need to visualise and [...] Read more.

Caries is a chronic disease that causes the alteration of the structure of dental tissues by acid dissolution (in enamel, dentine and cementum) and proteolytic degradation (dentine and cementum) and generates an important cost of care. There is a need to visualise and characterise the acid dissolution process on enamel due to its hierarchical structure leading to complex structural modifications. The process starts at the enamel surface and progresses into depth, which necessitates the study of the internal enamel structure. Artificial demineralisation is usually employed to simulate the process experimentally. In the present study, the demineralisation of human enamel was studied using surface analysis carried out with atomic force microscopy as well as 3D internal analysis using synchrotron X-ray tomography during acid exposure with repeated scans to generate a time-lapse visualisation sequence. Two-dimensional analysis from projections and virtual slices and 3D analysis of the enamel mass provided details of tissue changes at the level of the rods and inter-rod substance. In addition to the visualisation of structural modifications, the rate of dissolution was determined, which demonstrated the feasibility and usefulness of these techniques. The temporal analysis of enamel demineralisation is not limited to dissolution and can be applied to other experimental conditions for the analysis of treated enamel or remineralisation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Regenerative Dentistry and Biomaterials)

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12 pages, 2573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wnt Signaling Activation in Gingival Epithelial Cells and Macrophages of Experimental Periodontitis

by Ying Chen and Yang Hu

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050129 - 9 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1881

Abstract

Objective: Wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling plays critical roles in maintaining environmental homeostasis and is also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, its role in macrophages during periodontitis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the interaction between Wnt [...] Read more.

Objective: Wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling plays critical roles in maintaining environmental homeostasis and is also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, its role in macrophages during periodontitis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the interaction between Wnt signaling and macrophages in the context of periodontitis. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced in C57/BL6 mice using a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g)-associated ligature for 14 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), the stabilization of β-catenin, and the macrophage marker F4/80 in the periodontal tissues. The effect of Wnt signaling on TNF-α was examined using Western blot analysis in Raw 264.7 murine macrophages stimulated by Wnt3a-conditioned medium, with or without Wnt3a antibody neutralization, and compared with primary cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs). The effect of P.g lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Wnt signaling was assessed by analyzing key components of the Wnt signaling pathway, including the activity of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 6 and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in GEC and Raw 264.7 cells. Results: Over-expressions of TNF-α and activated β-catenin were presented in the macrophages in the gingiva from mice with P.g-associated ligature-induced periodontitis. The expression patterns of TNF-α and activated β-catenin were consistent with the expression of F4/80. In Raw 264.7 cells, activation of the Wnt signaling pathway led to an increase in TNF-α, but this effect was not observed in GEC. Additionally, treatment with LPS induced β-catenin accumulation and LRP6 activation in Raw 264.7 cells, which were blocked by the addition of Dickkopf-1(DKK1). Conclusions: Wnt signaling was aberrantly activated in the macrophages in experimental periodontitis. The activation of Wnt signaling in the macrophages may play a pro-inflammatory role in periodontitis. Targeting specific signaling pathways, such as the Wnt pathway, may hold promise for developing novel therapeutic interventions for periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Diagnostics in Oral Diseases: Volume II)

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19 pages, 3707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Sterilization Affect the Performance of Single-Step Resin Composite Polishers?

by Christina Papadopoulou, Maria Anagnostou, Konstantinos Masouras, Vasileios Margaritis and Charikleia Paximada

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050128 - 8 May 2023

Viewed by 1480

Abstract

(1) Background: Single-step polishers are used extensively for resin-composite polishing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sterilization on their performance. (2) Methods: Optrapol Next Generation/Ivoclar-Vivadent, Jazz Supreme/SS White, Optishine Brush/Kerr and Jiffy Polishing Brush/Ultradent were used for polishing [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Single-step polishers are used extensively for resin-composite polishing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sterilization on their performance. (2) Methods: Optrapol Next Generation/Ivoclar-Vivadent, Jazz Supreme/SS White, Optishine Brush/Kerr and Jiffy Polishing Brush/Ultradent were used for polishing a nanohybrid resin composite (IPS Empress Direct/Ivoclar-Vivadent). Polishers (n = 40) were microscopically inspected before use. After polishing, surface roughness (Sa, Sz, Sdr, Sci) and gloss were determined. Polishers were subsequently sterilized and microscopically re-examined. The process was repeated four times on new samples (n = 200). Data were analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon post hoc test, at α = 0.05. (3) Results: Optrapol’s performance improved after the first sterilization for Sa and gloss, whereas it declined after the fourth sterilization for Sa. Jazz’s, improved after the second sterilization for Sa and gloss and after the third sterilization for Sdr. An improvement trend was observed for Optishine after the first sterilization, but not statistically significant. Sa, Sz, and gloss declined after the fourth sterilization. Jiffy’s performance was inconsistent, with a trend of performance loss after the fourth sterilization. (4) Conclusions: Performance of all polishing systems improved after the initial sterilization, but deteriorated after the fourth sterilization cycle. However, their performance can be considered clinically acceptable for a longer period of use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Restorative Dentistry and Traumatology)

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9 pages, 1489 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw with Photobiomodulation and Minimal Surgical Intervention

by Marwan El Mobadder, Zuzanna Grzech-Lesniak, Wassim El Mobadder, Mohamad Rifai, Maher Ghandour and Samir Nammour

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050127 - 8 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2467

Abstract

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively common pathology occurring in around 5% of patients taking bisphosphate and other antiresorptive or anti-angiogenic medications. Despite the efforts, as of today there is still no consensus on its management. In this case report, [...] Read more.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively common pathology occurring in around 5% of patients taking bisphosphate and other antiresorptive or anti-angiogenic medications. Despite the efforts, as of today there is still no consensus on its management. In this case report, the successful management of stage II MRONJ was performed for an eighty-three-year-old female patient suffering from pain and alteration in her normal oral functions (swallowing and phonation). The treatment consisted of three sessions of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM), followed by minimal surgical intervention and three other sessions of PBM. PBM was applied on the sites of osteonecrosis with the follow parameters: 4 J/cm²; a power of 50 mW; 8 mm applicator diameter; a continuous contact mode. Irradiation was performed on three points, including the vestibular, occlusal and lingual parts of each of the bone exposure areas. Each point was irradiated for 40 s, and, in total, nine points were made per session, and nine sessions were conducted. To assess the pain, a visual analogue scale was used in which zero represented no pain at all and ten represented the greatest pain. At the first session and before any intervention, the patient stated that her pain was 8 out of 10. At the end of the treatment, a significant reduction in VAS was noted (2/10) and, clinically, a healing of the soft tissue in the previously exposed bone was observed. This case report suggests that the combination of PBM with surgical intervention is promising in the management of MRONJ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Medical and Dental Care, Photobiomodulation and Photomedicine)

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12 pages, 2898 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders: 3D-Printed Splints from Planning to Evaluation

by Andrea Somogyi, Dániel Végh, Ivett Róth, Tamás Hegedüs, Péter Schmidt, Péter Hermann and Zoltán Géczi

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050126 - 8 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4924

Abstract

Introduction: This article describes the authors’ digital workflow-based method for fabricating intraoral occlusal splints, from planning to the evaluation phase. Materials and Methods: In our protocol, first, we had a registration phase. This included taking digital impressions, determining the centric relation (CR) position [...] Read more.

Introduction: This article describes the authors’ digital workflow-based method for fabricating intraoral occlusal splints, from planning to the evaluation phase. Materials and Methods: In our protocol, first, we had a registration phase. This included taking digital impressions, determining the centric relation (CR) position with the deprogrammer Luci Jig, and using the digital facebow for measuring the individual values. The laboratory phase was next, which included planning and manufacturing with a 3D printer. The last phase was delivery, when we checked the stability of the splint and adjusted the occlusal part. Result: The average cost is lower for a fully digital splint than for conventional methods. In terms of time, there was also a significant difference between the classic and digital routes. From a dental technical point of view, the execution was much more predictable. The printed material was very rigid and, therefore, fragile. Compared to the analog method, the retention was much weaker. Conclusion: The presented method permits time-efficient laboratory production, and may also be performed chairside in a dental office. The technology is perfectly applicable to everyday life. In addition to its many beneficial properties, its negative properties must also be highlighted. Full article

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13 pages, 260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Attitudes and Perceptions in Students about the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry

by Milan Karan-Romero, Rodrigo Ernesto Salazar-Gamarra and Ximena Alejandra Leon-Rios

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050125 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4345

Abstract

Background: The implementation of artificial intelligence brings with it a great change in health care, however, there is a discrepancy about the perceptions and attitudes that dental students present towards these new technologies. Methods: The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A [...] Read more.

Background: The implementation of artificial intelligence brings with it a great change in health care, however, there is a discrepancy about the perceptions and attitudes that dental students present towards these new technologies. Methods: The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A total of 200 dental students who met the inclusion criteria were surveyed online. For the qualitative variables, descriptive statistical measures were obtained, such as absolute and relative frequencies. For the comparison of the main variables with the type of educational institution, sex and level of education, the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used according to the established assumptions with a level of statistical significance of p < 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. Results: The results indicated that 86% of the students surveyed agreed that artificial intelligence will lead to great advances in dentistry. However, 45% of the participants disagreed that artificial intelligence would replace dentists in the future. In addition, the respondents agreed that the use of artificial intelligence should be part of undergraduate and postgraduate studies with 67% and 72% agreement rates respectively. Conclusion: The attitudes and perceptions of the students indicate that 86% agreed that artificial intelligence will lead to great advances in dentistry. This suggests a bright future for the relationship between dentists and artificial intelligence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Dentistry)

9 pages, 1236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Dentinal Thickness and Remaining Dentine Volume around Root Canals Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning

by Svetlana Razumova, Anzhela Brago, Haydar Barakat, Dimitriy Serebrov, Zoya Guryeva, Gleb S. Parshin and Vasiliy I. Troitskiy

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050124 - 4 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2761

Abstract

Background: The remaining dentinal thickness is a significant factor to deal with when planning post-endodontic treatment. Aim: To assess the changes in the root canal dentinal thickness of intact and endodontically treated teeth using CBCT scans in the coronal, middle, and apical third [...] Read more.

Background: The remaining dentinal thickness is a significant factor to deal with when planning post-endodontic treatment. Aim: To assess the changes in the root canal dentinal thickness of intact and endodontically treated teeth using CBCT scans in the coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canal. Material and methods: Three hundred CBCT scans for three age groups were analyzed to study the dentinal thickness pre- and post-endodontic treatment. The dentinal thickness (DT) was measured along the buccal, mesial, distal, and lingual/palatal walls from the inner surface of the root canal to the outer surface in mm. Statistical analysis was set at 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that the buccal, palatal, distal, and mesial dentinal thickness in intact and endodontically treated teeth is different. The differences were statistically significant when comparing the parameters of “healthy” and “treated” teeth (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in indicators associated with age (p > 0.05). In the coronal third of the root canal, the least amount of dentin tissue lost was 4.2% for mandibular canines. Conclusions: The dentinal thickness in the coronal and middle third of the root decreases significantly more than the apical third. The most loss of dentine volume was among molar teeth, and the remaining dentinal thickness was less than 1 mm, which would increase the risk of complication while preparing the canal for a post. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endodontics and Restorative Sciences)

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12 pages, 3192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accuracy of Zygomatic Implant Placement Using a Full Digital Planning and Custom-Made Bone-Supported Guide: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

by Francesco Gallo, Francesco Zingari, Alessandro Bolzoni, Selene Barone and Amerigo Giudice

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050123 - 4 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2188

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of zygomatic implant placement using customized bone-supported laser-sintered titanium templates. Pre-surgical computed tomography (CT) scans allowed to develop the ideal virtual planning for each patient. Direct metal laser-sintering was used to create the [...] Read more.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of zygomatic implant placement using customized bone-supported laser-sintered titanium templates. Pre-surgical computed tomography (CT) scans allowed to develop the ideal virtual planning for each patient. Direct metal laser-sintering was used to create the surgical guides for the implant placement. Post-operative CT scans were taken 6 months after surgery to assess any differences between the planned and placed zygomatic implants. Qualitative and quantitative three-dimensional analyses were performed with the software Slicer3D, recording linear and angular displacements after the surface registration of the planned and placed models of each implant. A total of 59 zygomatic implants were analyzed. Apical displacement showed a mean movement of 0.57 ± 0.49 mm on the X-axis, 1.1 ± 0.6 mm on the Y-axis, and 1.15 ± 0.69 mm on the Z-axis for the anterior implant, with a linear displacement of 0.51 ± 0.51 mm on the X-axis, 1.48 ± 0.9 mm on the Y-axis, and 1.34 ± 0.9 mm on the Z-axis for the posterior implant. The basal displacement showed a mean movement of 0.33 ± 0.25 mm on the X-axis, 0.66 ± 0.47 mm on the Y-axis, and 0.58 ± 0.4 mm on the Z-axis for the anterior implant, with a linear displacement of 0.39 ± 0.43 mm on the X-axis, 0.42 ± 0.35 mm on the Y-axis, and 0.66 ± 0.4 mm on the Z-axis for the posterior implant. The angular displacements recorded significative differences between the anterior implants (yaw: 0.56 ± 0.46°; pitch: 0.52 ± 0.45°; roll: 0.57 ± 0.44°) and posterior implants (yaw: 1.3 ± 0.8°; pitch: 1.3 ± 0.78°; roll: 1.28 ± 1.1°) (p < 0.05). Fully guided surgery showed good accuracy for zygomatic implant placement and it should be considered in the decision-making process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Implantology and Rehabilitation)

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11 pages, 1044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pre-Chemotherapy Dental Screening: Is There Additional Diagnostic Value for a Panoramic Radiograph?

by Judith A. E. M. Zecha, Alexa M. G. A. Laheij, Judith E. Raber-Durlacher, Anneke M. Westermann, Jan de Lange and Ludwig E. Smeele

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050122 - 4 May 2023

Viewed by 2002

Abstract

Background: The oral cavity is a potential source of infectious complications in patients treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy (CT). Pre-chemotherapy oral examination to identify foci of infection is recommended, but it is unclear whether this should include panoramic radiography. The present study aimed to [...] Read more.

Background: The oral cavity is a potential source of infectious complications in patients treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy (CT). Pre-chemotherapy oral examination to identify foci of infection is recommended, but it is unclear whether this should include panoramic radiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the additional diagnostic merit of panoramic radiography as part of pre-CT oral screening. Methods: Patients with solid tumors scheduled to receive a myelosuppressive CT were eligible. The foci definition followed the guidelines of the Dutch Association of Maxillofacial Surgery. Oral foci assessed by clinical evaluation and panoramic radiography were compared. Results: In 33 out of 93 patients (35.5%), one or more foci were identified by clinical examination, whereas in 49.5% of patients, panoramic radiography showed pathology. In 19 patients, an oral focus was missed by clinical examination only, whereas in 11 patients, panoramic radiography indicated periodontal bone loss, but advanced periodontitis was not substantiated by clinical examination. Conclusions: Panoramic radiographs complement clinical examinations and have additional diagnostic value. Nevertheless, the additional merit seems small, and the clinical relevance may vary depending on the anticipated risk of developing oral complications and the need for detailed diagnosis and rigorous elimination of oral foci prior to the start of cancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Medical and Dental Care, Photobiomodulation and Photomedicine)

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20 pages, 9404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Two Configurations of Hydroxyapatite and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Sinus Grafts with Simultaneous Implant Installation: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

by Ricardo Garcia Mureb Jacob, Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva, Liat Chaushu, Niklaus Peter Lang, Ciro Borges Duailibe de Deus, Daniele Botticelli and Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050121 - 4 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2456

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate peri-implant bone formation in rabbits after sinus grafting mediated by hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA + β-TCP) in granule or paste configurations, concomitant with immediate implant installation. Material & methods: Thirty-four rabbit maxillary sinuses were grafted with [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate peri-implant bone formation in rabbits after sinus grafting mediated by hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA + β-TCP) in granule or paste configurations, concomitant with immediate implant installation. Material & methods: Thirty-four rabbit maxillary sinuses were grafted with HA + β-TCP, half of which were applied in a granule and half in a paste composition. Implant placement was performed simultaneously. At 7 and 40 days postoperatively, the animals were euthanized, and samples were prepared for tomographic, microtomographic, histological, histometric (hematoxylin and eosin staining, HE), and immunohistochemical (labeling of transcription factor Runx-2 [RUNX2], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], osteocalcin [OCN], and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) analysis. Implant removal torque was also measured. Results: On tomography, maintenance of sinus membrane integrity was observed in both the groups. Higher values of morphometric parameters evaluated by micro-CT were found in the “paste group” after seven days. At 40 days, there were no significant differences between the groups in most of the microtomographic parameters evaluated. In histological sections stained with HE, a higher percentage of newly formed bone was observed in the “granule group” after 40 days. Similar positive immunolabeling was observed for both RUNX2 and OCN in both the experimental groups. TRAP immunolabeling was similar in both groups as well. VEGF labeling increased in the “granule group”, indicating a higher osteoconductive potential in this biomaterial. Similar removal torque values were observed in both groups. Thus, the two HA + β-TCP configurations showed similar healing patterns of simultaneously installed implants adjacent to sinus floor elevation. However, significantly higher bone values were observed for the “granule configuration”. Conclusions: The HA + β-TCP granules and paste presentations showed favorable long-term healing results, with bone formation in similar quantities and quality adjacent to the implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Implantology and Rehabilitation)

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14 pages, 2619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Study of the Biological and Physical Properties of Dual-Cure Resin-Modified Calcium Silicate-Based Cement

by Minjung Kim, Sung-Hoon Lee and Dong-Hoon Shin

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050120 - 4 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1925

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the biological and mechanical properties of a novel dual-cure, resin-modified calcium silicate material, Theracal PT^® (TP), with those of Theracal LC^® (TL) and Biodentine^TM (BD). Methods: The cell counting kit-8 [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the biological and mechanical properties of a novel dual-cure, resin-modified calcium silicate material, Theracal PT^® (TP), with those of Theracal LC^® (TL) and Biodentine^TM (BD). Methods: The cell counting kit-8 was used on human dental pulp cells to test cell the viability of the three materials. Antibacterial activity of TP, TL, and BD against Enterococcus faecalis was investigated under anaerobic conditions. The ability of the materials to support odontogenic differentiation was studied by examining the relative gene expression of osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and Collagen I (ColI) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. For mechanical property tests, microhardness was evaluated using the Vickers microhardness (VHN) test, and the bond strength to the resin was evaluated using a shear bond test machine. Results: There was no significant difference in cell viability between TL and TP after 48 h, and BD showed the highest cell viability, while TP showed the highest antibacterial effect. At the 12-h time point, there was no significant difference in ColI and OCN expression between BD and TP, but TP showed a higher expression of OPN than BD. However, at the 48-h time point, ColI and OCN showed higher levels of expression for BD than for TP and TL. At the same time point, only OPN had a higher diffusion for TP than for BD. TP demonstrated a VHN of approximately 30–35. This value was higher than that of TL and lower than that of BD. In contrast to VHN, the shear bond strength to resin was significantly higher for TL and TP than for BD. Conclusion: TP showed lower biocompatibility than BD but higher OPN expression and antibacterial effects than BD and TL. TP showed higher shear bond strength than BD and higher VHN than TL and BD at the 24-h time point. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials Design and Innovative Treatment Approach)

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13 pages, 2213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge and Attitude towards Probiotics among Dental Students and Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Survey

by Ksenia Babina, Dilara Salikhova, Maria Polyakova, Alexandr Zaytsev, Anna Egiazaryan and Nina Novozhilova

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050119 - 2 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2551

Abstract

This cross-sectional survey assessed the knowledge of and the attitude towards probiotics of dental students and academics at Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. Our questionnaire consisted of 15 questions divided into 3 sections: respondents’ sociodemographic data, knowledge on probiotics, and attitude towards probiotics. The [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional survey assessed the knowledge of and the attitude towards probiotics of dental students and academics at Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. Our questionnaire consisted of 15 questions divided into 3 sections: respondents’ sociodemographic data, knowledge on probiotics, and attitude towards probiotics. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Out of the 658 questionnaires distributed, a total of 239 questionnaires were completed by the undergraduates, yielding a response rate of 39.6%, and 54 by the teaching staff (response rate = 100%). Most students (53.6%) and teachers (55.5%) had a fair knowledge of probiotics (p = 0.3135). A vast majority of dental students (97.9%) and all teachers had a positive attitude towards probiotics, with higher mean scores among academics (p < 0.001). A positive weak correlation was found between knowledge and attitude (Spearman r = 0.17, p = 0.0027). The results obtained reveal the need for more evidence-based educational trainings for university teachers and a course on probiotics to be included in the curriculum for dental students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbiology and Related Research)

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18 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ethical Dilemmas for Dental Students in Greece

by Maria Antoniadou, Evangelia Masoura, Marina Devetziadou and Christos Rahiotis

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050118 - 2 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2932

Abstract

Professional dental ethics for students are based on promoting oral health for dental patients and reinforcing an anthropocentric approach to communication and dental services. A total of 133 dental students (males 33.8% N1 = 46, females 66.2% N2 = 87) completed the study [...] Read more.

Professional dental ethics for students are based on promoting oral health for dental patients and reinforcing an anthropocentric approach to communication and dental services. A total of 133 dental students (males 33.8% N1 = 46, females 66.2% N2 = 87) completed the study questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied, and non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests were used (p < 0.05). Students refuse services to patients that misbehave (37.6%), have irrational demands (18%), and when clinical cases exceed their capabilities (36.8%). Of the participants, 50.4% want to waive confidentiality when abuse is declared. Ethical role models are educators (33.8%), other qualified dentists (25.6%), and their parents (21.8%). Female gender positively affects integrity (p = 0.046), altruism (p = 0.032), and difficulty in conversations among colleagues (p = 0.036). Students outside the capital are less interested in esthetic issues (p = 0.007), in giving more than one treatment plan (p = 0.006), and in being confronted with inadequate treatments from other colleagues (p = 0.005). Family income positively affects clinical skills (p = 0.003), trust issues (p = 0.008), and moral insight and intuition (p = 0.02). Presentation with clinical scenarios is the preferred educational method (49.6%). Dental students show compassion for poor patients, respect patients’ autonomy, and guide patients to choose the best treatment plan before receiving dental ethics seminars. There is a positive relationship between the ethical footprints of students and gender, origin, family income, postgraduate studies, and future professional plans. Factors and ways to incorporate ethics in the dental curriculum could be considered when planning relevant courses. Full article

10 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessProtocol

An International Investigation of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (iMIH) and Its Association with Dental Anomalies: Development of a Protocol

by Helen D. Rodd, Hani Nazzal, Clarissa Calil Bonifacio, Choe Wei Ruth, Felicity Crombie, Osama El Shahawy, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Karla Gambetta-Tessini, Ashima Goyal, Noren Hasmun, Ahmad I. Issa, Suhad Jundi, David J. Manton, Srinivasan Narasimhan, Samah Omar, Susan Parekh, Bamidele O Popoola, Mihiri Silva, Greig Taylor and Yang Qiyue Naomi

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050117 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2748

Abstract

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common disorder of tooth development, which has recently been found to be associated with a higher prevalence of hypodontia. The aim of this international multicentre study is to determine the association between MIH and other developmental [...] Read more.

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common disorder of tooth development, which has recently been found to be associated with a higher prevalence of hypodontia. The aim of this international multicentre study is to determine the association between MIH and other developmental anomalies in different populations. Methods: Investigators were trained and calibrated for the assessment of MIH and dental anomalies and ethical approvals obtained in each participating country. The study aimed to recruit 584 children with MIH and 584 children without MIH. Patients aged 7–16 years who attend specialist clinics will be invited to participate. Children will undergo a clinical examination to determine the presence and severity of MIH, using an established index. The presence of any other anomalies, affecting tooth number, morphology, or position, will be documented. Panoramic radiographs will be assessed for dental anomalies and the presence of third permanent molars. Statistical analysis, using a chi squared test and regression analysis, will be performed to determine any differences in dental anomaly prevalence between the MIH and non-MIH group and to determine any association between dental anomalies and patient characteristics. Conclusion: This large-scale study has the potential to improve understanding about MIH with benefits for patient management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health Care in Paediatric Dentistry Volume 2)

11 pages, 14150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Periodontal Cementum Ablation Depth during Root Planing by an Er:YAG Laser at Different Energy Densities: An Ex Vivo Study

by Paul Nahas, Saad Houeis, Remi Chamboredon, Daniel Heysselaer, Toni Zeinoun and Samir Nammour

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050116 - 27 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1910

Abstract

Introduction: An important and non-adapted delivered energy of Er:YAG laser can eliminate the total thickness of root cementum during root planing. Conversely, the preservation of a partial layer of cementum covering the roots is vital for any periodontal ligament regeneration. Thus, the assessment [...] Read more.

Introduction: An important and non-adapted delivered energy of Er:YAG laser can eliminate the total thickness of root cementum during root planing. Conversely, the preservation of a partial layer of cementum covering the roots is vital for any periodontal ligament regeneration. Thus, the assessment of the cementum ablation depth produced by each energy density of Er:YAG laser is essential before considering its use for the periodontal planing and treatment of the cementum and root surfaces. Aim of the study: Assessment of the cementum ablation depth at different energy densities of the Er:YAG laser is the aim of this study. Materials and methods: A total of 48 human caries free molars were collected and used in this study. Areas to be irradiated were delimited by two longitudinal grooves (0.5 mm depth). Roots were divided randomly into four groups (4 × n = 12). An Er:YAG laser (2.94 µm) was used with a side-firing tip (R600T) with a 600 µm diameter and a frequency of 20 Hz combined with a cooling system of air 6 mL/min and water 4 mL/min. We used a super short pulse mode (SSP: pulse duration: 50 μs). We used a single irradiation passage backward from apex to cervical parts at 1 mm/s with a slight contact and at an angle of 15° to 30° between the tip and the root surface. Different energies were selected: 30 mJ, 40 mJ, 50 mJ, and 60 mJ. Results: Microscopic observations showed that the average of the ablation depth increased with the increase of the delivered energy from 30 mJ to 60 mJ. Mean values of the ablation depths were respectively as follows: 43.75 ± 4.89 µm for the energy of 30 mJ, 50.05 ± 3.72 µm for 40 mJ, 65.56 ± 10.35 µm for 50 mJ, and 74.80 ± 15.23 µm for 60 mJ. A statistically significant difference existed between the ablation depth of all groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, the depth of cementum debridement is related to the level of the delivered energy. The lowest energy levels (30 mJ and 40 mJ) can ablate the root cementum surface for a variable depth from 43.75 ± 4.89 μm to 50.05 ± 3.72 μm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Medical and Dental Care, Photobiomodulation and Photomedicine)

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13 pages, 3020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Comparison of Conventional and 3D-Printed Laboratory Models of Maxillary Defects

by Ahmad Alanezi, May Aljanahi, Keyvan Moharamzadeh, Ahmed Ghoneima, Abdel Rahman Tawfik, Amar Hassan Khamis and Moosa Abuzayeda

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050115 - 27 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3591

Abstract

Background: Recording accurate impressions from maxillary defects is a critical and challenging stage in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients following maxillectomy surgery. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize conventional and 3D-printed laboratory models of maxillary defects and to compare [...] Read more.

Background: Recording accurate impressions from maxillary defects is a critical and challenging stage in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients following maxillectomy surgery. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize conventional and 3D-printed laboratory models of maxillary defects and to compare conventional and digital impression techniques using these models. Methods: Six different types of maxillary defect models were fabricated. A central palatal defect model was used to compare conventional silicon impressions with digital intra-oral scanning in terms of dimensional accuracy and total time taken to record the defect and produce a laboratory analogue. Results: Digital workflow produced different results than the conventional technique in terms of defect size measurements which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The time taken to record the arch and the defect using an intra-oral scanner was significantly less compared with the traditional impression method. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques in terms of the total time taken to fabricate a maxillary central defect model (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The laboratory models of different maxillary defects developed in this study have the potential to be used to compare conventional and digital workflow in prosthetic treatment procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry Journal: 10th Anniversary)

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12 pages, 923 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dental Pulp Response to Silver-Containing Solutions: A Scoping Review

by Ahmed Zaeneldin, Chun-Hung Chu and Ollie Yiru Yu

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050114 - 26 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2417

Abstract

Dentists used silver-containing solutions for deep cavity disinfection before restoration. This review aims to identify the silver-containing solutions reported in the literature for deep cavity disinfection and summarize their effects on dental pulp. An extensive search was performed using the search words “(silver) [...] Read more.

Dentists used silver-containing solutions for deep cavity disinfection before restoration. This review aims to identify the silver-containing solutions reported in the literature for deep cavity disinfection and summarize their effects on dental pulp. An extensive search was performed using the search words “(silver) AND (dental pulp OR pulp)” in ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science to identify English publications on silver-containing solutions for cavity conditioning. The pulpal response to the included silver-containing solutions was summarized. The initial search identified 4112 publications and 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. Silver fluoride, silver nitrate, silver diamine nitrate, silver diamine fluoride, and nano-silver fluoride were used in deep cavities for antimicrobial purposes. Indirect silver fluoride application induced pulp inflammation and reparative dentine in most cases, and pulp necrosis in some cases. Direct silver nitrate application caused blood clots and a wide inflammatory band in the pulp, whilst indirect silver nitrate application caused hypoplasia in shallow cavities and partial pulp necrosis in deep cavities. Direct silver diamine fluoride application induced pulp necrosis, while indirect silver diamine fluoride application induced a mild inflammatory response and reparative dentine formation. No evidence of the dental pulpal response to silver diamine nitrate or nano-silver fluoride was available in the literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dentistry)

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23 pages, 3998 KiB

Open AccessReview

Drugs Prescribed for Asthma and Their Adverse Effects on Dental Health

by Edisson-Mauricio Pacheco-Quito, Jessica Jaramillo, Jéssica Sarmiento-Ordoñez and Katherine Cuenca-León

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050113 - 26 Apr 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8465

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous respiratory pathology characterized by reversible airway inflammation. Therapeutics focus on symptom reduction and control, aimed at preserving normal pulmonary function and inducing bronchodilatation. The objective of this review is to describe the adverse effects produced by anti-asthmatic drugs [...] Read more.

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous respiratory pathology characterized by reversible airway inflammation. Therapeutics focus on symptom reduction and control, aimed at preserving normal pulmonary function and inducing bronchodilatation. The objective of this review is to describe the adverse effects produced by anti-asthmatic drugs on dental health, according to the reported scientific evidence. A bibliographic review was carried out on databases, such as Web of science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Most anti-asthmatic medications are administered using inhalers or nebulizers, making it impossible to avoid contact of the drug with hard dental tissues and oral mucosa, and thus promoting a greater risk of oral alterations, mainly due to decreases in the salivary flow and pH. Such changes can cause diseases, such as dental caries, dental erosion, tooth loss, periodontal disease, bone resorption, as well as fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oral Hygiene, Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases)

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10 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Efficacy of Periodontal Endoscopy during Subgingival Debridement to Treat Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

by Carlos M. Ardila and Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050112 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2533

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy (PEND) during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. The search strategy included four databases: PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Scielo. The initial [...] Read more.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy (PEND) during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. The search strategy included four databases: PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Scielo. The initial online exploration generated 228 reports, and 3 RCTs met the selection criteria. These RCTs described a statistically significant decrease in probing depth (PD) in the PEND group compared to controls after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The improvement in PD was 2.5 mm for PEND and 1.8 mm for the control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). It was also described that the PEND group presented a significantly inferior proportion of PD 7 to 9 mm at 12 months (0.5%) as compared to the control group (1.84%) (p = 0.03). All RCTs noted improvements in clinical attachment level (CAL). It was described as having significant differences in bleeding on probing (BOP) in favor of PEND, with an average reduction of 43% versus 21% in the control groups. Similarly, it was also presented that they were significant differences in plaque indices in favor of PEND. PEND during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis demonstrated efficacy in reducing PD. Improvement was also observed in CAL and BOP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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16 pages, 1713 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Etiological Factors of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by María Lilia A. Juárez-López, Leslie Vanessa Salazar-Treto, Beatriz Hernández-Monjaraz and Nelly Molina-Frechero

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050111 - 24 Apr 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5964

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of the dental enamel that predominantly affects first molars and permanent incisors. Identifying the significant risk factors associated with MIH occurrence is essential for the implementation of prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was [...] Read more.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of the dental enamel that predominantly affects first molars and permanent incisors. Identifying the significant risk factors associated with MIH occurrence is essential for the implementation of prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the etiological factors associated with MIH. A literature search was carried out from six databases until 2022; it covered pre-, peri-, and postnatal etiological factors. The PECOS strategy, PRISMA criteria, and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used, and 40 publications were selected for qualitative analysis as well as 25 for meta-analysis. Our results revealed an association between a history of illness during pregnancy (OR 4.03 (95% CI, 1.33–12.16), p = 0.01) and low weight at birth (OR 1.23 (95% CI, 1.10–1.38), p = 0.0005). Furthermore, general illness in childhood (OR 4.06 (95% CI, 2.03–8.11), p = 0.0001), antibiotic use (OR 1.76 (95% CI, 1.31–2.37), p = 0.0002), and high fever during early childhood (OR 1.48 (95% CI, 1.18–1.84), p = 0.0005) were associated with MIH. In conclusion, the etiology of MIH was found to be multifactorial. Children with health disorders in the first years of life and those whose mothers underwent illnesses during pregnancy might be more susceptible to MIH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 859 KiB

Open AccessArticle

One-Step Surface-Treatment Reagent (35% 3-O-Ethyl-l-ascorbic Acid Plus 50% Citric Acid Solution) Restores the Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets Bonded to Bleached Human Enamel: An In Vitro Study

by Pichanee Saeoweiang, Thanit Charoenrat, Chanat Aonbangkhen, Pattraporn Chobpradit and Paiboon Techalertpaisarn

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050110 - 24 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2266

Abstract

This study investigates how a new substance, composed of ethyl ascorbic acid and citric acid, affects the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets when bonded to bleached teeth. Forty maxillary premolar teeth were used and randomly placed into four groups (n [...] Read more.

This study investigates how a new substance, composed of ethyl ascorbic acid and citric acid, affects the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets when bonded to bleached teeth. Forty maxillary premolar teeth were used and randomly placed into four groups (n = 10): the control group did not undergo bleaching; the remaining groups underwent bleached using 35% hydrogen peroxide. In group A, 37% phosphoric acid was applied after bleaching. In group B, 10% sodium ascorbate was used for ten minutes before 37% phosphoric acid. In group C, 35%3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid plus 50% citric acid solution (35EA/50CA) was applied for 5 min. The subgroups were bonded immediately after bleaching. The SBS was determined with a universal testing machine and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and then Tukey’s HSD tests. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with a chi-squared test. The significance level was 0.05. Group C demonstrated significantly higher SBS values than group A (p < 0.001), but was not significantly different than the control group or group C (p > 0.05). The ARI scores were significantly different among the groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, enamel surface treatment using 35EA/50CA improved the reduced SBS to an acceptable clinical level and reduced the clinical chair time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dental Materials)

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Dent. J., Volume 11, Issue 5 (May 2023) – 32 articles

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