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A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2022) | Viewed by 26536

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Dr. Liqiang Jiang

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School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: structural engineering; steel structures; testing technique; earthquake engineering; artificial intelligence methoduction
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Prof. Dr. Jihong Ye

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School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: structural engineering; fire engineering; steel structures; space structures

Prof. Dr. Wei Guo

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Guest Editor

National Engineering Laboratory of High Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Interests: prefabricated building construction; high speed highway systems; earthquake engineering; high-rise buildings; construction robot technology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The safety of engineering structures under natural hazards (e.g., earthquake, wind, fire and tsunami) is a subject of great interest to researchers, and is important for protecting human life and reducing economic losses. In the last few decades, with advancing knowledge and technology development on understanding and interpreting the mechanisms of natural hazards, new construction materials and new structural systems are being developed, and advanced computational and experimental methods, design methodologies and disaster mitigation technologies are being proposed for modern engineering structures.

This Special Issue is dedicated but not limited to current research on experimental, theoretical, computational and relevant research works on advanced methods in the design and disaster mitigation of engineering structures, including the following: analyzing and simulating natural hazards; damage assessment of engineering structures under natural hazards; modelling and applications of new construction materials for structural engineering; design methodologies of innovative structural components and systems; advanced testing and modelling technologies; maintenance, repair and retrofit of existing structures; vulnerability, risk and reliability assessment of engineering structures under earthquakes, winds, fires and tsunami; and advanced methods for the evaluation and design of resistance and resilience of structural systems.

Dr. Liqiang Jiang
Prof. Dr. Jihong Ye
Prof. Dr. Wei Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

structural engineering
natural hazard
disaster mitigation
construction material
structural design method
retrofit and repair
vulnerability and risk
damage assessment
performance-based design

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Related Special Issue

Advances in Testing and Computation Methods for Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures in Buildings (3 articles)

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Research

11 pages, 6794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on Load Path of a Latticed Shell Structure under Localized Fire Based on Member Sensitivity

by Jing Cui, Gang Hu, Yang Zhan and Rui Pang

Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111938 - 10 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1688

Abstract

Thermal expansion of a member can affect structural bearing capacity when one or more members are subjected to fire. To explore the developmental rule of member internal force in latticed shell structure, a computation method of member sensitivity is presented based on the alternate path method. Taking a K8 single-layer latticed shell structure as the analysis object, finite element models are established by ANSYS, applying temperature loads on radial and circumferent ribs, calculating the sensitivity of each member during heating, and exploring the rule of member sensitivity at different temperatures. It is revealed from the numerical results that when one member is in fire, member sensitivity is proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to the distance from the member subjected to fire. Taking the member sensitivity coefficient as an index, the internal force will be transmitted along the member with high sensitivity, the rule of load path and internal force redistribution is given when the latticed shell structure is under elevated temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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32 pages, 6232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fatigue Damage Mitigation for Welded Beam-to-Column Connections in Steel High-Rise Buildings Using Passive Vibration Control

by Zhao Fang, Jianshao Zhang, Fan Yang and Aiqun Li

Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1898; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111898 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1738

Abstract

To investigate the use of vibration control systems in fatigue damage mitigation for welded beam-to-column connections in steel high-rise buildings, cases of both a single connection under constant amplitude cyclic loading and multi-connections in a high-rise building under the stochastic wind, with and without the fluid viscous damper (VFD) and the tuned mass damper (TMD), are discussed respectively. The finite element analysis and the fatigue assessment are conducted so that the mitigation effect, the effect of technical parameters and the conditions of both high-cycle fatigue and low-cycle fatigue are all discussed. The results show that the VFD and the TMD systems are both effective in the mitigation of local fatigue damage along with the structural displacement for both cases. The VFD generally has a better mitigation effect than the TMD and it starts to take effect instantly with the external loading, but it causes a phase difference in structural responses, while the situation of the TMD is quite the opposite. The displacement and the local stress show similar and synchronous mitigation trends so that the damping systems can be designed based on either of them. The VFD should be designed with a smaller damping exponent and a larger damping coefficient in a braced installation form, while the TMD can be designed using the optimal parameters. The optimized VFD layout plan is that VFDs are placed between the two connections with large relative displacement and relative velocity on higher floors and these two connections with VFDs should be near to the targeted connection. The negative fatigue damage mitigation mainly stems from insufficient lateral support force so that the direct installation of VFDs may result in a negative fatigue damage mitigation effect in the connections with limited lateral support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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21 pages, 10951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Performance of Flat Steel Plate Shear Walls with Atmospheric Corrosion

by Xiaoming Ma, Yi Hu, Xinyuan Cheng, Liqiang Jiang, Yun Li and Hong Zheng

Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1881; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111881 - 4 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1808

Abstract

The seismic performance of four different kinds of steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) before and after corrosion are investigated in this paper, including flat steel plate shear walls (FSPSWs), SPSWs with vertical slots in the middle (VSSPSWs), SPSWs with orthogonal stiffeners (OSPSWs) and SPSWs with silts on both sides (BSPSWs). A numerical model that can be validated by existing quasi-static cyclic tests is developed by ABAQUS 6.13. The seismic performance of SPSWs under cyclic loading and atmospheric corrosion is investigated. The results show that (1) compared with FSPSWs, the ultimate shearing strength, initial stiffness, energy dissipation, and ductility of OSPSWs are significantly improved under cyclic loads when both VSSPSWs and BSPSWs are reduced in ultimate shearing strength and energy dissipation. (2) The performance of the FSPSW is most affected by atmospheric corrosion but setting stiffeners can significantly improve the hysteretic performance after corrosion. Meanwhile, the effect of the VSSPSW is better than that of the BSPSW in decreasing the ultimate shearing strength, although both decrease more tardily than that of the FSPSW. (3) The relationships between the ultimate shearing strength and corrosion time of SPSWs are fitted into four equations in this paper, which can be used in practical situations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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17 pages, 2410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Site Measurement Study on Mechanical Properties of SMW Piles of Building Structures in Sandy Soil Areas

by Qingjun Xian, Zhe Wang, Xiaosong Liu, Shaokui Ma and Zhaoran Xiao

Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101733 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1534

Abstract

SMW (soil mixing wall) piles have been widely used in soft soil areas such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Tianjin and so on, and they have many advantages, such as retaining the structures of foundation pits. In order to promote the application of SMW piles in sandy soil areas such as Henan province, SMW piles were used in a deep foundation pit project of a high-rise building in Zhengzhou. Three SMW piles in the middle area of the foundation pit were selected for site measurement to determine the mechanical properties of SMW piles in sandy soil areas. Several typical test sections were determined along the height of the pile. The vibrating string type of the reinforcement dynamometers were set on the H-shaped steel of each test section, and the stress distribution of the H-shaped steel along the depth of the pit was obtained via testing. The axial force, bending moment and shearing force of the H-shaped steel were further calculated, and the affecting factors and development laws of the internal force distribution of the H-shaped steel were analyzed in detail. The research shows that, at the stage of foundation pit excavation, the overall stress of H-shaped steel increases gradually. The axial force of H-shaped steel in an SMW pile is mainly affected by such factors as the weight of the H-shaped steel, the weight of the crown beam and the first support system, the weight of the breast beam and the second support system, and the frictional resistance of the cemented soil. The bending moment and shearing force of H-shaped steel are mainly affected by such factors as the lateral soil pressure and the concentrated forces of the two support systems. When the foundation pit was excavated to the base, the development of and changes in the law of internal force with regard to the H-shaped steel was analyzed. When the overall internal force of the H-shaped steel is at its maximum, the maximum absolute values in terms of the axial force, bending moment and shearing force are −481 KN, 371 KN·m and 123 KN. In the process of foundation pit excavation and backfilling, the point of contraflexure of the H-shaped steel moves down gradually, and the fixed end of corresponding SMW pile also moves down and stabilizes below the base. These results may provide a reference for the design and construction of SMW piles of building structures in sandy soil areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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17 pages, 10796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Full-Scale Testing on Seismic Performance of Surge Arrester with Retrofitted Composite Insulators

by Sheng Li, Yongfeng Cheng, Zhicheng Lu, Nelson Lam, Yaodong Xue and Haibo Wang

Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1720; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101720 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2340

Abstract

In electrical substations, glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) insulators provide an alternative to porcelain insulators for better seismic performance. The bonded connection between the composite tube and the metal end fitting is a weak link under earthquake actions, and the failure risk of ultra-high voltage (UHV) substation equipment with GFRP composite insulators can be considerable in places with high seismicity. This study solved the problem by retrofitting and experimentally qualifying the seismic performance of surge arresters made of composite insulators. To ensure safety under a bending moment corresponding to the seismic demand, the bonded sleeve joint between the tube and end fitting was retrofitted by shear stiffeners and higher strength end fitting. A full-scale shaking table test was carried out to verify the performance of the retrofitted surge arrester, and the seismic responses to increasing earthquake actions were analyzed. The specimens in this study were full-scale, had the largest dimensions among substation equipment of the same type, and were subjected to an extremely high earthquake action of 0.5 g; therefore, the seismic testing results produced in this study can serve as an important reference for the industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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21 pages, 8622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations on the Dynamic Response of Adjacent Buildings Connected by Viscous Dampers

by Peng Chen and Xiaobin Wu

Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1480; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091480 - 17 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2819

Abstract

This paper investigates the seismic performance of two adjacent buildings connected by viscous dampers. Three types of damper placement are discussed, including installing dampers within a single building, connecting two buildings at the same floor level, and connecting two buildings at the inter-story level. Analytical models are established to consider various dynamic properties of the adjacent buildings, and the theoretical solutions are obtained, including the transmissibility curves, additional modal damping, and input energy under the seismic design spectrum. Time history analyses of an engineering project are performed with different damper placements. Different numerical models are compared for frequently and rarely occurred earthquakes. The seismic mitigation effect is discussed with regard to the story drift reduction rate and dynamic energy. Theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that the connecting dampers provide added modal damping while causing the coupled response. As a result, it is less efficient than traditional ways of placement within a building. Furthermore, the connecting dampers significantly increase the reaction of the floors without installed dampers. When designing dampers to connect the adjacent buildings, careful engineering calculations should be made. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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23 pages, 9451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigations on Axial Compressive Behavior of Opening Cold-Formed Thin-Wall C-Steel Combined Double-Limb Column

by Chang He, Yong Cai and Haijun Chen

Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1378; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091378 - 4 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1367

Abstract

To investigate the axial compressive behavior of an opening cold-formed thin-wall C-steel combined double-limb column, C-steel combined I-section columns were modeled in this paper, and the models were validated by experiments on axial-compressed combined columns. Parametric analyses were carried out on the combined columns. The effects of slenderness ratio, height to thickness ratio, width to thickness ratio, bolt spacing, and opening in the web on the ultimate compressive bearing capacity of the combined columns were investigated. It was observed that the slenderness ratio had the most significant effects on the combined column. Furthermore, the formulas predicting the compressive bearing capacity in the Chinese and AISI standards were compared, and the accuracy of the formulas was studied. Afterward, the formulas with higher accuracy and applicability for the ultimate compressive bearing capacity for the C-steel combined I-section column were proposed. The compression stability factor and reduction factor were fitted in this paper. The proposed formulas and factors can predict the ultimate compressive bearing capacity of the C-steel combined I-section column. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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29 pages, 6433 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Seismic Performance for Low-Rise RC Buildings with Different Patterns of Infill Walls

by Saharat Saengyuan and Panon Latcharote

Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1351; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091351 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2260

Abstract

Evaluating the structural performance of low-rise RC buildings with infill walls is an essential issue in Thailand, as most infill walls were not designed for lateral load resistance. The purpose of this study was to predict the structural behavior and illustrate the effects of infill walls. Residential, commercial, and educational buildings were selected as representative buildings with different patterns of infill walls. Based on the results, infill walls contributed to considerable strength and stiffness. Most of the infill walls that affected the low-rise buildings were at the ground floor level. The behavior of the buildings that had a contribution of infill walls was found to be brittle until the infill walls collapsed, and then the buildings became ductile. Some patterns in which infill walls were placed improperly led to a torsional effect, resulting in columns in the affected areas reaching failure criteria more than those without this effect. Considering the NLRHA procedure, only infill walls on the ground floor contributed to the building being subjected to a ground motion. The fully infilled frame tended to reach the infill crack before the other patterns. For the UMRHA procedure, only the first vibration mode was adequate to predict seismic responses, such as roof displacement and top-story drift. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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19 pages, 11519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Optimal Design of Grotto-Eave System with Cable Inerter Viscous Damper for Vibration Control

by Jizhong Huang, Ruoyu Zhang, Qingyang Luo, Xiuwei Guo and Meigen Cao

Buildings 2022, 12(5), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050661 - 16 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1778

Abstract

In this paper, the mechanical model of grotto–eave system with cable inerter viscous damper (CIVD) is established, and the vibration control equations are established. Firstly, the stochastic response is carried out, and the optimization design of design parameters of CIVD is carried out for the grotto–eave systems with different connection types. Finally, the vibration mitigation control performance of CIVD under different seismic inputs is analyzed. The research shows that in the optimal design of CIVD, the inerter–mass ratio and damping ratio should be reduced as much as possible to improve the feasibility of the application of CIVD in cultural relics protection engineering under the condition of meeting the target damping ratio. The demand-based optimal method can minimize the cost by enhancing damping element deformation in a small damping ratio, while ensuring that the value of displacement index of grotto–eave system can be reached. Hence, the deformation and damping force of CIVD will increase simultaneously due to the efficient tuning and damping amplification of CIVD. CIVD can enlarge the apparent mass through rotation and damping force through enhancement deformation. Hence, compared with other conventional dampers (such as viscous damper), optimal CIVD has lower damping ratio under the same demand index of grotto–eave system. It can be realized that the lightweight and high efficiency of the damper, and can be applied to the vibration mitigation and reinforcement of the grotto–eave system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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19 pages, 9102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Parameters’ Influence and Optimal Design of Tuned Inerter Dampers for Seismic Response Mitigation

by Ruoyu Zhang, Jizhong Huang, Meigen Cao, Qingyang Luo and Xiuwei Guo

Buildings 2022, 12(5), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050558 - 27 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1915

Abstract

In this paper, parameter analyses of a tuned inerter damper (TID) are carried out based on the displacement mitigation ratio. The optimal design of TID based on the closed-form solution method is carried out and compared with the fixed-point method. Meanwhile, applicable conditions of two methods are discussed in wider range of values of objective function under different inherent damping ratios. Finally, seismic responses of SDOF system with TID are carried out, which verifies the feasibility of the closed-form solution optimization method. Compared with the fixed-point method, the inherent damping ratio of the original structure is considered in the closed-form solution method, and the optimal damping ratio of a TID is smaller than that of the fixed-point method under same displacement mitigation ratio. The parameters’ combination of a TID designed by the fixed-point method obtains a vibration mitigation effect with a larger damping ratio by cooperating with the deformation enhancement effect of the inerter, which may make the vibration mitigation effect of the TID lower than that of the VD in structures with large inherent damping ratios. However, the deformation enhancement effect on the damping element of the inerter can be fully used by using the closed-form solution method. Better applicability and robustness are shown in closed-form solution method. Under the same displacement mitigation ratio, the damping ratio of a TID obtained by using the closed-form solution method is about one tenth of that obtained by using the fixed-point method, which can realize the lightweight design of the TID. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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19 pages, 9015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Seismic Response and Parameter Influence in a Transformer–Bushing with Inerter Isolation System

by Ruoyu Zhang, Meigen Cao and Jizhong Huang

Buildings 2022, 12(5), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050530 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1791

Abstract

In this paper, a mechanical model of a transformer–bushing with an inerter isolation system (IIS) is established. An IIS is composed of an inerter element, a damping element, and a spring element connected in parallel between the same two terminals. Vibration control equations and frequency response functions are also established. The influence of parameters on IIS, including inerter–mass ratio, damping ratio, and frequency ratio, was studied. In the extremum condition that represents the most efficient parameter set of inerter–mass ratio and damping ratio for relative displacement response ratio, an optimal design method was developed by exploiting a performance demand. Finally, the seismic response of the transformer–bushing with IIS was carried out to verify the isolation performance of IIS. The research shows that the equivalent mass coefficient and damping coefficient of IIS can be amplified by an inerter element and the inerter–mass ratio and damping ratio are reduced simultaneously under the conditions of meeting the performance demand after parameter optimization. Meanwhile, the parameter optimization design method proved to be effective for meeting the target demand of the relative displacement response of the bushing and tank, while base shear force and isolation displacement were reduced simultaneously. Based on the results from a response history analysis under ground motion records, IISs can significantly suppress the resonance response of a structure and the continuous vibration response in the stable state. The peak displacement can be reduced by 50% compared with a traditional isolation system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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17 pages, 8118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Performance of Panel Connectors with Steel Frame Based on Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete (ALC)

by Chikun Zhang, Kewei Ding and Shulin He

Buildings 2022, 12(3), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030372 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3653

Abstract

This paper proposes new prefabricated autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) connectors which allow limited sliding. The seismic performance of the proposed connectors and a traditional connector (L-hooked bolt) were investigated in depth. Three specimens of full-scale steel frames with ALC panel and connectors were subjected to horizontal low-cyclic loading. The failure modes, hysteretic behavior, strength and deterioration of stiffness and energy-dissipating performance of all specimens were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results indicated that the frames of the new connectors were more reliable than the traditional connector. The energy-dissipating capacity of the specimen frames with new connectors increased by 23.0% and 24.4%, and deterioration of stiffness increased by 10.6% and 13.0%. The new ALC panel connectors not only increased elastic stiffness in the early stage, but also provided some stiffness in the elastoplastic and plastic stages. Using relevant construction measures, the frames with new connectors displayed good cooperative behavior and safety reliability. To summarize, the new ALC connectors tested showed excellent performance in resisting seismic loading and had good assembly efficiency and could provide a basis for the development and application of a new type of ALC steel frame connector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Disaster Mitigation of Engineering Structures)

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