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High Temperature Ceramic Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2020) | Viewed by 58233

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Shaowei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Interests: graphene nanostructures; 2D materials; graphene composites; aerospace materials; graphene-related 2D materials for energy; novel catalysts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High temperature ceramic materials, including mainly high melting metal oxides, nitrides, carbides and their composites, are extensively used in many important industrial sectors, such as metallurgy, glass, cement, aerospace, nuclear, and energy. They are used primarily for their thermal and thermo-mechanical properties. To improve their properties and extend their service lives, and to address the relevant cost and sustainbility issues and environmental concerns, considerable research efforts have been made and are still being made worldwide, which is leading to the development of so-called next generation high temperature ceramic materials. In recent years, in particular, significant amounts of work have been carried out in several existing and emerging areas: 1) exploration of new system refractory ceramics, 2) low temperature synthesis of novel ceramic particles, 3) graphene and/or carbon nanotube reinforced ceramic composites, 4) “green” low-carbon refractory composites, 5) energy-saving lightweight ceramics, 6) catalytic synthesis of ceramic materials, 7) high thermal conductivity ceramics; 8) self-healing ceramic composites, 9) additive manufacturing of ceramics, 10) directionally solidified eutectic ceramics, 11) functional ceramic coatings, 12) SPS sintering, cold sintering and flash sintering, and 13) materials calculations/simulations, from which many interesting and promising results have been obtained.

This Special Issue is aimed to cover the recent research work on high temperature ceramic materials, so as to provide an insight into the current status and future prospects in this field. Topics can include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel synthesis of high melting ceramic particles/nanofibres
  • New binders/bonding systems
  • Novel shape forming techniques (e.g., Casting, additive manufacturing, directional solidification, coating preparation techniques, composite preparation techniques)
  • Sintering/densification techniques and mechanisms (e.g., hot-pressing, laser processing, SPS sintering, cold sintering and flash sintering)
  • Properties: mechanical, thermal and chemical properties
  • Physical/chemical/microstructural characterizations
  • Simulations: thermodynamic simulations, molecular dynamic simulation, Monte Carlo simulation and first-principles density functional calculation
  • Applications of high temperature ceramics
  • Preparation and characterization of new system high temperature ceramics

It is my great pleasure to invite colleagues to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews on any aspect of high temperature ceramics are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Shaowei Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high temperature ceramics
  • ceramic composite
  • ceramic coating
  • refractories
  • low temperature synthesis
  • 3-D printing
  • novel sintering
  • microstructure
  • high temperature properties
  • materials simulation

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Published Papers (16 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 170 KiB  
Editorial
High Temperature Ceramic Materials
by Shaowei Zhang
Materials 2021, 14(8), 2031; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14082031 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2784
Abstract
Thanks to their superior physiochemical properties such as high melting point, excellent mechanical properties, good thermal properties, and great corrosion/erosion resistance, high temperature ceramic materials (HTCM) find applications in a broad range of demanding areas or industrial sectors, e [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

17 pages, 7049 KiB  
Article
High-temperature Mechanical Properties and Their Influence Mechanisms of ZrC-Modified C-SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites up to 1600 °C
by Jianjun Sha, Shouhao Wang, Jixiang Dai, Yufei Zu, Wenqiang Li and Ruyi Sha
Materials 2020, 13(7), 1581; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071581 - 30 Mar 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3326
Abstract
In order to understand the influence of the mechanisms of ZrC nanoparticles on the high-temperature mechanical properties of C-SiC ceramic matrix composites, the mechanical properties were measured from room temperature (RT) to 1600 °C under vacuum. The microstructures features were characterized by scanning [...] Read more.
In order to understand the influence of the mechanisms of ZrC nanoparticles on the high-temperature mechanical properties of C-SiC ceramic matrix composites, the mechanical properties were measured from room temperature (RT) to 1600 °C under vacuum. The microstructures features were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In comparison with the composites without ZrC nanoparticles, the ZrC-modified composite presented better mechanical properties at all temperatures, indicating that the mechanical properties could be improved by the ZrC nanoparticles. The ZrC nanoparticles could reduce the residual silicon and improve the microstructure integrity of composite. Furthermore, the variation of flexural strength and the flexural modulus showed an asynchronous trend with the increase of temperature. The flexural strength reached the maximum value at 1200 °C, but the highest elastic modulus was obtained at 800 °C. The strength increase was ascribed to the decrease of the thermally-induced residual stresses. The degradation of mechanical properties was observed at 1600 °C because of the microstructure deterioration and the formation of strongly bonded fiber–matrix interface. Therefore, it is concluded that the high temperature mechanical properties under vacuum were related to the consisting phase, the matrix microstructure, and the thermally-induced residual stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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10 pages, 4707 KiB  
Article
Low Temperature Synthesis of Phase Pure MoAlB Powder in Molten NaCl
by Cheng Liu, Zhaoping Hou, Quanli Jia, Xueyin Liu and Shaowei Zhang
Materials 2020, 13(3), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030785 - 9 Feb 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3804
Abstract
MoAlB fine powders were prepared in molten NaCl from Al, B and Mo powders. The effects of key parameters affecting the synthesis process and phase morphology were examined and the underpinning mechanisms proposed. MoAlB product particles exhibited different shapes/sizes, as follows: spherical grains [...] Read more.
MoAlB fine powders were prepared in molten NaCl from Al, B and Mo powders. The effects of key parameters affecting the synthesis process and phase morphology were examined and the underpinning mechanisms proposed. MoAlB product particles exhibited different shapes/sizes, as follows: spherical grains (1~3 μm), plate-like particles (<5 μm in diameter) and columnar crystals with lengths up to 20 μm and diameters up to 5 μm, resultant from different reaction processes. Phase pure MoAlB was synthesised under the following optimal conditions: use of 140% excess Al and 6 h of firing at 1000 °C. This temperature was at least 100 °C lower than required by other methods/techniques previously reported. At the synthesis condition, Mo first reacted with Al and B, forming Al8Mo3 and MoB, respectively, which further reacted with excess Al to form Al-rich Al–Mo phases and MoAlB. The Al-rich Al–Mo phases further reacted with the residual B, forming additional MoAlB. The molten NaCl played an important role in accelerating the overall synthesis process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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12 pages, 4430 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Black Ceramic Tiles Using Waste Copper Slag and Stainless Steel Slag of Electric Arc Furnace
by Mengke Liu, Guojun Ma, Xiang Zhang, Junjie Liu and Qiang Wang
Materials 2020, 13(3), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030776 - 8 Feb 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3534
Abstract
Copper slag and stainless steel slag of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) are two typical metallurgical solid wastes, which contain a large number of valuables, such as Fe, Cr, and Cu. The transition metal elements in the waste slags, such as Cr and Fe, [...] Read more.
Copper slag and stainless steel slag of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) are two typical metallurgical solid wastes, which contain a large number of valuables, such as Fe, Cr, and Cu. The transition metal elements in the waste slags, such as Cr and Fe, can be recycled as the coloring ions in the black ceramic tile. In this study, the Fe/Cr molar ratio in the raw materials of copper slag and stainless steel slag was adjusted, and the black ceramic tile was subsequently prepared by sintering. The results show that the optimum process parameters for the preparation of black ceramic tiles are the Fe/Cr molar ratio of 2.0, the sintering temperature of 1150 °C, and the sintering time of 30 min. The compressive strength of the black ceramic tile at optimum sintering conditions exceeds the minimum compressive strength of the Chinese national standard for standard polished tiles, and the concentrations of harmful elements, for example, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Zn, Pb, and Cr(VI) are within the regulation thresholds specified by the Chinese national standard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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16 pages, 14757 KiB  
Article
Repeated Thermal Shock Behavior of ZrB2–SiC–Graphite Composite under Pre-Stress in Air and Ar Atmospheres
by Xing Yue, Xianghe Peng, Zhen Wei, Xiaosheng Chen, Xiang Chen and Tao Fu
Materials 2020, 13(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020370 - 13 Jan 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2556
Abstract
The thermo–chemo–mechanical coupling on the thermal shock resistance of 20 vol%-ZrB2–15 vol%-SiC–graphite composite is investigated with the use of a self-developed material testing system. In each test, a specimen under prescribed constant tensile pre-stress (σ0 = 0, 10, 20 [...] Read more.
The thermo–chemo–mechanical coupling on the thermal shock resistance of 20 vol%-ZrB2–15 vol%-SiC–graphite composite is investigated with the use of a self-developed material testing system. In each test, a specimen under prescribed constant tensile pre-stress (σ0 = 0, 10, 20 and 30 MPa) was subjected to 60 cycles of thermal shock. In each cycle, the specimen was heated from room temperature to 2000 °C within 5 s in an air atmosphere or an Ar atmosphere. The residual flexural strength of each specimen was tested, and the fracture morphology was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were three different regions in the fracture surface of a specimen tested in the air, while no such difference could be observed in the fracture surfaces of the specimens that were tested in Ar. The residual flexural strength of the composite that was tested in Ar generally decreases with the increase of σ0. However, in the range of 0 ≤ σ0 ≤ 10 MPa, the residual flexural strength of the composite that was tested in the air ascended with the increase of σ0 due to the healing effect of oxidation, but it descended thereafter with a further increase of σ0, as the effect pre-stress that became prominent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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10 pages, 3075 KiB  
Article
Low-Temperature Molten Salt Synthesis and the Characterisation of Submicron-Sized Al8B4C7 Powder
by Cheng Liu, Xueyin Liu, Zhaoping Hou, Quanli Jia, Benjun Cheng and Shaowei Zhang
Materials 2020, 13(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010070 - 22 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3009
Abstract
Submicron-sized (~200 nm) aluminium boron carbide (Al8B4C7) particles were synthesised from Al, B4C and carbon black raw materials in a molten NaCl-based salt at a relatively low temperature. The effects of the salt type/assembly and [...] Read more.
Submicron-sized (~200 nm) aluminium boron carbide (Al8B4C7) particles were synthesised from Al, B4C and carbon black raw materials in a molten NaCl-based salt at a relatively low temperature. The effects of the salt type/assembly and the firing temperature on the synthesis process were examined, and the relevant reaction mechanisms discussed. The molten salt played an important role in the Al8B4C7 formation process. By using a combined salt of 95%NaCl + 5%NaF, an effective liquid reaction medium was formed, greatly facilitating the Al8B4C7 formation. As a result, essentially phase-pure Al8B4C7 was obtained after 6 h of firing at 1250 °C. This temperature was 350–550 °C lower than that required by the conventional direct reaction and thermal reduction methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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8 pages, 3117 KiB  
Article
Tensile Fracture Behavior and Characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composites
by Jeongguk Kim
Materials 2019, 12(18), 2997; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182997 - 16 Sep 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4651
Abstract
Tensile fracture behavior of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated using characterization tools. First, a high-speed infrared camera was used to monitor the surface temperature of the CMC specimen during mechanical testing. An infrared camera is a tool used to detect infrared (IR) [...] Read more.
Tensile fracture behavior of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated using characterization tools. First, a high-speed infrared camera was used to monitor the surface temperature of the CMC specimen during mechanical testing. An infrared camera is a tool used to detect infrared (IR) radiation emitted from a specimen as a function of temperature, and it was used to analyze the temperature monitoring of specimen surface and fracture behavior during the tensile test. After the test, the microstructural analysis using SEM was performed. SEM analysis was performed to investigate the fracture mode and fracture mechanism of CMC materials. In this paper, it was found that the results of the surface temperature monitoring obtained from IR thermal imaging technology and the failure mode analysis obtained through SEM were in a good agreement. These techniques were useful tools to explain the mechanical behavior of ceramic matrix composites. The detailed experiments and testing results will be provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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9 pages, 2088 KiB  
Article
Low-Temperature High-Efficiency Preparation of TiB2 Micro-Platelets via Boro/Carbothermal Reduction in Microwave Heated Molten Salt
by Jie Liu, Jianghao Liu, Yuan Zeng, Haijun Zhang and Zhi Li
Materials 2019, 12(16), 2555; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12162555 - 11 Aug 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3020
Abstract
A molten-salt and microwave co-facilitated boro/carbothermal reduction methodology was developed for low temperature high-efficiency synthesis of TiB2 powders. By using relatively inexpensive titanium oxide (TiO2), boron carbide (B4C) and amorphous carbon (C) as raw materials, single-phase TiB2 [...] Read more.
A molten-salt and microwave co-facilitated boro/carbothermal reduction methodology was developed for low temperature high-efficiency synthesis of TiB2 powders. By using relatively inexpensive titanium oxide (TiO2), boron carbide (B4C) and amorphous carbon (C) as raw materials, single-phase TiB2 powders were prepared after 60 min at as low as 1150 °C or after only 20 min at 1200 °C. Such synthesis conditions were remarkably milder than those required by the conventional reduction routes using the identical reducing agent. As-synthesized TiB2 powders exhibited single-crystalline nature and well-grown hexagonal-platelet-like morphology. The achievement of low temperature high-efficiency preparation of high-quality TiB2 microplatelets in the present work was mainly attributable to the synergistic effects of molten-salt medium and microwave heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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15 pages, 5646 KiB  
Article
Computational Simulation and Prediction on Electrical Conductivity of Oxide-Based Melts by Big Data Mining
by Ao Huang, Yanzhu Huo, Juan Yang and Guangqiang Li
Materials 2019, 12(7), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071059 - 31 Mar 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3291
Abstract
Electrical conductivity is one of the most basic physical–chemical properties of oxide-based melts and plays an important role in the materials and metallurgical industries. Especially with the metallurgical melt, molten slag, existing research studies related to slag conductivity mainly used traditional experimental measurement [...] Read more.
Electrical conductivity is one of the most basic physical–chemical properties of oxide-based melts and plays an important role in the materials and metallurgical industries. Especially with the metallurgical melt, molten slag, existing research studies related to slag conductivity mainly used traditional experimental measurement approaches. Meanwhile, the idea of data-driven decision making has been widely used in many fields instead of expert experience. Therefore, this study proposed an innovative approach based on big data mining methods to investigate the computational simulation and prediction of electrical conductivity. Specific mechanisms are discussed to explain the findings of our proposed approach. Experimental results show slag conductivity can be predicted through constructing predictive models, and the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) model is the best prediction model with 90% accuracy and more than 88% sensitivity. The robustness result of the GBDT model demonstrates the reliability of prediction outcomes. It is concluded that the conductivity of slag systems is mainly affected by TiO2, FeO, SiO2, and CaO. TiO2 and FeO are positively correlated with conductivity, while SiO2 and CaO have negative correlations with conductivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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8 pages, 4261 KiB  
Article
Pore Architectures and Mechanical Properties of Porous α-SiAlON Ceramics Fabricated via Unidirectional Freeze Casting Based on Camphene-Templating
by Zhaoping Hou, Feng Ye, Qiang Liu, Limeng Liu, Haiwei Jiang and Shaowei Zhang
Materials 2019, 12(5), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12050687 - 26 Feb 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
Porous α-SiAlON ceramics were fabricated using the camphene-based unidirectional freeze casting method, in which a gradient porous structure was formed as a result of the decreased solidification velocity in the freezing direction. Microstructure, porosity and pore size distribution of different parts of as-prepared [...] Read more.
Porous α-SiAlON ceramics were fabricated using the camphene-based unidirectional freeze casting method, in which a gradient porous structure was formed as a result of the decreased solidification velocity in the freezing direction. Microstructure, porosity and pore size distribution of different parts of as-prepared samples were examined and compared, and correlated with their mechanical properties. For a given solid loading, the overall pore size and porosity of the top part were greater than those of the bottom part. Interestingly, despite its higher porosity, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the top part were both higher than those of the bottom part, suggesting that apart from porosity, pore morphology and size affected mechanical properties of as-prepared porous α-SiAlON ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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8 pages, 2099 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Molding Method and Blank Size of Green Body on the Sintering Densification of Magnesia
by Endong Jin, Jingkun Yu, Tianpeng Wen, Chen Tian, Zhaoyang Liu, Beiyue Ma, Feixiong Mao and Lei Yuan
Materials 2019, 12(4), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12040647 - 21 Feb 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3043
Abstract
The bulk density of sintered magnesia is significantly influenced by molding methodology and blank size of the green body during dry pressing. The entrapped air in the green body plays a critical role in determining the bulk density of magnesia samples. Herein, high-density [...] Read more.
The bulk density of sintered magnesia is significantly influenced by molding methodology and blank size of the green body during dry pressing. The entrapped air in the green body plays a critical role in determining the bulk density of magnesia samples. Herein, high-density magnesia samples, with different sizes, are prepared by using vacuum compaction molding and conventional compaction molding. The physical properties, such as bulk density and pore size distribution, and morphology or as-sintered magnesia samples were characterized by using Archimedes method, mercury porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the bulk density of conventional compaction magnesia samples decreased below 3.40 g·cm−3 with the increase of thickness due to the presence of entrapped-air induced large pores and intergranular cracks. In addition, the large pores and intergranular cracks in conventionally-compacted samples are observed by SEM images. However, vacuum compaction of magnesia samples resulted in a bulk density of higher than 3.40 g·cm−3 for all thicknesses. Moreover, the defects in vacuum-compacted magnesia samples are mainly in the form of small circular pores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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8 pages, 3076 KiB  
Article
Microstructures and Properties of Porous Liquid-Phase-Sintered SiC Ceramic by Hot Press Sintering
by Yajie Li, Haibo Wu, Xuejian Liu and Zhengren Huang
Materials 2019, 12(4), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12040639 - 20 Feb 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4126
Abstract
Porous liquid-phase-sintered SiC (L-SiC) ceramics were successfully fabricated by hot press sintering (HP) at 1800 °C in argon, using Al2O3 and Y2O3 as oxide additions. By varying the starting coarse SiC particle size, the relationships between pore [...] Read more.
Porous liquid-phase-sintered SiC (L-SiC) ceramics were successfully fabricated by hot press sintering (HP) at 1800 °C in argon, using Al2O3 and Y2O3 as oxide additions. By varying the starting coarse SiC particle size, the relationships between pore microstructures and flexural strength as well as gas permeability of porous L-SiC were examined. All the as-sintered samples possessed homogeneous interconnected pores. The porosity of porous L-SiC decreased from 34.0% to 25.9%, and the peak pore size increased from 1.1 to 3.8 μm as the coarse SiC particle sizes increased. The flexural strengths of porous L-SiC ceramics at room temperature and 1000 °C were as high as 104.3 ± 7.3 MPa and 78.8 ± 5.1 MPa, respectively, though there was a decrease in accordance with their increasing pore sizes and particle sizes. Moreover, their gas permeability increased from 1.4 × 10−14 m2 to 4.6 × 10−14 m2 with the increase of pore size in spite of their decreased porosity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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11 pages, 4695 KiB  
Article
Behavior and Mechanism of High-Temperature Stability between Tial-Based Alloy and Y2O3-Al2O3 Composite Crucibles
by Qingling Li, Huarui Zhang, Yongshuang Cui, Chunlei Yang, Ming Gao, Jinpeng Li and Hu Zhang
Materials 2018, 11(7), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071107 - 28 Jun 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3368
Abstract
In this work, Y2O3 based composite crucibles with different Al2O3 contents were designed and characterized. The stability behaviors and interaction mechanisms between molten Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy and Y2O3-Al2O3 composite crucibles were [...] Read more.
In this work, Y2O3 based composite crucibles with different Al2O3 contents were designed and characterized. The stability behaviors and interaction mechanisms between molten Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy and Y2O3-Al2O3 composite crucibles were investigated at high temperature. Results showed that the surface morphology of crucibles and the degree of interfacial reactions between the composite crucibles and the metal melts varied with the change of Al2O3 content in the crucible matrix. The pure Y2O3 crucible was the densest and its chemical stability was the highest. With the increase in Al2O3 content, the number of pores on the crucibles surface gradually increased and the interfacial reactions between the composite crucibles and the molten alloys became weaker. When the content of Al2O3 in composite crucibles increased from 3.5 wt % to 10.5 wt %, the thickness of the interface layer of melt-crucible decreased from 150 µm to 50 µm, and the equilibrium contact angles between metal and crucibles gradually decreased from 69.3° to 64.2° at 1873 K. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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11 pages, 3787 KiB  
Article
Oxidation Resistance and Wetting Behavior of MgO-C Refractories: Effect of Carbon Content
by Zhaoyang Liu, Jingkun Yu, Xin Yang, Endong Jin and Lei Yuan
Materials 2018, 11(6), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060883 - 24 May 2018
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 4781
Abstract
Various carbon contents in the MgO-C refractory were studied with respect to the oxidation resistance and the wetting behavior with slag. The bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength, oxidation rate, and mass loss rate of the fired MgO-C refractories with various carbon [...] Read more.
Various carbon contents in the MgO-C refractory were studied with respect to the oxidation resistance and the wetting behavior with slag. The bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength, oxidation rate, and mass loss rate of the fired MgO-C refractories with various carbon contents were measured and compared. The wetting and penetration behavior of the cured MgO-C refractory with the molten slag were observed in-situ. The contact angle and the shape parameters of molten slag, including the apparent radius, height, and volume were compared. The results showed that the regenerated MgO effectively restrained the carbon oxidation in the MgO-C refractory, which was more evident at the low carbon content refractory. The contact angle between the MgO-C refractory and the molten slag increased as the carbon content increased. The increased contact angle decreased the penetration of the molten slag. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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11 pages, 5444 KiB  
Article
Tunable Synthesis of SiC/SiO2 Heterojunctions via Temperature Modulation
by Wei Li, Quanli Jia, Daoyuan Yang and Xinhong Liu
Materials 2018, 11(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050766 - 10 May 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3719
Abstract
A large-scale production of necklace-like SiC/SiO2 heterojunctions was obtained by a molten salt-mediated chemical vapor reaction technique without a metallic catalyst or flowing gas. The effect of the firing temperature on the evolution of the phase composition, microstructure, and morphology of the [...] Read more.
A large-scale production of necklace-like SiC/SiO2 heterojunctions was obtained by a molten salt-mediated chemical vapor reaction technique without a metallic catalyst or flowing gas. The effect of the firing temperature on the evolution of the phase composition, microstructure, and morphology of the SiC/SiO2 heterojunctions was studied. The necklace-like SiC/SiO2 nanochains, several centimeters in length, were composed of SiC/SiO2 core-shell chains and amorphous SiO2 beans. The morphologies of the as-prepared products could be tuned by adjusting the firing temperature. In fact, the diameter of the SiO2 beans decreased, whereas the diameter of the SiC fibers and the thickness of the SiO2 shell increased as the temperature increased. The growth mechanism of the necklace-like structure was controlled by the vapor-solid growth procedure and the modulation procedure via a molten salt-mediated chemical vapor reaction process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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14 pages, 5965 KiB  
Article
High-Temperature Wettability and Interactions between Y-Containing Ni-Based Alloys and Various Oxide Ceramics
by Jinpeng Li, Huarui Zhang, Ming Gao, Qingling Li, Weidong Bian, Tongxiang Tao and Hu Zhang
Materials 2018, 11(5), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050749 - 7 May 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4101
Abstract
To obtain appropriate crucible materials for vacuum induction melting of MCrAlY alloys, four different oxide ceramics, including MgO, Y2O3, Al2O3, and ZrO2, with various microstructures were designed and characterized. The high-temperature wettability and [...] Read more.
To obtain appropriate crucible materials for vacuum induction melting of MCrAlY alloys, four different oxide ceramics, including MgO, Y2O3, Al2O3, and ZrO2, with various microstructures were designed and characterized. The high-temperature wettability and interactions between Ni-20Co-20Cr-10Al-1.5Y alloys and oxide ceramics were studied by sessile drop experiments under vacuum. The results showed that all the systems exhibited non-wetting behavior. The contact angles were stable during the melting process of alloys and the equilibrium contact angles were 140° (MgO), 148° (Y2O3), 154° (Al2O3), and 157° (ZrO2), respectively. The interfacial reaction between the ceramic substrates and alloys occurred at high temperature. Though the ceramics had different microstructures, similar continuous Y2O3 reaction layer with thicknesses of about 25 μm at the alloy-ceramic interface in MgO, Al2O3, and ZrO2 systems formed. The average area percentage of oxides in the alloy matrices were 0.59% (MgO), 0.11% (Al2O3), 0.09% (ZrO2), and 0.02% (Y2O3), respectively. The alloys, after reacting with MgO ceramic, had the highest inclusion content, while those with the lowest content were in the Y2O3 system. Y2O3 ceramic was the most beneficial for vacuum induction melting of high-purity Y-containing Ni-based alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Ceramic Materials)
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