Matter-Radiation Interactions—In Memory of Professor Francesco Saverio Persico

A special issue of Physics (ISSN 2624-8174). This special issue belongs to the section "Atomic Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 17401

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Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – E. Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
Interests: laser interaction with atoms, molecules and nanomolecules; atoms and molecules in strong field; high-harmonic generation; attosecond-pulse generation; computational physics; molecular dynamics

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Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – E. Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
Interests: casimir physics; quantum electrodynamics; quantum fluctuations; radiative processes in static and dynamical structured environments; quantum field theory in accelerated frames and in a curved space-time; quantum optomechanics; resonances and dressed unstable states; microscopic origin of time asymmetry in quantum physics; cosmological axions and dark matter; axion electrodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – E. Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
Interests: quantum electrodynamics; vacuum fluctuations; casimir effects; causality and non-locality in QED; radiative processes in static and dynamical structured environments; quantum field theory in accelerated frames; unruh effect; cosmological axions and dark matter
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Professor Francesco Saverio Persico

text

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of our colleague and friend Professor Francesco Saverio Persico, who passed away in 2017. He has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Palermo, Italy. He has given fundamental contributions to theoretical condensed matter physics, quantum optics, quantum electrodynamics, atomic and molecular physics.

This Special issue will include original papers and review papers on subjects related to the research fields where Prof. Persico has been active, mainly atom-radiation interaction, quantum vacuum fluctuations, Casimir and Casimir-Polder interactions, radiation-mediated intermolecular interactions, spin-phonon interactions, atomic and molecular physics in strong external electromagnetic fields, high harmonic generation and nonlinear quantum mechanics, laser interaction with molecules and nanomolecules, superradiance, and in general in the fields of quantum optics and quantum electrodynamics, atomic and molecular physics, as well as condensed matter physics.

All these research subjects are still very active subjects of the current research in theoretical and experimental physics.

Prof. Dr. Pietro Paolo Corso
Prof. Dr. Roberto Passante
Dr. Lucia Rizzuto
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • atom-radiation dressed states
  • vacuum fluctuations and related effects
  • casimir physics
  • atomic and molecular physics in strong external fields
  • nanoscale molecules driven by a laser field
  • persistent currents
  • high harmonic generation (HHG)
  • dressed states in quantum field theory
  • spin-phonon interactions in condensed matter physics
  • superradiance
  • cavity quantum electrodynamics
  • radiative processed in structured environments
  • unruh effect and hawking effect
  • quantum field theory in a curved spacetime

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Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 657 KiB  
Article
General Inverse Problem Solution for Two-Level Systems and Its Application to Charge Transfer
by Agostino Migliore, Hiromichi Nakazato, Alessandro Sergi and Antonino Messina
Physics 2024, 6(3), 1171-1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6030072 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 732
Abstract
Two-level quantum systems are building blocks of quantum technologies, where the qubit is the basic unit of quantum information. The ability to design driving fields that produce prespecified evolutions of relevant physical observables is crucial to the development of such technologies. Using vector [...] Read more.
Two-level quantum systems are building blocks of quantum technologies, where the qubit is the basic unit of quantum information. The ability to design driving fields that produce prespecified evolutions of relevant physical observables is crucial to the development of such technologies. Using vector algebra and recently developed strategies for generating solvable two-level Hamiltonians, we construct the general solution to the inverse problem for a spin in a time-dependent magnetic field and its extension to any two-level system associated with fictitious spin and field. We provide a general expression for the field that drives the dynamics of the system so as to realize prescribed time evolutions of the expectation values of the Pauli operators and the autocorrelation of the Pauli vector. The analysis is applied to two-state charge transfer systems, showing that the charge transfer process can be seen as a motion of the state of the associated fictitious qubit on the Bloch sphere, and that the expectation values of the related Pauli operators describe the interference between the two differently localized electronic states and their population difference. Our formulation is proposed as a basic step towards potential uses of charge transfer in quantum computing and quantum information transfer. Full article
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11 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
Entangled Probability Distributions for Center-of-Mass Tomography
by Ivan V. Dudinets, Margarita A. Man’ko and Vladimir I. Man’ko
Physics 2024, 6(3), 1035-1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6030064 - 13 Aug 2024
Viewed by 528
Abstract
We review the formalism of center-of-mass tomograms, which allows us to describe quantum states in terms of probability distribution functions. We introduce the concept of separable and entangled probability distributions for center-of-mass tomography. We obtain the time evolution of center-of-mass tomograms of entangled [...] Read more.
We review the formalism of center-of-mass tomograms, which allows us to describe quantum states in terms of probability distribution functions. We introduce the concept of separable and entangled probability distributions for center-of-mass tomography. We obtain the time evolution of center-of-mass tomograms of entangled states of the inverted oscillator. Full article
16 pages, 331 KiB  
Article
Dressing the Lorentz Atom
by Stephen M. Barnett, James D. Cresser and Sarah Croke
Physics 2024, 6(2), 905-920; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6020056 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 728
Abstract
We investigate the effects of the electromagnetic vacuum field on a harmonically bound electron. We show that in the electric-dipole approximation the model atom couples only to an effective one-dimensional electric field. In a simplified form, in which the problem is reduced to [...] Read more.
We investigate the effects of the electromagnetic vacuum field on a harmonically bound electron. We show that in the electric-dipole approximation the model atom couples only to an effective one-dimensional electric field. In a simplified form, in which the problem is reduced to a single spatial dimension, we determine, analytically, the form of the ground state and discuss the significance of this state. Full article
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14 pages, 2315 KiB  
Article
Critical Temperature and Critical Current Enhancement in Arrays of Josephson Junctions: A Ginzburg–Landau Perspective
by Elena Tomei, Riccardo Bizzi, Vittorio Merlo, Francesco Romeo, Gaetano Salina and Matteo Cirillo
Physics 2024, 6(2), 599-612; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6020039 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
The present investigation explores the spatial distribution of Cooper pair density in graph-shaped arrays of Josephson junctions using a Ginzburg–Landau approach. We specifically investigate double-comb structures and compare their properties with linear arrays as reference systems. Our findings reveal that the peculiar connectivity [...] Read more.
The present investigation explores the spatial distribution of Cooper pair density in graph-shaped arrays of Josephson junctions using a Ginzburg–Landau approach. We specifically investigate double-comb structures and compare their properties with linear arrays as reference systems. Our findings reveal that the peculiar connectivity of the double-comb structure leads to spatial gradients in the order parameter, which can be readily detected through measurements of Josephson critical currents. We present experimental results which indicate the specific dependence of the order parameter on the branches of the graphs and are evidence of the theoretical predictions. Full article
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20 pages, 1593 KiB  
Article
Ultrafast Resonant Photon Emission from a Molecule Driven by a Strong Coherent Field in Terms of Complex Spectral Analysis
by Maito Katayama, Satoshi Tanaka and Kazuki Kanki
Physics 2024, 6(2), 579-598; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6020038 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the time–frequency-resolved resonant photon emission from a molecular vibrational oscillator driven by a monochromatic coherent external field. Using the complex spectral analysis of the Liouvillian, which integrates irreversible dissipative phenomena into quantum theory, we elucidate the fundamental processes [...] Read more.
In this study, we investigate the time–frequency-resolved resonant photon emission from a molecular vibrational oscillator driven by a monochromatic coherent external field. Using the complex spectral analysis of the Liouvillian, which integrates irreversible dissipative phenomena into quantum theory, we elucidate the fundamental processes of photon emission. Indeed, our analytical approach successfully decomposes the emission spectrum into two intrinsic contributions: one from a resonance eigenmode and another from continuous eigenmodes. These components are responsible for incoherent luminescence and coherent scattering photon emission processes, respectively. Our results show that while spontaneous emission dominates in the early stages of the emission process, coherent scattering gradually becomes more pronounced with time. Furthermore, destructive quantum interference between the two components plays a key role in determining the overall shape of the emission spectrum. Full article
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13 pages, 553 KiB  
Article
Adiabatically Manipulated Systems Interacting with Spin Baths beyond the Rotating Wave Approximation
by Benedetto Militello and Anna Napoli
Physics 2024, 6(2), 483-495; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6020032 - 28 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 730
Abstract
The Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) on a three-state system interacting with a spin bath is considered, focusing on the efficiency of the population transfer. Our analysis is based on the perturbation treatment of the interaction term evaluated beyond the Rotating Wave Approximation, [...] Read more.
The Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) on a three-state system interacting with a spin bath is considered, focusing on the efficiency of the population transfer. Our analysis is based on the perturbation treatment of the interaction term evaluated beyond the Rotating Wave Approximation, thus focusing on the limit of weak system–bath coupling. The analytical expression of the correction to the efficiency and the consequent numerical analysis show that, in most of the cases, the effects of the environment are negligible, confirming the robustness of the population transfer. Full article
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18 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Electric Octupole-Dependent Contributions to Optical Binding Energy
by A. Salam
Physics 2024, 6(1), 376-393; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6010025 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Contributions to the radiation-induced dispersion energy shift between two interacting particles dependent on the electric octupole moment are calculated using a physical picture in which moments induced by applied fluctuating electromagnetic fields are coupled via retarded interaction tensors. The specific potentials evaluated include [...] Read more.
Contributions to the radiation-induced dispersion energy shift between two interacting particles dependent on the electric octupole moment are calculated using a physical picture in which moments induced by applied fluctuating electromagnetic fields are coupled via retarded interaction tensors. The specific potentials evaluated include those found between an electric dipole-polarisable molecule and either a mixed electric dipole–octupole- or purely octupole-polarisable molecule, and those between two mixed electric dipole–octupole-polarisable molecules. Interaction energies are obtained for molecular and pair orientationally averaged situations. Terms dependent on the octupole weight-1 moment may be viewed as higher-order corrections to the leading dipole–dipole interaction energy as also found in energy transfer and dispersion forces. A comprehensive polarisation analysis is carried out for linearly and circularly polarised laser light incident parallel and perpendicular to the inter-particle axis. Contributions to the optical binding energy arising when one of the pair is polar and characterised by either a permanent electric dipole or octupole moment are also evaluated. Neither of these energy shifts survive orientational averaging. Full article
12 pages, 1067 KiB  
Article
Scalar QED Model for Polarizable Particles in Thermal Equilibrium or in Hyperbolic Motion in Vacuum
by Kanu Sinha and Peter W. Milonni
Physics 2024, 6(1), 356-367; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6010023 - 5 Mar 2024
Viewed by 924
Abstract
We consider a scalar QED (quantum electrodynamics) model for the frictional force and the momentum fluctuations of a polarizable particle in thermal equilibrium with radiation or in hyperbolic motion in a vacuum. In the former case the loss of particle kinetic energy due [...] Read more.
We consider a scalar QED (quantum electrodynamics) model for the frictional force and the momentum fluctuations of a polarizable particle in thermal equilibrium with radiation or in hyperbolic motion in a vacuum. In the former case the loss of particle kinetic energy due to the frictional force is compensated by the increase in kinetic energy associated with the momentum diffusion, resulting in the Planck distribution when it is assumed that the average kinetic energy satisfies the equipartition theorem. For hyperbolic motion in vacuum the frictional force and the momentum diffusion are similarly consistent with an equilibrium with a Planckian distribution at the temperature T=a/2πkBc. The quantum fluctuations of the momentum imply that it is only the average acceleration a that is constant when the particle is subject to a constant applied force. Full article
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17 pages, 3530 KiB  
Article
Large Angular Momentum States in a Graphene Film
by Pietro Paolo Corso, Dario Cricchio and Emilio Fiordilino
Physics 2024, 6(1), 317-333; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6010021 - 1 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1076
Abstract
At energy lower than 2 eV, the dispersion law of the electrons in a graphene sheet presents a linear dependence of the energy on the kinetic momentum, which is typical of photons and permits the description of the electrons as massless particles by [...] Read more.
At energy lower than 2 eV, the dispersion law of the electrons in a graphene sheet presents a linear dependence of the energy on the kinetic momentum, which is typical of photons and permits the description of the electrons as massless particles by means of the Dirac equation and the study of massless particles acted upon by forces. We analytically solve the Dirac equation of an electron in a graphene disk with radius of 10,000 atomic units pierced by a magnetic field and find the eigenenergies and eigenstates of the particles for spin up and down. The magnetic field ranges within three orders of magnitude and is found to confine the electron in the disk. States with a relatively large total angular momentum exist and can be considered in a vorticose condition; these states are seen to peak at different distances from the disk centre and can be used to store few bit of information. Full article
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15 pages, 595 KiB  
Article
Atoms Dressed by Virtual and Real Photons
by Maria Allegrini and Ennio Arimondo
Physics 2024, 6(1), 60-74; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6010005 - 8 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Specific properties of quantum field theory are described by considering the combination of the system under investigation and the cloud of virtual or real particles associated with the field. Such a structure is called a “dressed system”, in contrast with the bare one [...] Read more.
Specific properties of quantum field theory are described by considering the combination of the system under investigation and the cloud of virtual or real particles associated with the field. Such a structure is called a “dressed system”, in contrast with the bare one in the absence of the interaction with the field. The description of the properties of such clouds in various physical situations is, today, an active research area. Here, we present the main features associated with virtual and real dressings, focusing on photon dressing. In analogy to virtual photon clouds dressing electrons in vacuum, virtual phonon clouds appear in solid-state physics. The interaction between real photons and the schematized two-level structure of an atom paves the way to flexible quantum control. Here, a unifying Floquet engineering approach is applied to describe single- and multiple-dressed atom configurations. Connections with the past and present atomic physics experiments are presented. Full article
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15 pages, 1672 KiB  
Article
The Hawking Effect in the Particles–Partners Correlations
by Roberto Balbinot and Alessandro Fabbri
Physics 2023, 5(4), 968-982; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics5040063 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1240
Abstract
We analyze the correlations functions across the horizon in Hawking black hole radiation to reveal the correlations between Hawking particles and their partners. The effects of the underlying space–time on this are shown in various examples ranging from acoustic black holes to regular [...] Read more.
We analyze the correlations functions across the horizon in Hawking black hole radiation to reveal the correlations between Hawking particles and their partners. The effects of the underlying space–time on this are shown in various examples ranging from acoustic black holes to regular black holes. Full article
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12 pages, 577 KiB  
Article
Is the H Atom Surrounded by A Cloud of Virtual Quanta Due to the Lamb Shift?
by G. Jordan Maclay
Physics 2023, 5(3), 883-894; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics5030057 - 18 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1379
Abstract
The Lamb shift, one of the most fundamental interactions in atomic physics, arises from the interaction of H atoms with the electromagnetic fluctuations of the quantum vacuum. The energy shift has been computed in a variety of ways. The energy shift, as Feynman, [...] Read more.
The Lamb shift, one of the most fundamental interactions in atomic physics, arises from the interaction of H atoms with the electromagnetic fluctuations of the quantum vacuum. The energy shift has been computed in a variety of ways. The energy shift, as Feynman, Power, and Milonni demonstrated, equals the change in the vacuum energy in the volume containing the H atoms due to the change in the index of refraction arising from the presence of the H atoms. Using this result and a group theoretical calculation of the contribution to the Lamb shift from each frequency of the vacuum fluctuations, in this paper we obtain an expression for the region of the vacuum energy for each frequency ω around the H atom due to the Lamb shift. This same field plays an essential role in the van der Waals force. We show the ground state atom is surrounded by a region of positive vacuum energy that extends well beyond the atom for low frequencies. This region can be described as a steady state cloud of vacuum fluctuations. For energies E=ω less than 1 eV, where is the reduced Planck constant and ω is frequency, the radius of the positive energy region is shown to be approximately 14.4/E Å. For a vacuum fluctuation of wavelength, λ, the radius is (α/2π)λ, where α is the fine-structure constant. Thus, for long wavelengths, the region has macroscopic dimensions. The energy–time uncertainty relation predicts a maximum possible radius that is larger than the radius based on the radiative shift calculations by a factor of 1/4α. Full article
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11 pages, 391 KiB  
Article
The Zeldovich Number: A Universal Dimensionless Measure for the Electromagnetic Field
by Iwo Bialynicki-Birula and Zofia Bialynicka-Birula
Physics 2023, 5(3), 862-872; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics5030055 - 15 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1667
Abstract
In this paper we extend the Zeldovich formula, which was originally derived for the free electromagnetic field and was interpreted as the number of photons. We show that our extended formula gives a universal dimensionless measure of the overall strength of electromagnetic fields: [...] Read more.
In this paper we extend the Zeldovich formula, which was originally derived for the free electromagnetic field and was interpreted as the number of photons. We show that our extended formula gives a universal dimensionless measure of the overall strength of electromagnetic fields: free fields and fields produced by various sources, in both the classical and the quantum theory. In particular, we find that this number—called here the Zeldovich number—for macroscopic systems is very large, of the order of 1020. For the hydrogen atom in the ground state, the Zeldovich number is equal to 0.025 and for the xenon atom it is around 50. Full article
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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 271 KiB  
Review
Classicalization of Quantum Mechanics: Classical Radiation Damping Without the Runaway Solution
by Tomio Petrosky, Yuki Goto and Savannah Garmon
Physics 2024, 6(4), 1191-1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics6040073 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 812
Abstract
In this paper, we review a new treatment of classical radiation damping, which resolves a known contradiction in the Abraham–Lorentz equation that has long been a concern. This radiation damping problem has already been solved in quantum mechanics by the method introduced by [...] Read more.
In this paper, we review a new treatment of classical radiation damping, which resolves a known contradiction in the Abraham–Lorentz equation that has long been a concern. This radiation damping problem has already been solved in quantum mechanics by the method introduced by Friedrichs. Based on Friedrichs’ treatment, we solved this long-standing problem by classicalizing quantum mechanics by replacing the canonical commutation relation from quantum mechanics with the Poisson bracket relation in classical mechanics. Full article
13 pages, 1754 KiB  
Review
Conduction–Radiation Coupling between Two Distant Solids Interacting in a Near-Field Regime
by Marta Reina, Chams Gharib Ali Barura, Philippe Ben-Abdallah and Riccardo Messina
Physics 2023, 5(3), 784-796; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics5030049 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
In the classical approach to dealing with near-field radiative heat exchange between two closely spaced bodies, no coupling between the different heat carriers inside the materials and thermal photons is usually considered. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of research [...] Read more.
In the classical approach to dealing with near-field radiative heat exchange between two closely spaced bodies, no coupling between the different heat carriers inside the materials and thermal photons is usually considered. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of research on this coupling between solids of different sizes while paying specific attention to the impact of the conduction regime inside the solids on the conduction–radiation coupling. We describe how the shape of the solids affects this coupling, and show that it can be located at the origin of a drastic change in the temperature profiles inside each body and the heat flux exchanged between them. These results could have important implications in the fields of nanoscale thermal management, near-field solid-state cooling, and nanoscale energy conversion. Full article
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