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Nanomaterials
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Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications
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Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanophotonics Materials and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 34150

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carlos Alberto Alonso-Ramos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Paris-Saclay, France
Interests: Si photonics; hybrid silicon photonics; mid-infrared photonics; sub-wavelength engineering; nonlinear optics; datacom; sensing; quantum photonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Linjie Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering (SEIEE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: silicon photonics; phase change material for photonic devices; III-V and silicon hybrid integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Silicon photonics has been extensively developed in recent years, both, at the academic and industrial levels, mainly for telecom and datacom applications. Indeed, silicon photonics is widely recognized today as an enabling technology for next-generation Datacom applications, with unique potential for large-volume production of ultra-compact and low-power consumption optoelectronic transceivers. Driven by impressive technological development in recent years, silicon photonics is expanding its frontiers towards new applications beyond Datacom. A plethora of applications are currently emerging such as chemical and biological sensing, microwave photonics, neuromorphic computing, motion tracking, navigation and quantum cryptography and computing, to name but a few. Aiming to meet the requirements of these new applications, Si photonics is now exploring different novel strategies that include, among others, the use of different group IV materials like silicon nitride and germanium, hybrid integration of 2D and bulk materials with complementary optical properties, development of complex design strategies assisted by artificial intelligence, synthesis of nanostructured metamaterials/metasurfaces with engineered optical properties or the exploitation of alternative physical phenomena, e.g., Kerr nonlinearities or Brillouin optomechanical interactions, multilayer waveguides for 3D photonic circuits, co-integration of electronics and photonics, and high-density optical packaging of silicon photonic chips. This Special Issue focuses on the latest research and development of silicon photonics, targeting novel design, fabrication and integration techniques, and emerging applications.  

Dr. Carlos Alberto Alonso-Ramos
Dr. Linjie Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Group IV materials
  • Hybrid integration
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Metamaterials
  • Nonlinear optics
  • Optomechanics
  • Datacom
  • Telecom
  • Sensing
  • Microwave photonics
  • Quantum
  • Optical computing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 792 KiB  
Article
Metamaterial-Engineered Silicon Beam Splitter Fabricated with Deep UV Immersion Lithography
by Vladyslav Vakarin, Daniele Melati, Thi Thuy Duong Dinh, Xavier Le Roux, Warren Kut King Kan, Cécilia Dupré, Bertrand Szelag, Stéphane Monfray, Frédéric Boeuf, Pavel Cheben, Eric Cassan, Delphine Marris-Morini, Laurent Vivien and Carlos Alberto Alonso-Ramos
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2949; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112949 - 3 Nov 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2522
Abstract
Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterials have garnered a great interest for their singular capability to shape the material properties and the propagation of light, allowing the realization of devices with unprecedented performance. However, practical SWG implementations are limited by fabrication constraints, such as minimum [...] Read more.
Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterials have garnered a great interest for their singular capability to shape the material properties and the propagation of light, allowing the realization of devices with unprecedented performance. However, practical SWG implementations are limited by fabrication constraints, such as minimum feature size, that restrict the available design space or compromise compatibility with high-volume fabrication technologies. Indeed, most successful SWG realizations so far relied on electron-beam lithographic techniques, compromising the scalability of the approach. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of an SWG metamaterial engineered beam splitter fabricated with deep-ultraviolet immersion lithography in a 300-mm silicon-on-insulator technology. The metamaterial beam splitter exhibits high performance over a measured bandwidth exceeding 186 nm centered at 1550 nm. These results open a new route for the development of scalable silicon photonic circuits exploiting flexible metamaterial engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications)
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8 pages, 2123 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost 400 Gbps DR4 Silicon Photonics Transmitter for Short-Reach Datacenter Application
by Haike Zhu, Sean Anderson, Nick Karfelt, Lingjun Jiang, Yunchu Li, Robert Boeck, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Meng Wang, Raju Kankipati and Richard Grzybowski
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081941 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3787
Abstract
Targeting high-speed, low-cost, short-reach intra-datacenter connections, we designed and tested an integrated silicon photonic circuit as a transmitter engine. This engine can be packaged into an optical transceiver module which meets the QSFP-DD Form Factor, together with other electrical/optical components. We first present [...] Read more.
Targeting high-speed, low-cost, short-reach intra-datacenter connections, we designed and tested an integrated silicon photonic circuit as a transmitter engine. This engine can be packaged into an optical transceiver module which meets the QSFP-DD Form Factor, together with other electrical/optical components. We first present the design and performance of a high-speed silicon modulator, which had a 3-dB EO bandwidth of >40 GHz and an ER of >5 dB. We then incorporated the engine onto a test board and injected a 53.125 Gbaud PAM4 signal. Clear eye patterns were observed at the receiver with TDECQ ~3 dB for all four lanes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications)
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9 pages, 3250 KiB  
Article
High-Efficiency Spin-Related Vortex Metalenses
by Wei Wang, Ruikang Zhao, Shilong Chang, Jing Li, Yan Shi, Xiangmin Liu, Jinghua Sun, Qianlong Kang, Kai Guo and Zhongyi Guo
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(6), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061485 - 3 Jun 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3357
Abstract
In this paper, one spin-selected vortex metalens composed of silicon nanobricks is designed and numerically investigated at the mid-infrared band, which can produce vortex beams with different topological charges and achieve different spin lights simultaneously. Another type of spin-independent vortex metalens is also [...] Read more.
In this paper, one spin-selected vortex metalens composed of silicon nanobricks is designed and numerically investigated at the mid-infrared band, which can produce vortex beams with different topological charges and achieve different spin lights simultaneously. Another type of spin-independent vortex metalens is also designed, which can focus the vortex beams with the same topological charge at the same position for different spin lights, respectively. Both of the two vortex metalenses can achieve high-efficiency focusing for different spin lights. In addition, the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion through the vortex metalens is also discussed in detail. Our work facilitates the establishment of high-efficiency spin-related integrated devices, which is significant for the development of vortex optics and spin optics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications)
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11 pages, 3103 KiB  
Article
High-Performance On-Chip Silicon Beamsplitter Based on Subwavelength Metamaterials for Enhanced Fabrication Tolerance
by Raquel Fernández de Cabo, David González-Andrade, Pavel Cheben and Aitor V. Velasco
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051304 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3282
Abstract
Efficient power splitting is a fundamental functionality in silicon photonic integrated circuits, but state-of-the-art power-division architectures are hampered by limited operational bandwidth, high sensitivity to fabrication errors or large footprints. In particular, traditional Y-junction power splitters suffer from fundamental mode losses due to [...] Read more.
Efficient power splitting is a fundamental functionality in silicon photonic integrated circuits, but state-of-the-art power-division architectures are hampered by limited operational bandwidth, high sensitivity to fabrication errors or large footprints. In particular, traditional Y-junction power splitters suffer from fundamental mode losses due to limited fabrication resolution near the junction tip. In order to circumvent this limitation, we propose a new type of high-performance Y-junction power splitter that incorporates subwavelength metamaterials. Full three-dimensional simulations show a fundamental mode excess loss below 0.1 dB in an ultra-broad bandwidth of 300 nm (1400–1700 nm) when optimized for a fabrication resolution of 50 nm, and under 0.3 dB in a 350 nm extended bandwidth (1350–1700 nm) for a 100 nm resolution. Moreover, analysis of fabrication tolerances shows robust operation for the fundamental mode to etching errors up to ±20 nm. A proof-of-concept device provides an initial validation of its operation principle, showing experimental excess losses lower than 0.2 dB in a 195 nm bandwidth for the best-case resolution scenario (i.e., 50 nm). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications)
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Review

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15 pages, 3536 KiB  
Review
Photonic Matrix Computing: From Fundamentals to Applications
by Junwei Cheng, Hailong Zhou and Jianji Dong
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1683; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071683 - 26 Jun 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 11689
Abstract
In emerging artificial intelligence applications, massive matrix operations require high computing speed and energy efficiency. Optical computing can realize high-speed parallel information processing with ultra-low energy consumption on photonic integrated platforms or in free space, which can well meet these domain-specific demands. In [...] Read more.
In emerging artificial intelligence applications, massive matrix operations require high computing speed and energy efficiency. Optical computing can realize high-speed parallel information processing with ultra-low energy consumption on photonic integrated platforms or in free space, which can well meet these domain-specific demands. In this review, we firstly introduce the principles of photonic matrix computing implemented by three mainstream schemes, and then review the research progress of optical neural networks (ONNs) based on photonic matrix computing. In addition, we discuss the advantages of optical computing architectures over electronic processors as well as current challenges of optical computing and highlight some promising prospects for the future development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications)
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Graphical abstract

23 pages, 13130 KiB  
Review
A Review on Terahertz Technologies Accelerated by Silicon Photonics
by Jingya Xie, Wangcheng Ye, Linjie Zhou, Xuguang Guo, Xiaofei Zang, Lin Chen and Yiming Zhu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071646 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 8244
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, terahertz (THz) technologies, which lie in the frequency gap between the infrared and microwaves, have been greatly enhanced and investigated due to possible opportunities in a plethora of THz applications, such as imaging, security, and wireless communications. [...] Read more.
In the last couple of decades, terahertz (THz) technologies, which lie in the frequency gap between the infrared and microwaves, have been greatly enhanced and investigated due to possible opportunities in a plethora of THz applications, such as imaging, security, and wireless communications. Photonics has led the way to the generation, modulation, and detection of THz waves such as the photomixing technique. In tandem with these investigations, researchers have been exploring ways to use silicon photonics technologies for THz applications to leverage the cost-effective large-scale fabrication and integration opportunities that it would enable. Although silicon photonics has enabled the implementation of a large number of optical components for practical use, for THz integrated systems, we still face several challenges associated with high-quality hybrid silicon lasers, conversion efficiency, device integration, and fabrication. This paper provides an overview of recent progress in THz technologies based on silicon photonics or hybrid silicon photonics, including THz generation, detection, phase modulation, intensity modulation, and passive components. As silicon-based electronic and photonic circuits are further approaching THz frequencies, one single chip with electronics, photonics, and THz functions seems inevitable, resulting in the ultimate dream of a THz electronic–photonic integrated circuit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics: Synthesis and Applications)
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