Next Issue
Volume 14, November-2
Previous Issue
Volume 14, October-2
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
8.5
4.4
Journals
Nanomaterials
Volume 14
Issue 21
share announcement

Nanomaterials, Volume 14, Issue 21 (November-1 2024) – 85 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): The science of synthetic nanographenes has been rapidly established during recent years, targeting a congenital but non-naturally occurring nature that is otherwise unachievable. In particular, inherent chirality has received growing attention. Nevertheless, very little is known about twist chirality induced on nanographenes. Very recently, we reported the selective synthesis of a double twisted nanographene bearing four [6]helicene units. However, dynamic change in the conformation that is specific to the nanographene remains unveiled. Herein, we report the conformational stability of the nanographene to be robust so that it would be racemized only at temperatures exceeding 200 °C with a high energy cost which is apparently larger than pristine [6]helicene. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
4 pages, 172 KiB  
Editorial
Current Advances in Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors, and Devices
by Filippo Giubileo
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1771; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211771 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 605
Abstract
This Special Issue on “Current Advances in Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors, and Devices” collects cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews in the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology. This collection aims to highlight key breakthroughs in nanostructures, 2D materials, and their applications in nanoelectronics, nanosensors, and emerging [...] Read more.
This Special Issue on “Current Advances in Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors, and Devices” collects cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews in the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology. This collection aims to highlight key breakthroughs in nanostructures, 2D materials, and their applications in nanoelectronics, nanosensors, and emerging device technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
11 pages, 2651 KiB  
Communication
Synthesis of Needle-like CoO Nanowires Decorated with Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors
by Xiang Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1770; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211770 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 689
Abstract
Needle-like CoO nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process on an electrospun carbon nanofibers substrate. The as-prepared sample mesoporous CoO nanowires aligned vertically on the surface of carbon nanofibers and cross-linked with each other, producing loosely porous nanostructures. These hybrid [...] Read more.
Needle-like CoO nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process on an electrospun carbon nanofibers substrate. The as-prepared sample mesoporous CoO nanowires aligned vertically on the surface of carbon nanofibers and cross-linked with each other, producing loosely porous nanostructures. These hybrid composite electrodes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1068.3 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and a good rate capability of 613.7 F g−1 at a scan rate of 60 mV s−1 in a three-electrode cell. The CoO NWs@CNF//CNT@CNF asymmetric device exhibits remarkable cycling stability and delivers a capacitance of 79.3 F/g with a capacitance retention of 92.1 % after 10,000 cycles. The asymmetric device delivers a high energy density of 37 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 0.8 kW kg−1 and a high power density of 16 kW kg−1 with an energy density of 23 Wh kg−1. This study demonstrated a promising strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of flexible supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanocomposites for Batteries and Supercapacitors)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 9100 KiB  
Article
Deep Ultraviolet Excitation Photoluminescence Characteristics and Correlative Investigation of Al-Rich AlGaN Films on Sapphire
by Zhe Chuan Feng, Ming Tian, Xiong Zhang, Manika Tun Nafisa, Yao Liu, Jeffrey Yiin, Benjamin Klein and Ian Ferguson
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211769 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 644
Abstract
AlGaN is attractive for fabricating deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic and electronic devices of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, high-electron-mobility field-effect transistors (HEMTs), etc. We investigated the quality and optical properties of AlxGa1−xN films with high Al fractions (60–87%) grown on [...] Read more.
AlGaN is attractive for fabricating deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic and electronic devices of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, high-electron-mobility field-effect transistors (HEMTs), etc. We investigated the quality and optical properties of AlxGa1−xN films with high Al fractions (60–87%) grown on sapphire substrates, including AlN nucleation and buffer layers, by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). They were initially investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) and Raman scattering (RS). A set of formulas was deduced to precisely determine x(Al) from HR-XRD data. Screw dislocation densities in AlGaN and AlN layers were deduced. DUV (266 nm) excitation RS clearly exhibits AlGaN Raman features far superior to visible RS. The simulation on the AlGaN longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes determined the carrier concentrations in the AlGaN layers. The spatial correlation model (SCM) analyses on E2(high) modes examined the AlGaN and AlN layer properties. These high-x(Al) AlxGa1−xN films possess large energy gaps Eg in the range of 5.0–5.6 eV and are excited by a DUV 213 nm (5.8 eV) laser for room temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) studies. The obtained RTPL bands were deconvoluted with two Gaussian bands, indicating cross-bandgap emission, phonon replicas, and variation with x(Al). TDPL spectra at 20–300 K of Al0.87Ga0.13N exhibit the T-dependences of the band-edge luminescence near 5.6 eV and the phonon replicas. According to the Arrhenius fitting diagram of the TDPL spectra, the activation energy (19.6 meV) associated with the luminescence process is acquired. In addition, the combined PL and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopic system with DUV 213 nm pulse excitation was applied to measure a typical AlGaN multiple-quantum well (MQW). The RT TRPL decay spectra were obtained at four wavelengths and fitted by two exponentials with fast and slow decay times of ~0.2 ns and 1–2 ns, respectively. Comprehensive studies on these Al-rich AlGaN epi-films and a typical AlGaN MQW are achieved with unique and significant results, which are useful to researchers in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue III-Nitride Semiconductors: Design, Characterization, Applications, and Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3752 KiB  
Article
Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene-Based Materials as Highly Stable Catalysts for the Cathode of Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells
by Sthephanie J. Martínez, Raquel Cos-Hugas, Marco Bellini, Hamish A. Miller, Alessandro Lavacchi, José Luis Rodríguez and Elena Pastor
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211768 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 738
Abstract
Ni nanoparticles supported on graphene-based materials were tested as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to be used in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). The introduction of N into the graphene structure produced an enhancement of electrocatalytic activity by improving electron [...] Read more.
Ni nanoparticles supported on graphene-based materials were tested as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to be used in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). The introduction of N into the graphene structure produced an enhancement of electrocatalytic activity by improving electron transfer and creating additional active sites for the ORR. Materials containing both N and S demonstrated the highest stability, showing only a 3% performance loss after a 10 h stability test and therefore achieving the best overall performance. This long-term durability is attributed to the synergetic effect of Ni nanoparticles and bi-doped (S/N)-reduced graphene oxide. The findings suggest that the strategic incorporation of both nitrogen and sulphur into the graphene structure plays a crucial role in optimising the electrocatalytic properties of Ni-based catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectrocatalysts for Energy and Environmental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2803 KiB  
Article
Study of Hard Protein Corona on Lipid Surface of Composite Nanoconstruction
by Anna V. Epanchintseva, Svetlana V. Baranova, Julia E. Poletaeva, Irina A. Bakhno, Elena I. Ryabchikova and Ilya S. Dovydenko
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211767 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 764
Abstract
The composition of the protein corona covering any nanoparticle (NP) when it enters a biological fluid determines the parameters of the NP’s interaction with the body. To “control” these parameters, it is important to know the composition of the protein corona, the determination [...] Read more.
The composition of the protein corona covering any nanoparticle (NP) when it enters a biological fluid determines the parameters of the NP’s interaction with the body. To “control” these parameters, it is important to know the composition of the protein corona, the determination of which is a complex task associated with the two-layer organization of the corona (hard and soft coronas). In a previous publication, we reported obtaining lipid-coated NPs with a full protein corona, isolating them, and proving the presence of the corona on the surface of the NPs. This work reports on the preparation, isolation, and purification of lipid-coated NPs bearing a hard corona. The protein corona composition was determined by using the LC–MS/MS method. Thirty-seven serum proteins were identified with a high degree of reliability. The hard corona contained various apolipoproteins, including apolipoprotein E, which can potentially affect the penetration of NPs into the cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials for Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications (Second Edition))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 2708 KiB  
Review
From Structure to Sensing: Molecular Mechanistic Insights into Plant-Derived Carbon Dots for Heavy Metal Ion Detection
by Himanshi Soni, Vicky Jain, Suhas Ballal, Indang Ariati Ariffin, Mamata Chahar, Suman Saini, Monika Bhattu, Harbinder Singh, Mikhael Bechelany and Jagpreet Singh
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1766; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211766 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1082
Abstract
Plant-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) are gaining attention in environmental remediation due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, and lower toxicity compared with chemically synthesized carbon dots. This review comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of P-CDs, with a particular emphasis on [...] Read more.
Plant-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) are gaining attention in environmental remediation due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, and lower toxicity compared with chemically synthesized carbon dots. This review comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of P-CDs, with a particular emphasis on their efficacy in the sensing of heavy metals, which are among the most pervasive environmental contaminants. A detailed comparative analysis is presented by evaluating the performance of P-CDs against their chemically synthesized counterparts based on key parameters, such as optimal operating conditions and detection limits. Furthermore, sensing the potential of P-CDs towards every heavy metal ion has been discussed with in-depth mechanistic insights. Additionally, this review explores the industrial applications and future directions of P-CDs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of -P-CDs for heavy metal sensing, aiming to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity toward heavy metal ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanostructures as Promising Future Materials: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5031 KiB  
Article
Transition Metal-Doped Layered Iron Vanadate (FeV3-xMxO9.2.6H2O, M = Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn) for Enhanced Energy Storage Properties
by Mawuse Amedzo-Adore and Jeong In Han
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1765; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211765 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 775
Abstract
With its distinctive multiple electrochemical reaction, iron vanadate (FeV3O9.2.6H2O) is considered as a promising electrode material for energy storage. However, it has a relatively low practical specific capacitance. Therefore, using the low temperature sol–gel synthesis process, transition [...] Read more.
With its distinctive multiple electrochemical reaction, iron vanadate (FeV3O9.2.6H2O) is considered as a promising electrode material for energy storage. However, it has a relatively low practical specific capacitance. Therefore, using the low temperature sol–gel synthesis process, transition metal doping was used to enhance the electrochemical performance of layered structured FeV3O9.2.6H2O (FVO). According to this study, FVO doped with transition metals with larger interlayer spacing exhibited superior electrochemical performance than undoped FVO. The Mn-doped FVO electrode showed the highest specific capacitance and retention of 143 Fg−1 and 87%, respectively, while the undoped FVO showed 78 Fg−1 and 54%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Energy Harvesting and Environmental Sensing Application)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 3739 KiB  
Article
An MIP-Based PFAS Sensor Exploiting Nanolayers on Plastic Optical Fibers for Ultra-Wide and Ultra-Low Detection Ranges—A Case Study of PFAS Detection in River Water
by Rosalba Pitruzzella, Alessandro Chiodi, Riccardo Rovida, Francesco Arcadio, Giovanni Porto, Simone Moretti, Gianfranco Brambilla, Luigi Zeni and Nunzio Cennamo
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1764; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211764 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 880
Abstract
In this work, a novel optical–chemical sensor for the detection of per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) in a real scenario is presented. The proposed sensing approach exploits the multimode characteristics of plastic optical fibers (POFs) to achieve unconventional sensors via surface plasmon resonance [...] Read more.
In this work, a novel optical–chemical sensor for the detection of per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) in a real scenario is presented. The proposed sensing approach exploits the multimode characteristics of plastic optical fibers (POFs) to achieve unconventional sensors via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena. The sensor is realized by the coupling of an SPR-POF platform with a novel chemical chip based on different polymeric nanolayers over the core of a D-shaped POF, one made up of an optical adhesive and one of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for PFAS. The chemical chip is used to launch the light into the SPR D-shaped POF platform, so the interaction between the analyte and the MIP’s sites can be used to modulate the propagated light in the POFs and the SPR phenomena. Selectivity tests and dose–response curves by standard PFOA water solutions were carried out to characterize the detection range sensor response, obtaining a wide PFAS response range, from 1 ppt to 1000 ppt. Then, tests performed on river water samples collected from the Bormida river paved the way for the applicability of the proposed approach to a real scenario. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5820 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Skyrmion in Magnetic Nanowires for Nanoscale Data Storage
by Mohammed Al Bahri, Mohammed Al Hinaai, Rayya Al Balushi and Salim Al-Kamiyani
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1763; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211763 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 738
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmion random switching and structural stability are critical limitations for storage data applications. Enhancing skyrmions’ magnetic properties could improve their thermal structural stability. Hence, micromagnetic calculation was carried out to explore the thermal nucleation and stability of skyrmions in magnetic nanodevices. Different [...] Read more.
Magnetic skyrmion random switching and structural stability are critical limitations for storage data applications. Enhancing skyrmions’ magnetic properties could improve their thermal structural stability. Hence, micromagnetic calculation was carried out to explore the thermal nucleation and stability of skyrmions in magnetic nanodevices. Different magnetic properties such as uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (Ku), saturation magnetization (Ms) and Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya interaction (DMI) were used to assess the thermal stability of skyrmions in magnetic nanowires. For some values of Ms and Ku, the results verified that the skyrmion structure is stable at temperatures above 800 K, which is higher than room temperature. Additionally, manipulating the nanowire geometry was found to have a substantial effect on the thermal structural stability of the skyrmion in storage nanodevices. Increasing the nanowire dimensions, such as length or width, enhanced skyrmions’ structural stability against temperature fluctuations in nanodevices. Furthermore, the random nucleation of the skyrmions due to the device temperature was examined. It was shown that random skyrmion nucleation occurs at temperature values greater than 700 K. These findings make skyrmion devices suitable for storage applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetism and Spintronics at the Nanoscale)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2306 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Thermoelectric Performance of Ag2Te Films via a Co-Sputtering Method
by Hanwen Xu, Zhongzhao Zha, Fu Li, Guangxing Liang, Jingting Luo, Zhuanghao Zheng and Yue-Xing Chen
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1762; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211762 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 718
Abstract
Providing self-powered energy for wearable electronic devices is currently an important research direction in the field of thermoelectric (TE) thin films. In this study, a simple dual-source magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare Ag2Te thin films, which exhibit good TE [...] Read more.
Providing self-powered energy for wearable electronic devices is currently an important research direction in the field of thermoelectric (TE) thin films. In this study, a simple dual-source magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare Ag2Te thin films, which exhibit good TE properties at room temperature, and the growth temperature and subsequent annealing process were optimized to obtain high-quality films. The experimental results show that films grown at a substrate temperature of 280 °C exhibit a high power factor (PF) of ~3.95 μW/cm·K2 at room temperature, which is further improved to 4.79 μW/cm·K2 after optimal annealing treatment, and a highest PF of ~7.85 μW/cm·K2 was observed at 200 °C. Appropriate annealing temperature effectively increases the carrier mobility of the Ag2Te films and adjusts the Ag/Te ratio to make the composition closer to the stoichiometric ratio, thus promoting the enhancement of electrical transport properties. A TE device with five legs was assembled using as-fabricated Ag2Te thin films. With a temperature difference of 40 K, the device was able to generate an output voltage of approximately 14.43 mV and a corresponding power of about 50.52 nW. This work not only prepared a high-performance Ag2Te film but also demonstrated its application prospects in the field of self-powered electronic devices. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 19527 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Printed Nanocomposites with Tunable Piezoresistive Response
by Francesca Aliberti, Liberata Guadagno, Raffaele Longo, Marialuigia Raimondo, Roberto Pantani, Andrea Sorrentino, Michelina Catauro and Luigi Vertuccio
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211761 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 950
Abstract
This study explores a novel approach to obtaining 3D printed strain sensors, focusing on how changing the printing conditions can produce a different piezoresistive response. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filled with different weight concentrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was printed in the form [...] Read more.
This study explores a novel approach to obtaining 3D printed strain sensors, focusing on how changing the printing conditions can produce a different piezoresistive response. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filled with different weight concentrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was printed in the form of dog bones via fused filament fabrication (FFF) using two different raster angles (0–90°). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in TUNA mode (TUNA-AFM) were used to study the morphological features and the electrical properties of the 3D printed samples. Tensile tests revealed that sensitivity, measured by the gauge factor (G.F.), decreased with increasing filler content for both raster angles. Notably, the 90° orientation consistently showed higher sensitivity than the 0° orientation for the same filler concentration. Creep and fatigue tests identified permanent damage through residual electrical resistance values. Additionally, a cross-shaped sensor was designed to measure two-dimensional deformations simultaneously, which is applicable in the robotic field. This sensor can monitor small and large deformations in perpendicular directions by tracking electrical resistance variations in its arms, significantly expanding its measuring range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 2222 KiB  
Review
Liposomes and Their Therapeutic Applications in Enhancing Psoriasis and Breast Cancer Treatments
by Amal Ali Elkordy, David Hill, Mohamed Attia and Cheng Shu Chaw
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1760; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211760 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 723
Abstract
Psoriasis and breast cancer are two examples of diseases where associated inflammatory pathways within the body’s immune system are implicated. Psoriasis is a complex, chronic and incurable inflammatory skin disorder that is primarily recognized by thick, scaly plaques on the skin. The most [...] Read more.
Psoriasis and breast cancer are two examples of diseases where associated inflammatory pathways within the body’s immune system are implicated. Psoriasis is a complex, chronic and incurable inflammatory skin disorder that is primarily recognized by thick, scaly plaques on the skin. The most noticeable pathophysiological effect of psoriasis is the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. Breast cancer is currently the most diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women globally. While treatments targeting the primary tumor have significantly improved, preventing metastasis with systemic treatments is less effective. Nanocarriers such as liposomes and lipid nanoparticles have emerged as promising drug delivery systems for drug targeting and specificity. Advances in technologies and drug combinations have emerged to develop more efficient lipid nanocarriers to include more than one drug in combinational therapy to enhance treatment outcomes and/or relief symptoms for better patients’ quality of life. Although there are FDA-approved liposomes with anti-cancer drugs for breast cancer, there are still unmet clinical needs to reduce the side effects associated with those nanomedicines. Hence, combinational nano-therapy may eliminate some of the issues and challenges. Furthermore, there are no nanomedicines yet clinically available for psoriasis. Hence, this review will focus on liposomes encapsulated single and/or combinational therapy to augment treatment outcomes with an emphasis on the effectiveness of combinational therapy within liposomal-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to tackle psoriasis and breast cancer. This review will also include an overview of both diseases, challenges in delivering drug therapy and the roles of nanomedicines as well as psoriasis and breast cancer models used for testing therapeutic interventions to pave the way for effective in vivo testing prior to the clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 7028 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Materials
by Guangchao Shi, Nan Huang, Jingyuan Qiao, Xuewen Zhang, Fulong Hu, Hanwei Hu, Xinyu Zhang and Jingzhi Shang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1759; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211759 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
The giant magnetoresistance effect in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has sparked substantial interest in various fields; including sensing; data storage; electronics; and spintronics. Their unique 2D layered structures allow for the manifestation of distinctive physical properties and precise performance regulation under different conditions. [...] Read more.
The giant magnetoresistance effect in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has sparked substantial interest in various fields; including sensing; data storage; electronics; and spintronics. Their unique 2D layered structures allow for the manifestation of distinctive physical properties and precise performance regulation under different conditions. In this review, we present an overview of this rapidly developing research area. Firstly, these 2D magnetic materials are catalogued according to magnetic coupling types. Then, several vital effects in 2D magnets are highlighted together with theoretical investigation, such as magnetic circular dichroism, magneto-optical Kerr effect, and anomalous Hall effect. After that, we forecast the potential applications of 2D magnetic materials for spintronic devices. Lastly, research advances in the attracting magnons, skyrmions and other spin textures in 2D magnets are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 3406 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Composition-Tunable Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles Through Plasma-Driven Solution Electrolysis
by Chi Xu, Himashi P. Andaraarachchi and Uwe R. Kortshagen
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1758; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211758 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 744
Abstract
Bimetallic nanomaterials have shown great potential across various fields of application. However, the synthesis of many bimetallic particles can be challenging due to the immiscibility of their constituent metals. In this study, we present a synthetic strategy to produce compositionally tunable silver–copper (Ag-Cu) [...] Read more.
Bimetallic nanomaterials have shown great potential across various fields of application. However, the synthesis of many bimetallic particles can be challenging due to the immiscibility of their constituent metals. In this study, we present a synthetic strategy to produce compositionally tunable silver–copper (Ag-Cu) bimetallic nanoparticles using plasma-driven liquid surface chemistry. By using a low-pressure nonthermal radiofrequency (RF) plasma that interacts with an Ag-Cu precursor solution at varying electrode distances, we identified that the reduction of Ag and Cu salts is governed by two “orthogonal” parameters. The reduction of Cu2+ is primarily influenced by plasma electrons, whereas UV photons play a key role in the reduction of Ag+. Consequently, by adjusting the electrode distance and the precursor ratios in the plasma–liquid system, we could control the composition of Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles over a wide range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 5110 KiB  
Review
Blood Cell Membrane-Coated Nanomaterials as a Versatile Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Antitumor Applications
by Hanchun Shen, Yongliang Ouyang, Liang Zhang, Jing Li and Shige Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1757; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211757 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in tumor therapy is increasingly widespread, offering more possibilities for enhanced tumor therapy. However, the unclear biological distribution and metabolism of nanomaterials may lead to immune rejection or inflammatory reactions, posing numerous challenges to their clinical translation. The rich [...] Read more.
The application of nanomaterials in tumor therapy is increasingly widespread, offering more possibilities for enhanced tumor therapy. However, the unclear biological distribution and metabolism of nanomaterials may lead to immune rejection or inflammatory reactions, posing numerous challenges to their clinical translation. The rich diversity and multifaceted functions of blood cells offer promising biological avenues for enhancing the application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Blood cell membranes, being made of naturally found components in the body, exhibit significant biocompatibility, which can reduce the body’s immune rejection response, extend the drug’s residence time in the bloodstream, and enhance its bioavailability. Integrating blood cell membranes with nanomaterials enhances tumor therapy by improving targeted delivery, prolonging circulation time, and evading immune responses. This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of blood cell membrane-coated nanomaterials for antitumor therapy, with a particular focus on their use in photodynamic and photothermal treatments. Additionally, it explores their potential for synergistic effects when combined with other therapeutic modalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interaction of Electron Phenomena on the Mesoscopic Scale)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 3337 KiB  
Article
First-Principles Study on Strain-Induced Modulation of Electronic Properties in Indium Phosphide
by Libin Yan, Zhongcun Chen, Yurong Bai, Wenbo Liu, Huan He and Chaohui He
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1756; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211756 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 597
Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) is widely utilized in the fields of electronics and photovoltaics due to its high electron mobility and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Strain engineering has been extensively employed in semiconductor devices to adjust physical properties and enhance material performance. In the [...] Read more.
Indium phosphide (InP) is widely utilized in the fields of electronics and photovoltaics due to its high electron mobility and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Strain engineering has been extensively employed in semiconductor devices to adjust physical properties and enhance material performance. In the present work, the band structure and electronic effective mass of InP under different strains are investigated by ab initio calculations. The results show that InP consistently exhibits a direct bandgap under different strains. Both uniaxial strain and biaxial tensile strain exhibit linear effects on the change in bandgap values. However, the bandgap of InP is significantly influenced by uniaxial compressive strain and biaxial tensile strain, respectively. The study of the InP bandgap under different hydrostatic pressures reveals that InP becomes metallic when the pressure is less than −7 GPa. Furthermore, strain also leads to changes in effective mass and the anisotropy of electron mobility. The studies of electronic properties under different strain types are of great significance for broadening the application of InP devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theoretical Calculation Study of Nanomaterials: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 9050 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Microstructure and Physical Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Piezoelectric Composite Thin Films Based on Chitosan and Ln2O3-Doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
by Jacem Zidani, Moneim Zannen, Antonio Da Costa, Oumayma Mlida, Arash Jamali, Mustapha Majdoub, Mimoun El Marssi, Anthony Ferri and Abdelilah Lahmar
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211755 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 570
Abstract
This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly piezoelectric composite thin films composed of chitosan and Ln2O3-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) nanoparticles. The films were fabricated using a solution-casting technique, successfully embedding the [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly piezoelectric composite thin films composed of chitosan and Ln2O3-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) nanoparticles. The films were fabricated using a solution-casting technique, successfully embedding the particles into the chitosan matrix, which resulted in enhanced piezoelectric properties compared to pure chitosan. Characterization methods, such as photoluminescence spectroscopy and piezo-response force microscopy (PFM) which revealed strong electromechanical responses, with notable improvements in piezoelectric performance due to the inclusion of NBT-BT nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a pure perovskite phase with the space group R3c for NBT-BT and NBT-BT-Ln particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a non-uniform distribution of NBT-BT particles within the chitosan matrix. The results also suggest that the incorporation of rare earth elements further enhances the electrical and piezoelectric properties of the composites, highlighting their potential in flexible and smart device applications. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of chitosan-based composites in addressing environmental concerns while offering effective solutions for energy harvesting and biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, and Multiferroic Materials and Their Novel Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 5158 KiB  
Article
Thermal Stability and Purity of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: Key Parameters for Their Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
by Markus Martincic, Stefania Sandoval, Judith Oró-Solé and Gerard Tobías-Rossell
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211754 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 669
Abstract
Thermal analysis is widely employed for the characterization of nanomaterials. It encompasses a variety of techniques that allow the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of a material by monitoring its response under controlled temperature. In the case of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon [...] Read more.
Thermal analysis is widely employed for the characterization of nanomaterials. It encompasses a variety of techniques that allow the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of a material by monitoring its response under controlled temperature. In the case of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is particularly useful to determine the quality and stability of the sample, the presence of impurities and the degree of functionalization or doping after post-synthesis treatments. Furthermore, TGA is widely used to evaluate the thermal stability against oxidation by air, which can be, for instance, enhanced by the purification of the material and by nitrogen doping, finding application in areas where a retarded combustion of the material is required. Herein, we have evaluated key parameters that play a role in the data obtained from TGA, namely, gas flow rate, sample weight and temperature rate, used during the analysis. We found out that the heating rate played the major role in the process of combustion in the presence of air, inducing an increase in the temperature at which the oxidation of CNTs starts to occur, up to ca. 100 °C (from 1 °C min−1 to 50 °C min−1). The same trend was observed for all the evaluated systems, namely N-doped CNTs, graphene produced by mechanical exfoliation and N-doped reduced graphene samples. Other aspects, like the presence of impurities or structural defects in the evaluated samples, were analyzed by TGA, highlighting the versatility and usefulness of the technique to provide information of structural aspects and properties of carbon materials. Finally, a set of TGA parameters are recommended for the analysis of carbon nanomaterials to obtain reliable data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials and Metal-Organic Frameworks)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 9277 KiB  
Review
A Review on Recently Developed Antibacterial Composites of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Non-Hydrogel Polymers for Biomedical Applications
by Anastasiia V. Shabalina, Valeriy A. Kozlov, Ivan A. Popov and Sergey V. Gudkov
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1753; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211753 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 608
Abstract
Development of new antibacterial materials for solving biomedical problems is an extremely important and very urgent task. This review aims to summarize recent articles (from the last five and mostly the last three years) on the nanoparticle/polymer composites for biomedical applications. Articles on [...] Read more.
Development of new antibacterial materials for solving biomedical problems is an extremely important and very urgent task. This review aims to summarize recent articles (from the last five and mostly the last three years) on the nanoparticle/polymer composites for biomedical applications. Articles on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogel-based systems were not reviewed, since we focused our attention mostly on the composites of polymeric matrix with at least one inorganic filler in the form of NPs. The fields of application of newly developed antibacterial NPs/polymer composites are described, along with their composition and synthetic approaches that allow researchers to succeed in preparing effective composite materials for medical and healthcare purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Green and Sustainable World)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 5739 KiB  
Article
Safety Evaluations of Rapamycin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles in Ovarian Tumor-Bearing Mice
by Qingyu Zhou, John C. Harding, Ping Fan, Ivan Spasojevic, Attila Kovacs, Antonina Akk, Adam Mitchell, Luke E. Springer, Joseph P. Gaut, Daniel A. Rauch, Samuel A. Wickline, Christine T. N. Pham, Katherine Fuh and Hua Pan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211752 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Nanomedicine holds great potential for revolutionizing medical treatment. Ongoing research and advancements in nanotechnology are continuously expanding the possibilities, promising significant advancements in healthcare. To fully harness the potential of nanotechnology in medical applications, it is crucial to conduct safety evaluations for the [...] Read more.
Nanomedicine holds great potential for revolutionizing medical treatment. Ongoing research and advancements in nanotechnology are continuously expanding the possibilities, promising significant advancements in healthcare. To fully harness the potential of nanotechnology in medical applications, it is crucial to conduct safety evaluations for the nanomedicines that offer effective benefits in the preclinical stage. Our recent efficacy studies indicated that rapamycin perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticles showed promise in mitigating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). As cisplatin is routinely administered to ovarian cancer patients as their first-line chemotherapy, in this study, we focused on evaluating the safety of rapamycin PFC nanoparticles in mice bearing ovarian tumor xenografts. Specifically, this study evaluated the effects of repeat-dose rapamycin PFC nanoparticle treatment on vital organs, the immune system, and tumor growth and assessed pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Our results indicated that rapamycin PFC nanoparticle treatment did not cause any detectable adverse effects on cardiac, renal, or hepatic functions or on splenocyte populations, but it reduced the splenocyte secretion of IL-10, TNFα, and IL12p70 upon IgM stimulation. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution results revealed a significant enhancement in the delivery of rapamycin to tumors by rapamycin PFC nanoparticles, which, in turn, led to a significant reduction in ovarian tumor growth. Therefore, rapamycin PFC nanoparticles have the potential to be clinically beneficial in cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Nanoparticles and Other Nanomaterials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 3130 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Electronic Bandgap of Penta-Graphene from Insulator to Metal Through Functionalization: A First-Principles Calculation
by J. O. Morales-Ferreiro, Gerardo Silva-Oelker, Chandra Kumar, Carlos Zambra, Zeyu Liu, Donovan E. Diaz-Droguett and Diego Celentano
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1751; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211751 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 604
Abstract
We performed first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to numerically investigate the electronic band structures of penta-graphene (PG), a novel two-dimensional carbon material with a pentagonal lattice structure, and its chemically functionalized forms. Specifically, we studied hydrogenated PG (h-PG), fluorinated PG (f-PG), and [...] Read more.
We performed first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to numerically investigate the electronic band structures of penta-graphene (PG), a novel two-dimensional carbon material with a pentagonal lattice structure, and its chemically functionalized forms. Specifically, we studied hydrogenated PG (h-PG), fluorinated PG (f-PG), and chlorinated PG (Cl-PG). We used the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the hybrid Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) exchange-correlation functional in the DFT-based software VASP to capture electronic properties accurately. Our results indicate that hydrogenation and fluorination increased the indirect bandgap of PG from 3.05 eV to 4.97 eV and 4.81 eV, respectively, thereby effectively transforming PG from a semiconductor to an insulator. In contrast, we found that chlorination closed the bandgap, thus indicating the metallic behavior of Cl-PG. These results highlight the feasibility of tuning the electronic properties of PG through functionalization, offering insight into designing new materials for nanoelectronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 2800 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Food Safety Detection
by Hagar S. Bahlol, Jiawen Li, Jiamin Deng, Mohamed F. Foda and Heyou Han
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1750; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211750 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 764
Abstract
Food safety has recently become a widespread concern among consumers. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a rapidly developing novel spectroscopic analysis technique with high sensitivity, an ability to provide molecular fingerprint spectra, and resistance to photobleaching, offering broad application prospects in rapid trace [...] Read more.
Food safety has recently become a widespread concern among consumers. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a rapidly developing novel spectroscopic analysis technique with high sensitivity, an ability to provide molecular fingerprint spectra, and resistance to photobleaching, offering broad application prospects in rapid trace detection. With the interdisciplinary development of nanomaterials and biotechnology, the detection performance of SERS biosensors has improved significantly. This review describes the advantages of nanomaterial-based SERS detection technology and SERS’s latest applications in the detection of biological and chemical contaminants, the identification of foodborne pathogens, the authentication and quality control of food, and the safety assessment of food packaging materials. Finally, the challenges and prospects of constructing and applying nanomaterial-based SERS sensing platforms in the field of food safety detection are discussed with the aim of early detection and ultimate control of foodborne diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 2959 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Carrier Gas Flow in the CVD Synthesis of 2-Dimensional MoS2 Based on the Spin-Coating of Liquid Molybdenum Precursors
by Fiorenza Esposito, Matteo Bosi, Giovanni Attolini, Francesca Rossi, Roberto Fornari, Filippo Fabbri and Luca Seravalli
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211749 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 719
Abstract
Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a two-dimensional semiconductor with versatile applications. The recent adoption of liquid molybdenum precursors in chemical vapor deposition has contributed significantly to the reproducible wafer-scale synthesis of MoS2 monolayer and few-layer films. In this work, [...] Read more.
Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a two-dimensional semiconductor with versatile applications. The recent adoption of liquid molybdenum precursors in chemical vapor deposition has contributed significantly to the reproducible wafer-scale synthesis of MoS2 monolayer and few-layer films. In this work, we study the effects of the carrier gas flow rate on the properties of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide grown by liquid-precursor-intermediate chemical vapor deposition on SiO2/Si substrates. We characterized the samples using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. We analyzed samples grown with different nitrogen carrier flows, ranging from 150 to 300 sccm, and discussed the effect of carrier gas flows on their properties. We found a correlation between MoS2 flake lateral size, shape, and number of layers, and we present a qualitative growth model based on changes in sulfur provision caused by different carrier flows. We show how the use of liquid precursors can allow for the synthesis of homogeneous, single-layer flakes up to 100 µm in lateral size by optimizing the gas flow rate. These results are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the growth process of MoS2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Layered Nanomaterials and Heterostructures for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Sensing)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 3634 KiB  
Article
Influence of PCBM Nanocrystals on the Donor-Acceptor Polymer Ultraviolet Phototransistors
by Hong Zhu, Quanhua Chen, Lijian Chen, Rozalina Zakaria, Min-Su Park, Chee Leong Tan, Li Zhu and Yong Xu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211748 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Organic phototransistors, renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility, hold promise in phototherapy for tracking the efficacy of photosensitive drugs within treatment areas. Nevertheless, it has been found that organic semiconductors are less effective in detecting ultraviolet (UV) light because of their narrow bandgap. Here, [...] Read more.
Organic phototransistors, renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility, hold promise in phototherapy for tracking the efficacy of photosensitive drugs within treatment areas. Nevertheless, it has been found that organic semiconductors are less effective in detecting ultraviolet (UV) light because of their narrow bandgap. Here, we show that UV photodetection in phototransistors using donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer semiconductors can be significantly enhanced by incorporating PCBM nanocrystals. This integration results in a band mismatch between the nanocrystals and the D-A polymer at the interface. These nanocrystals also demonstrate a notable capability of modulating threshold voltage under UV light. The devices incorporating nanocrystals exhibit a photoresponsivity of 0.16 A/W, surpassing the photoresponsivity of the devices without nanocrystals by 50%. The specific detection rate of devices with nanocrystals is around 2.00 × 1010 Jones, which is twice as high as that of devices without nanocrystals. The presented findings offer a potential avenue to improve the efficiency of polymer phototransistors for UV detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interaction of Electron Phenomena on the Mesoscopic Scale)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 5799 KiB  
Article
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Pharmaceuticals: Optimization of the Process by Response Surface Methodology
by Nikoletta Tsiarta, Wolfgang Gernjak, Hrvoje Cajner, Gordana Matijašić and Lidija Ćurković
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211747 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 721
Abstract
Batch heterogeneous catalytic ozonation experiments were performed using commercial and synthesized nanoparticles as catalysts in aqueous ozone. The transferred ozone dose (TOD) ranged from 0 to 150 μM, and nanoparticles were added in concentrations between 0 and 1.5 g L−1, with [...] Read more.
Batch heterogeneous catalytic ozonation experiments were performed using commercial and synthesized nanoparticles as catalysts in aqueous ozone. The transferred ozone dose (TOD) ranged from 0 to 150 μM, and nanoparticles were added in concentrations between 0 and 1.5 g L−1, with all experiments conducted at 20 °C and a total volume of 240 mL. A Ce-doped TiO2 catalyst (1% molar ratio of Ce/Ti) was synthesized via the sol–gel method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify the most significant factors affecting the removal of selected pharmaceuticals, with TOD emerging as the most critical variable. Higher TOD resulted in greater removal efficiencies. Furthermore, it was found that the commercially available metal oxides α-Al2O3, Mn2O3, TiO2, and CeO2, as well as the synthesized CeTiOx, did not increase the catalytic activity of ozone during the degradation of ibuprofen (IBF) and para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA). Carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) are compounds susceptible to ozone oxidation, thus their complete degradation at 150 μM transferred ozone dose was attained. The limited catalytic effect was attributed to the rapid consumption of ozone within the first minute of reaction, as well as the saturation of catalyst active sites by water molecules, which inhibited effective ozone adsorption and subsequent hydroxyl radical generation (●OH). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Removal of New Emerging Pollutants from Water/Wastewater (2nd Edition))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 11330 KiB  
Article
Combined Toxicity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Cu2+ on the Growth of Ryegrass: Effect of Surface Modification, Dose, and Exposure Time Pattern
by Wenwen Xie, Cheng Peng, Weiping Wang, Xiaoyi Chen, Jiaqi Tan and Wei Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211746 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 445
Abstract
The escalating release of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the environment has raised concerns due to their potential ecotoxicological impacts. However, their combined phytotoxicity with heavy metals such as copper (Cu) is still unclear. This study investigated the individual and combined toxic effects [...] Read more.
The escalating release of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the environment has raised concerns due to their potential ecotoxicological impacts. However, their combined phytotoxicity with heavy metals such as copper (Cu) is still unclear. This study investigated the individual and combined toxic effects of MWCNTs (MWCNT, MWCNT-OH, and MWCNT-COOH) and Cu2+ on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), uniquely considering different addition orders. The results show that Cu severely inhibited the growth of ryegrass while MWCNTs exhibited a hormesis effect on ryegrass. When MWCNT and Cu were combined, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in ryegrass showed a 32.39% increase at 20 mg/L MWCNT exposure, suggesting reduced oxidative stress. However, at the higher concentration of 1000 mg/L, it led to a significant 75.22% reduction in ryegrass biomass. MWCNT-COOH had the most pronounced effect, reducing the total chlorophyll content by 39.76% compared to unmodified MWCNT and by 10.67% compared to MWCNT-OH (500 mg/L). Additionally, pre-induced MWCNTs might alleviate the Cu in the plant by 23.08–35.38% through adsorption in the nutrient solution. Small molecule organic acids and amino acids primarily mediated the response to environmental stress in ryegrass. This research provides crucial insights into understanding the complex interactions of MWCNT and Cu2+ and their combined effects on plant ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of New Pollutants by Functional Nanomaterials and Their Ecological Risk Assessment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 5309 KiB  
Article
Effect of Thermal Processing on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial Co2FeGe Films
by Andrii Vovk, Dariia Popadiuk, Bogdan Postolnyi, Sergey Bunyaev, Pavel Štrichovanec, José Ángel Pardo, Pedro Antonio Algarabel, Olga Salyuk, Vladislav Korenivski, Gleb N. Kakazei, Vladimir O. Golub and João Pedro Araujo
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1745; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211745 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 443
Abstract
The structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial Heusler alloy films (Co2FeGe) deposited on MgO (100) substrates were investigated. Films of 60 nm thickness were prepared by magnetron co-sputtering at different substrate temperatures (TS), and those deposited at room temperature [...] Read more.
The structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial Heusler alloy films (Co2FeGe) deposited on MgO (100) substrates were investigated. Films of 60 nm thickness were prepared by magnetron co-sputtering at different substrate temperatures (TS), and those deposited at room temperature were later annealed at various temperatures (Ta). X-ray diffraction confirmed (001) [110] Co2FeGe || (001) [100] MgO epitaxial growth. A slight tetragonal distortion of the film cubic structure was found in all samples due to the tensile stress induced by the mismatch of the lattice parameters between Co2FeGe and the substrate. Improved quality of epitaxy and the formation of an atomically ordered L21 structure were observed for films processed at elevated temperatures. The values of magnetization increased with increasing TS and Ta. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) studies revealed 45° in-plane rotation of the easy anisotropy axis direction depending on the degree of the tetragonal distortion. The film annealed at Ta = 573 K possesses the minimal FMR linewidth and magnetic damping, while both these parameters increase for another TS and Ta. Overall, this study underscores the crucial role of thermal treatment in optimizing the magnetic properties of Co2FeGe films for potential spintronic and magnonic applications. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4830 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Epoxy Composites with Ultrasonication Exfoliated MoS2: Impact of Low Filler Loading on Wear Performance and Tribofilm Formation
by Ravisrini Jayasinghe, Maximiano Ramos, Ashveen Nand and Maziar Ramezani
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211744 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 417
Abstract
This study highlights the impact of low amounts of MoS2 quantities on composite performance by examining the effects of ultrasonication exfoliated MoS2 at different loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) on the mechanical and tribological parameters of epoxy composites. Even at low concentrations, the [...] Read more.
This study highlights the impact of low amounts of MoS2 quantities on composite performance by examining the effects of ultrasonication exfoliated MoS2 at different loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) on the mechanical and tribological parameters of epoxy composites. Even at low concentrations, the ultrasonication and exfoliation procedures greatly improve the dispersion of MoS2 in the epoxy matrix, enabling its efficient incorporation into the tribofilm during sliding. Optimum mechanical properties were demonstrated by the MoS2/epoxy composite at 0.3 wt%, including a modulus of elasticity of 0.86 GPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 61.88 MPa, and a hardness of 88.0 Shore D, representing improvements of 61.5%, 35.45%, and 16.21%, respectively. Corresponding tribological tests revealed that high sliding velocity (10 N load, 0.2 m/s) resulted in a 44.07% reduction in the coefficient of friction and an 86.29% reduction in wear rate compared to neat epoxy. The enhanced tribological performance is attributed to the efficient removal and incorporation of MoS2 into the tribofilm, where it acts as a solid lubricant that significantly reduces friction and wear. Even though an ultra-low amount of filler concentration was added to the composite, a unique finding was the high MoS2 content in the tribofilm at higher sliding speeds, enhancing lubrication and wear protection. This study establishes that even ultralow MoS2 content, when uniformly dispersed, can profoundly improve the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites, offering a novel approach to enhancing wear resistance. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1523 KiB  
Article
Diffusion-Induced Ordered Nanowire Growth: Mask Patterning Insights
by Kamila R. Bikmeeva and Alexey D. Bolshakov
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211743 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Innovative methods for substrate patterning provide intriguing possibilities for the development of devices based on ordered arrays of semiconductor nanowires. Control over the nanostructures’ morphology in situ can be obtained via extensive theoretical studies of their formation. In this paper, we carry out [...] Read more.
Innovative methods for substrate patterning provide intriguing possibilities for the development of devices based on ordered arrays of semiconductor nanowires. Control over the nanostructures’ morphology in situ can be obtained via extensive theoretical studies of their formation. In this paper, we carry out an investigation of the ordered nanowires’ formation kinetics depending on the growth mask geometry. Diffusion equations for the growth species on both substrate and nanowire sidewalls depending on the spacing arrangement of the nanostructures and deposition rate are considered. The value of the pitch corresponding to the maximum diffusion flux from the substrate is obtained. The latter is assumed to be the optimum in terms of the nanowire elongation rate. Further study of the adatom kinetics demonstrates that the temporal dependence of a nanowire’s length is strongly affected by the ratio of the adatom’s diffusion length on the substrate and sidewalls, providing insights into the proper choice of a growth wafer. The developed model allows for customization of the growth protocols and estimation of the important diffusion parameters of the growth species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1182 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of Photoinduced Charge Carriers in Metal-Halide Perovskites
by András Bojtor, Dávid Krisztián, Ferenc Korsós, Sándor Kollarics, Gábor Paráda, Márton Kollár, Endre Horváth, Xavier Mettan, Bence G. Márkus, László Forró and Ferenc Simon
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1742; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211742 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 767
Abstract
The measurement and description of the charge-carrier lifetime (τc) is crucial for the wide-ranging applications of lead-halide perovskites. We present time-resolved microwave-detected photoconductivity decay (TRMCD) measurements and a detailed analysis of the possible recombination mechanisms including trap-assisted, radiative, and Auger [...] Read more.
The measurement and description of the charge-carrier lifetime (τc) is crucial for the wide-ranging applications of lead-halide perovskites. We present time-resolved microwave-detected photoconductivity decay (TRMCD) measurements and a detailed analysis of the possible recombination mechanisms including trap-assisted, radiative, and Auger recombination. We prove that performing injection-dependent measurement is crucial in identifying the recombination mechanism. We present temperature and injection level dependent measurements in CsPbBr3, which is the most common inorganic lead-halide perovskite. In this material, we observe the dominance of charge-carrier trapping, which results in ultra-long charge-carrier lifetimes. Although charge trapping can limit the effectiveness of materials in photovoltaic applications, it also offers significant advantages for various alternative uses, including delayed and persistent photodetection, charge-trap memory, afterglow light-emitting diodes, quantum information storage, and photocatalytic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Halide Perovskites and Their Applications in Light-Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-85
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop